A case report of metastasis to contralateral adrenal gland and gallbladder following laparoscopic right radical nephrectomy / 中华泌尿外科杂志

The metastasis of contralateral adrenal gland and gallbladder following radical nephrectomy is extremely uncommon in clinical practice. We presented one such case. The patient underwent laparoscopic radical right nephrectomy. Postoperative pathology revealed clear cell carcinoma of the right kidney. Five years after operation, CT revealed occupying lesions in the left adrenal gland and gallbladder. Transperitoneal laparoscopic left adrenalectomy and cholecystectomy were performed. Pathological examination showed that the left adrenal tumor and gallbladder tumor were clear cell carcinoma. The patient received targeted therapy and tumor-free survived for 10 months.

The clinical significance of PYCR1 expression in renal cell carcinoma.

Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) is an enzyme involved in cell metabolism and is upregulated in cancer. However, the correlations of PYCR1 expression with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the expression of PYCR1 and its clinical relevance in RCC patients.PYCR1 mRNA expression differences between RCC and the adjacent normal renal tissues were assessed using the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). Subsequently, the expression of PYCR1 mRNA and protein were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunochemistry using 30 paired frozen samples of RCC and the adjacent normal renal tissues. The protein expression of PYCR1 was evaluated by immunostaining formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of RCC samples from 96 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy, and its relationship with clinical features were analyzed. Nonpaired t tests were used to statistically analyze the differences between the 2 groups. Cox univariable and multivariable analyses of overall survival (OS) among RCC patients were performed.The expression of PYCR1 mRNA was significantly upregulated in RCC tissues compared to adjacent normal renal tissues in the TCGA database (P < .01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value was 0.748. The expression of PYCR1 mRNA and protein was significantly upregulated in RCC compared with that in paired normal renal tissues (P < .01). Higher PYCR1 levels were associated with metastasis (P < .01). Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that higher PYCR1 expression was correlated with poorer OS. Therefore, PYCR1 may act as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target in the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.

Cutaneous and systematic metastasis of testicular choriocarcinoma: Case report and literature review.

RATIONALE: Cutaneous metastasis of testicular choriocarcinoma is exceptionally uncommon. To our knowledge, only 14 cases have been reported in the past 10 years in the pubmed. We have an uncommon case of testicular choriocarcinoma who has metastasized to the adjacent skin and organ systems. PATIENT CONCERNS: An 18-year-old male was diagnosed with initial presentation of cutaneous mass at the left back. Followly,biopsy was performed under local anesthesia.Histopathological examination was consistent with the diagnosis of metastatic choriocarcinoma. DIAGNOSES: The histopathological assessment of the biopsied tissue, in combination with elevated serum ß-HCG levels and presentation of testicular mass, indicated primary testicular choriocarcinoma with cutaneous and systemic metastasis. INTERVENTIONS: Subsequently radical orchiectomy was performed. OUTCOMES: Despite the case completed one cycle of cisplatin-based regimen chemotherapy, he died of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome 2 months after surgery. LESSONS: In this report, cutaneous metastasis with testicular choriocarcinoma is extremely rare. It is important to recognize that this unusual variant of testicular choriocarcinoma has the potential to behave aggressively and to metastasize.

Effect of dichloroacetate on colony-forming, invasion and migration of the T24 bladder cancer cells line and its mechanism / 实用医学杂志

Objective To study the effects of dichloroacetate (DCA) on cell colony-forming,cell invasion and cell migration of the bladder cancer cells and to study the underlying mechanism.Methods The bldder cancer cells T24 were randomly divided into two groups:the observation group and the control group.Cells in the observation groups were treated with 5 mmol/L,10 mmol/L and 20 mmol/L dichloroacetate,and the control group was treated with the same amount of dimethyl sulfoxide.Colony formation assays were detected with Giemsa staining.Cell wound scratch assay and Transwell assay were applied to evaluate the ability of the T24 cell invasion and migration.Realtime PCR and Western blot were applied to detect the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related marker,including E-cadherin,N-cadherin,vimentin,Snail and Slug.Results Compared with the control group,the colony formation assays of T24 cells constantly decreased along with the increased doses in the observation group(P ＜ 0.01).The cell wound scratch assay showed that the scratch width of the observation groups were significantly higher along with the increased doses and prolonged time than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.01).The transwell assay showed that the invasion ability of the observation groups were significantly discreased along with the increased doses than that in the the control group (P ＜ 0.01).The expression levels of E-cadherin mRNA and protein in combination the control group were higher than those in the the observation groups (P ＜ 0.05).However,the expression levels of N-cadherin,vimentin,Snail and Slug mRNAs and proteins in combination the control group were lower than those in the the observation groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dichloroacetate can inhibit the colony-forming,invasion and migration of bladder cancer T24 cells,and its mechanism may inhibit the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition in T24 cells by down-regulating the expression of nuclear transcription factor Snail and Slug.

A relevant study between GRP78 expression and prognosis in clear renal cell carcinoma / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate GRP78 expression in clear renal cell carcinoma (CRCC) and its correlation with survival. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed using paraffin-embedded specimens of 102 CRCC. GRP78 positivity was determined based on intensity of staining and percentage of cells stained by SP methods. The survival curve was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plots and the log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazard model was performed to evaluate independent factors for overall survival (OS). Results Compared with patients in lower expression GRP78, the patients in higher GRP78 expression had shorter survival time. A statistically significant correlation was found between GRP78 expression and OS. Positivity of GRP78 expression was an independent risk factor in predicting survival by Cox proportional hazard model. Conclusion There was a significant correlation between GRP78 expression level and prognosis of RCC. GRP78 might be a useful marker to predict survival in patients with RCC.

Association between genetic polymorphism of TERT and CLK3 with susceptibility of bladder cancer / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the associations between the single nucleotide polymorphisms of TERT rs2736098, CLK3 rs11543198 and bladder cancer. Methods 201 bladder cancer cases and 200 healthy controls were included in the research, and the genotypes of TERT rs2736098 and CLK3 rs11543198 were determined using the PCR-RFLP method. Relationship between genotypes and bladder cancer risks was investigated. Results There were statistical significance in the rs2736098 genotype frequencies and allele frequencies between cases and controls (χ2= 6.973, P = 0.031; χ2= 7.412, P = 0.006). Compared with the individuals with the GG genotype , the risk of bladder cancer increased 2.069 times with the AA genotype (OR = 2.069, 95%CI: 1.181-3.624, P = 0.011). And there were no significant associations between the rs11543198 genotype frequencies and allele frequencies between cases and controls (χ2 = 0.202, P = 0.904; χ2 = 0.188, P = 0.665). Rs2736098 and rs11543198 genotype distribution in bladder cancer pathologic grade and stage had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Conclusion Rs2736098 polymorphism is associated with risk of bladder cancer and rs11543198 polymorphism was not associated with risk of bladder cancer.

Bone scintigraphy in patients with renal cell carcinoma / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate essentiality of bone scintigraphy in patients with renal cellcarcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 152 patients with confirmed renal cell carcinoma from Jan uary 1999 to June 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 106 men and 46 women with a meanage of 56 years (range 11-86 years).The tumor size was 1.5-20.0 cm (mean 6.0 cm).Accordingto the TNM and AJCC staging classification,88 patients had stage I,included of T1a in 47 cases,T1bin 41; 38 had stage Ⅱ; 16 had stage Ⅲ,included of T3a,in 10 cases,T3b in 6; and 10 had stage Ⅳ.Histological grade was well differentiated in 90 cases,moderately in 43,poor in 19.Ten clinical pa thology factors were evaluated by Logistic analysis to present the significant factors related to osseousmetastatic lesions.Results Overall osseous metastatic lesions were present in 22 of the 152 patients(14.5%).Of the 126 patients with clinically localized,11 cases (8.7%) had osseous metastatic le sions.Of the 16 patients with clinically advanced,5 eases (31.2%) had osseous metastatic lesions.Ofthe 10 patients with metastasis,6 cases(60%) had osseous metastatic lesions.Clinical stage was re lated to osseous metastatic lesions by Logistic analysis.The incidence of osseous metastatic lesionswas 40.9% in localized renal cell carcinoma patients with bone pain.Conclusions Bone seintigraphymay be omitted in patients with clinically localized renal ceil carcinoma(stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ) unless bone pain is pres ent.Bone scintigraphy should be performed in patients with stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ regardless of symptoms.

Expression of kruppel like factor 8 in human renal cell carcinoma and clinical significance / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of Kruppel like factor 8(KLF8)in human renal cell carcinoma(RCC)specimens and clinical significance.Methods RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the KLF8 mRNA and protein expression respectively in RCC cell strain 786-0,OS-RC-2 with 37 RCC specimens and adjacent normal tissues of the same patients.Results The expression of KLF8 mRNA was high in RCC cell strain 786-0,OS-RC-2,was 0.80±0.28 and 0.41±0.11 in the RCC specimens and normal tissues respectively(P＜0.01).The level of KLF8 protein expression of 37 RCC specimens(17 was expressed at++-+++)was significantly higher than that of the normal tissues(29 was expressed at--+)(P＜0.01).KLF protein was high expressed in RCC cell strain 786-0,OS-RC-2.The levels of KLF8 mRNA and protein expression were positively correlated with the tumor size,cell differentiation,clinical stage,but not correlated with the patients sex and age.Conclusions The KLF8 mRNA and protein expressions are elevated in the human RCC.KLF8 may be involved in the development and progression of RCC.