Serum Creatine Kinase as a Biomarker to Predict Wooden Breast in vivo for Chicken Breeding.

The present study aimed to find a blood marker for the prediction of wooden breast (WB) in live broiler to assist the genetic selection of fast-growing chickens. The experiments were carried out with two chicken flocks: 250 male broilers in flock 1 and 100 male and female broilers in flock 2. Both flocks were slaughtered and measured. The breast filets were assessed by combining subjective scoring and compression force at 28 (flock 1 only) and 42 days of age. The enzyme activity in serum and breast tissue (flock 1 only) of normal and affected groups was tested. The results showed that the compression force was significantly different between the normal and affected groups at 28 and 42 days of age (P < 0.001), and it increased significantly with rising WB and WS scores. The serum creatine kinase (CK) value increased significantly with rising compression force at 42 days of age (P < 0.001). The serum CK positively correlated with compression force (r = 0.608; P < 0.001) and the linear regression equation (serum CK = 0.9960∗compression force + 1.884) was established for the line studied. The association between serum CK and compression force is consistent between flocks 1 and 2. In conclusion, our study confirmed that compression force could be the quantitative indicator to differentiate breast filets and found that serum CK could be a candidate biomarker to predict WB in live broilers and assist genetic selection in broiler breeding.

Targeted silencing of TEM8 suppresses non­small cell lung cancer tumor growth via the ERK/Bcl­2 signaling pathway.

Non­small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignancies with high rates of mortality. Although great progress has been made with the development of novel immunotherapies and targeted therapeutic strategies, the 5­year total survival rate of lung cancer has remained unchanged over the past few decades. Therefore, more effective therapeutics are urgently needed. Tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8) is an integrin­like cell surface transmembrane protein that has been demonstrated to be upregulated in numerous cancer types and previously showed promise for targeted cancer therapy. However, the role of TEM8 in NSCLC remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of silencing TEM8 on expression and regulation of extracellular signal­regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathways in NSCLC. In the present study, a lentiviral vector that encoded a short hairpin RNA targeting TEM8 was designed and transfected into Xuanwei Lung Cancer (XWLC)­05 lung cancer cells to silence TEM8 expression. Male BALB/c­nu/nu mice were then given subcutaneous injections in the right dorsal flank with XWLC­05 cells. Microvessel density was measured using an anti­CD34 antibody. The mRNA and protein levels of ERK1/2 and Bcl­2 in XWLC­05 cells or xenograft tumor tissues were detected by reverse transcription­quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. TEM8 knockdown was found to significantly inhibit tumor growth and conferred an anti­angiogenic ability in vivo. Furthermore, TEM8 knockdown suppressed the expression of Bcl­2 mediated by ERK1/2 activity in XWLC­05 cells or tissues from mice with NSCLC. To conclude, these results suggest that the targeted silencing of TEM8 may serve as an effective method of treating NSCLC.

Integrated analysis of the methylome and transcriptome of chickens with fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome.

BACKGROUND: DNA methylation, a biochemical modification of cytosine, has an important role in lipid metabolism. Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is a serious disease and is tightly linked to lipid homeostasis. Herein, we compared the methylome and transcriptome of chickens with and without FLHS. RESULTS: We found genome-wide dysregulated DNA methylation pattern in which regions up- and down-stream of gene body were hypo-methylated in chickens with FLHS. A total of 4155 differentially methylated genes and 1389 differentially expressed genes were identified. Genes were focused when a negative relationship between mRNA expression and DNA methylation in promoter and gene body were detected. Based on pathway enrichment analysis, we found expression of genes related to lipogenesis and oxygenolysis (e.g., PPAR signaling pathway, fatty acid biosynthesis, and fatty acid elongation) to be up-regulated with associated down-regulated DNA methylation. In contrast, genes related to cellular junction and communication pathways (e.g., vascular smooth muscle contraction, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, and gap junction) were inhibited and with associated up-regulation of DNA methylation. CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, we provide a genome-wide scale landscape of DNA methylation and gene expression. The hepatic hypo-methylation feature has been identified with FLHS chickens. By integrated analysis, the results strongly suggest that increased lipid accumulation and hepatocyte rupture are central pathways that are regulated by DNA methylation in chickens with FLHS.

Nomogram For The Prediction Of Malignancy In Small (8-20 mm) Indeterminate Solid Solitary Pulmonary Nodules In Chinese Populations.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the malignancy of small (8-20 mm) solid indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) in a Chinese population by using routine clinical and computed tomography data. METHODS: The prediction model was developed using a retrospective cohort that comprised 493 consecutive patients with small indeterminate SPNs who were treated between December 2012 and December 2016. The model was independently validated using a second retrospective cohort comprising 216 consecutive patients treated between January 2017 and May 2018. The investigated variables included patient characteristics (e.g., age and smoking history), nodule parameters (e.g., marginal spiculation and significant enhancement), and tumor biomarker levels (e.g., carcinoembryonic antigen). A prediction model was developed by using multivariable logistic regression analysis, and the model's performance was presented as a nomogram. The model was evaluated based on its discriminative ability, calibration, and clinical usefulness. RESULTS: The developed nomogram was ultimately based on age, marginal spiculation, significant enhancement, and pleural indentation. The Harrell concordance index values were 0.869 in the training cohort (95% confidence interval: 0.837-0.901) and 0.847 in the validation cohort (95% confidence interval: 0.792-0.902). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test revealed good calibration in each of the training and validation cohorts. Decision curve analysis confirmed that the nomogram was clinically useful (risk threshold from 0.10 to 0.85). CONCLUSION: Patient age, marginal spiculation, significant enhancement, and pleural indentation are independent predictors of malignancy in small indeterminate solid SPNs. The developed nomogram is easy-to-use and may allow the accurate prediction of malignancy in small indeterminate solid SPNs among Chinese patients.

Effect of exosome-derived lncRNAin tumor and its microenvironment / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@# 外泌体是一种纳米级别的生物膜结构，由机体的多种细胞分泌，广泛分布于唾液、血浆、乳汁等体液中。外泌体中含 有蛋白质、mRNA、miRNA、lncRNA、细胞因子、转录因子受体等多种生物活性物质。肿瘤细胞或肿瘤旁细胞分泌的外泌体可将 一些肿瘤特有的生物信息转移到邻近细胞，甚至远处细胞，并且通过这种细胞间通信传递肿瘤的特性，从而促进肿瘤的发生发 展。本综述旨在着重讨论肿瘤细胞及癌旁细胞分泌的含lncRNA的外泌体对肿瘤微环境，肿瘤的生物学特性的影响，为肿瘤的基 础研究及临床诊断治疗提出新的思路。

Progress on the role of miRNA in the development of lung cancer and its mechanisms / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#肺癌的发病机制非常复杂，目前仍未明确。研究发现miRNA是肿瘤中的一组重要的调节因子，与肺癌的发生发展密 切相关，异常表达后可作为致癌miRNA或抑癌miRNA参与调控信号通路基因的表达，影响肺癌细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭、转移等 过程。本文就miRNA作为抑癌或致癌基因在肺癌发生发展中机制的最新研究进展进行综述。

The Correlation of Visfatin and Its Gene Polymorphism with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Objective: To investigate the protein expression of visfatin and its gene polymorphism in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods: The plasma level of visfatin was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the genotypes rs59744560, rs9770242, and rs61330082 in the visfatin gene were detected by gene sequencing. Result: This study revealed that plasma levels of visfatin in NSCLC patients were significantly higher than the levels in healthy people (p < 0.01). The high level of plasma visfatin was found to be significantly correlated with TNM stage (p < 0.05). No mutations were detected in rs59744560 and rs9770242 loci. Three genotypes (CC, CT, and TT) were detected in rs61330082 locus, and the differences in the frequency distribution of these genotypes were significant in the two groups (p < 0.05). Central obesity and the CC genotype were independent risk factors in the pathogenesis of NSCLC (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The plasma visfatin level in NSCLC patients significantly increased, and high plasma visfatin levels were correlated with tumor stage. Gene polymorphism was found in the visfatin gene rs61330082 locus. The CC genotype might increase the risk for patients suffering from NSCLC, while the CT genotype, TT genotype, and T allele may reduce the risk of NSCLC. The rs61330082 locus can be used as genetic markers of high-risk populations.

Effect of silencing TEM8 gene on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of XWLC­05 lung cancer cells.

Currently, the role of tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8) in the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of lung cancer and its mechanism are poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of TEM8 on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of XWLC­05 lung cancer cells. The expression of TEM8 in human lung cancer and adjacent tissues was detected by reverse transcription­quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. An interference vector coding a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting TEM8 was designed and transfected into XWLC­05 lung cancer cells. MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was employed to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. Cell scratch assay was used for cell migration detection. Cell invasion ability was detected by the Transwell method. The expression of TEM8 in lung cancer tissues was significantly increased compared with adjacent tissues (P<0.05). Following the silencing of TEM8 by shRNA interference, cell proliferation was inhibited and the apoptosis rate increased. The cell cycle was arrested at G1 phase, while the migration and invasion ability of cancer cells was decreased. Silencing TEM8 may inhibit proliferation of XWLC­05 lung cancer cells, promote cell apoptosis, arrest the cell cycle at G1 phase and decrease the migration and invasive ability. Thus, TEM8 may be a potential target in therapy for lung cancer.

The role and mechanism of miR-32 in occurrence and development of malignant tumors / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#微小RNA（microRNA，miRNA）是一种内源性的长度为18~25个核苷酸的非编码RNA，通过与蛋白质编码基因的 mRNA结合来发挥重要的基因调控作用，与恶性肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。miR-32作为miRNA家族的重要成员，在不同肿瘤中 表达水平存在明显差异，因其与恶性肿瘤的相关性及本身表达的正反作用双向性， 在miRNA领域受到了更多的关注。近年来研 究发现，miR-32对恶性肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移与侵袭、自噬和凋亡均有影响。此外，miR-32与其上游靶基因、肿瘤代谢及临床诊 断和治疗也有密切的关系。本文就miR-32在恶性肿瘤发生发展中的作用及其机制、临床诊治中应用等最新研究进展作一综述。

The role of long non-coding RNA PANDAR in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@# 长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA，lncRNA）最初被认为是不具有功能的“转录噪声”，但越来越多的研究发现， lncRNA的失调在很多肿瘤中起着癌基因或抑癌基因的作用，是癌症发展的关键分子。PANDAR作为一种重要的lncRNA受到了 诸多关注。有研究证明，PANDAR在许多肿瘤中特异性表达，在大多数肿瘤中上调，但在非小细胞肺癌中显著下调，PANDAR的 特异性表达与肿瘤大小、TNM分期和总生存率显著相关。本文通过对lncRNAPANDAR在恶性肿瘤细胞中的主要作用模式、 表 达情况、作用机制及对各类肿瘤发生发展的影响进行综述，旨在为临床恶性肿瘤生物学诊治疗提供新的靶标。