Analysis of passive smoking exposure and its influencing factors in non-smokers aged ≥18 in Tianjin / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To analyze the passive smoking exposure and its influencing factors in non-smokers aged≥18 in Tianjin.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. Based on the 2018 Tianjin Adults Noncommunicable Disease and Nutrition Surveillance, non-smokers aged≥18 years old at 7 surveillance sites were selected as the research objects, taking 2018 population data of Tianjin as the standard population, the sample data were weighted to analyze the general demographic characteristics, the level of passive smoking exposure, the cognition of tobacco harm, and the influencing factors of passive smoking exposure. Pearson χ 2 test was used to compare the rate between groups, and the influencing factors were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression. Results:After weighted, the passive smoking exposure rate was 51.5%, among non-current smokers, the awareness rates of smoking related lung cancer and passive smoking related adult lung cancer were 83.3% and 80.0%, respectively. The awareness rates of smoking related stroke and passive smoking related heart disease in adults were 61.4% and 66.4%, respectively. The awareness rate that smoking related stroke was higher in the non-passive smoking exposed group than in the secondhand smoke exposed group (62.7% vs 60.3%, P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the awareness rate of smoking related heart attacks and lung cancer as well as passive smoking related adult heart disease, adult lung cancer, and lung disease in children between the passive smoking exposed group and the non-passive smoking exposed group (all P>0.05). The awareness rate of smoking related three diseases (stroke, heart attack and lung cancer) was 57.9% and the awareness rate of passive smoking related three diseases (heart disease in adults, lung cancer and lung disease in children) was 64.9% in non-current smokers. Among men, undergraduate or above was a protective factor for second-hand smoke exposure. Heads, clerical and related personnel of state organs, party and mass organizations, enterprises and public institutions were risk factors for secondhand smoke exposure. Among women, age ≥60 years and high education were protective factors for secondhand smoke exposure. Conclusions:Non smokers aged 18 and above in Tianjin have a higher level of passive smoking exposure, and the awareness rate of tobacco exposure related cardiovascular diseases is low. In future, the health education of relevant knowledge should be strengthened.

Impact of coal rents, transportation, electricity consumption, and economic globalization on ecological footprint in the USA.

Over the last three decades, the world has been facing the phenomenon of the ecological deficit as the ecological footprint is continuously rising due to the persistent decline of the per-capita bio-capacity. Moreover, there is a substantial increase in globalization and electricity consumption for the same period, and transportation is contributing to economic prosperity at the cost of environmental sustainability. Understanding the determinants of ecological footprint is thus critical for suggesting appropriate policies for environmental sustainability. As a result, this study analyzes the impacts of economic globalization, transportation, coal rents, and electricity consumption in ecological footprint in the context of the USA over the period 1995 to 2018. The data have been extracted from "Global Footprint Network," "Swiss Economic Institute," and "World Development Indicators." The current study has also applied the flexible Fourier form nonlinear unit root test to examine the stationarity among variables. For the empirical estimation, a novel technique, the "quantile auto-regressive distributive lag model," is applied in the study to deal with the nonlinear associations of the variables and to evaluate the long-term stability of variables across quantiles. The study's findings indicate that coal rents, transportation, and globalization significantly and positively contribute to the deterioration of ecological footprints at different quantile ranges in the short and long run. Electricity consumption is found to have a positive and significant impact at lower quantile ranges in the long run but not have a significant impact in the short run. The study suggested that lowering the dependence of the transport sector on fossil fuels, more use of hydroelectricity, and stringent strategies to curb coal consumption would be helpful to reduce the positive influence of these variables on ecological footprints in the USA.

Impact of energy efficiency, technology innovation, institutional quality, and trade openness on greenhouse gas emissions in ten Asian economies.

Despite the fact that Asian economies have experienced robust economic growth in recent decades, rising pollution emissions have raised worries among policymakers about the long-term stability of this output growth. Knowing this fact, the present study attempts to empirically analyze the impact of some important factors, e.g., energy efficiency, technology innovations, trade openness, and institutional quality, on environment in 10 Asian economies over the period 1995-2018. Taking into account the slope heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence present in the data, Westerlund and Edgerton (2008) and Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (2017) cointegration techniques and cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag model (CS-ARDL) estimation are applied. For robust analysis, augmented mean group (AMG) and common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) are also employed in the study. The empirical findings provided by selected variables reveal that both trade openness and institutional quality have detrimental impact, whereas energy efficiency and technology innovations have favorable impact on environmental quality in the selected economies. Empirical findings are robust to various policy recommendations. To create a sustainable future environment, Asian economies should focus on the improvement of their institutions quality and increase investments in technology innovations. The Asian countries must encourage trade-related environmental regulations and energy efficiency policies for better and sustainable environmental quality.

Subxiphoid versus intercostal video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy for myasthenia gravis: A retrospective cohort study / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To compare the clinical efficacy of subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (XVATS) and conventional intercostal VATS (CVATS) extended thymectomy for myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods    The clinical data of MG patients who underwent extended thymectomy in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Xuzhou Central Hospital from October 2016 to October 2021 and finished the follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into an XVATS group and a CVATS group according to the procedure. The perioperative variables and clinical efficacy of the two groups were compared. Results    A total of 84 patients were collected, including 43 males and 41 females, with a mean age of 52.3 years. There were 41 patients in the XVATS group and 43 patients in the CVATS group. There was no mortality, cardiopulmonary thrombosis, prolonged air leak, or mediastinal infection. Additionally, the CVATS group recorded 5 (11.6%) patients of conversion to open thoracotomy, 1 (2.3%) patient of postoperative MG crisis, 1 (2.3%) patient of bleeding in thorax, and 1 (2.3%) patient of chylothorax. The operation time (127.4±50.4 min vs. 122.9±38.6 min), intraoperative bleeding [46.9 (25.7, 79.2) mL vs. 45.7 (21.9, 92.1) mL], incidence of complications [0 vs. 7.0% (3/43)], chest tube duration (4.3±1.9 d vs. 4.8±2.8 d), follow-up time (19.1±8.5 months vs. 22.5±13.7 months), the proportion of residual mediastinal fat tissue [12.2% (5/41) vs. 4.7% (2/43)], and total MG remission rate [29.3% (12/41) vs. 51.2% (22/43)] were not statistically different between the two groups (P>0.05). However, the two groups showed  significantly different incidence of conversion to open thoracotomy [0 vs. 11.6% (5/43), P=0.024], postoperative hospital stay time (8.2±3.3 d vs. 11.4±5.8 d, P=0.003) and total drainage volume [396.7 (173.8, 542.5) mL vs. 218.8 (102.1, 430.0) mL, P=0.038]. Conclusion    XVATS extended thymectomy is technically safe and feasible; however, more evidence is warranted before the recommendation of this approach for the treatment of MG.

Analysis on the trend of smoking prevalence and main causes of death of dead residents in Tianjin from 2010 to 2019 / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the change trend of smoking prevalence and the composition of main causes of death in Tianjin from 2010 to 2019.Methods:The study was based on the data collected in the Tianjin All Cause of Death Surveillance System from 2010 to 2019. A total of 699 372 cases were included in the study. The smoking prevalence, ex-smoking and never smoking prevalence were calculated according to different death years and gender. The proportion of smoking status was calculated according to the year of birth and gender. The distribution of smokers dying of smoking related diseases were calculated by different age-group. The change trend of smoking rate was analyzed by Joinpoint regression 4.9.0.0 statistical software. The diseases that smokers died of were expressed by proportion.Results:From 2010 to 2019, the smoking rate of dead residents decreased from 28.7% to 21.4%, and the average annual change percentage (AAPC) was -3.0% (95% CI: -3.9%, -2.2%). The same trend was shown in dead residents of different genders. The proportion of ex-smokers showed an upward trend, from 10.5% in 2010 to 14.7% in 2019; The proportion of light smokers increased with the postponement of birth year. The proportion of light smokers born at and before year 1950 was 14.7%, while the proportion of light smokers born at and after year 1981 was as high as 85.9%; the proportion of heavy smokers decreased with the year of birth. Lung cancer and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were the main causes of death of smokers and quitters. 13.86% of quitters died of lung cancer, which was slightly lower than that of smokers (16.39%) and significantly higher than that of non-smokers (5.55%). With the increase of smoking degree, the proportion of smokers who died of lung cancer also increased gradually, from 9.19% to 19.11%. Conclusions:From 2010 to 2019, the smoking prevalence of dead residents in Tianjin shows a downward trend, which is consistent with the change trend of the overall smoking prevalence of residents in Tianjin. Lung cancer, acute myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease rank among the top three causes of death among smokers.

Analysis of the long-term trend of mortality and years of life lost of gastric cancer in Tianjin from 1999 to 2015 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the long-term trend of mortality and years of life lost (YLL) of gastric cancer in Tianjin from 1999 to 2015.@*Methods@#From January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2015, the data of gastric cancer deaths was collected from the Tianjin death surveillance system. The inclusion criteria of death due to gastric cancer were coded by using 151 in the 9th edition of the international classification of diseases (ICD) (1999-2002) and C16 in the 10th edition of ICD (2003-2015). The crude and age-standardized mortality rate (ASR) of gastric cancer was calculated according to Segi′s world standard population. YLL was calculated according to the standard method of the disease burden of WHO. The Joinpoint regression was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) to indicate the trend of mortality and YLL of gastric cancer.@*Results@#From 1999 to 2015, there were 20 000 deaths of gastric cancer in Tianjin. The proportion of gastric cancer death in the population aged 0-44 years old, 45-64 years old, and 65 years old and above was 4.9%, 30.4%, and 64.8%, respectively. The proportion of males and urban was 67.1% and 67.5%, respectively. From 1999 to 2015, the crude mortality rate was from 12.10/100 000 to 12.58/100 000. The ASR was from 11.04/100 000 to 7.24/100 000. The average annual YLL number was 29 625.83 person-years and the rate was 3.09 person-years per thousand people. From 1999 to 2015, the crude mortality rate and the PYLL of gastric cancer in Tianjin were stable (the AAPC was 0.34% and -0.24%, all P values >0.05). The ASR showed a downward trend (AAPC=-2.58%, P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#From 1999 to 2015, the ASR of gastric cancer in Tianjin showed a downward trend, and the YLL of gastric cancer was stable.

Analysis on long-term trends of cervical cancer mortality and years of life lost in Tianjin, 1999-2015 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the mortality and years of life lost (YLL) trends of cervical cancer in Tianjin, and provide references for the research and prevention programs of cervical cancer. Methods: Mortality rate, standard mortality rate, cumulative rate (0-74 years-old) and truncated rate (35-64 years-old) of cervical cancer from 1999 to 2015 were calculated. The annual percentage change of the mortality rate and YLL rate were analyzed by using Joinpoint regression analysis, and the trend in different age-groups were analyzed. Results: From 1999 to 2015, 1 741 cases died of cervical cancer in Tianjin, the average crude mortality rate was 2.15/100 000. The average age-standardized rate of (ASR) China and ASR world were 1.47/100 000 and 1.50/100 000 respectively. The average YLL was 3 347.97 person-years. Deaths occurred in those aged 0-34 years, 35-64 years and 65 years and over accounted for 3.10%, 57.84% and 39.06% of the total, respectively. The mortality rate of cervical cancer in urban area was higher than that in rural area, with a ratio of 1.37∶1 between urban area and rural area. The age-specific mortality rate of cervical cancer during 1999-2015 increased with age. Two peaks of mortality rate were observed in those aged 50 years and aged 75 years, during 2014-2015. From 1999 to 2011, the mortality rate of cervical cancer was stable (APC=-0.2%, P=0.80), but there was a rapid increase from 2011 to 2015 (APC=21.6%, P<0.01). But group aged 20-49 years, it showed an upward trend from 1999 to 2015 (APC=6.9%, P<0.01). For group aged 50-69 years, it showed a downward trend from 1999 to 2007 (APC=-9.2%, P<0.01), and an upward trend from 2007 to 2015 (APC=14.5%, P<0.01). For group aged 70 years and over, it showed a downward trend from 1999 to 2009 (APC=-10.2%, P<0.01), but the difference in the mortality were not significant from 2009 to 2015 (APC=7.8%, P=0.10). Since 2008, the YLL rate of cervical cancer in group aged 50-70 years had exceeded that in group aged >70 years and the gap gradually widened. Conclusions: There had been a rapid increase trend of cervical cancer mortality since 2011 in Tianjin. Women aged 50-70 years were the main group of life loss.

Status quo on smoking and related change pattern of smoking related behavior in past 20 years in urban residents in Tianjin / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To understand the status quo of smoking and change pattern of smoking related behaviors in the past 20 years in the urban adults in Tianjin.@*Methods@#Data was from the study of Chinese Chronic Disease and Risk Factors (2015). Multi stage stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey in 7 surveillance sites in Tianjin.@*Results@#in the urban residents aged>20 years were compared with those in surveys in 1996 and 2010. Results In 2015, the smoking rate in men and women aged>20 years in Tianjin were 41.1% and 4.5% respectively. The average age of starting smoking was (19.2±4.7) years for men and (24.8±10.9) years for women, showing a younger age trend. Compared with the data from 1996 and 2010, the smoking rate in the urban residents was in decrease, but the rate of successful smoking cessation was in increase in 2015, the differences were significant.@*Conclusions@#Since 1996, the rate of smoking in the urban residents of Tianjin has been in decline, however it is still at a high level, especially in women. The average age of starting smoking remains to be younger. It is necessary to strengthen the health education about harm of smoking in adolescents.

Analysis on long-term trends of cervical cancer mortality and years of life lost in Tianjin, 1999-2015 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the mortality and years of life lost (YLL) trends of cervical cancer in Tianjin,and provide references for the research and prevention programs of cervical cancer.Methods Mortality rate,standard mortality rate,cumulative rate (0-74 years-old) and truncated rate (35-64 years-old) of cervical cancer from 1999 to 2015 were calculated.The annual percentage change of the mortality rate and YLL rate were analyzed by using Joinpoint regression analysis,and the trend in different age-groups were analyzed.Results From 1999 to 2015,1 741 cases died of cervical cancer in Tianjin,the average crude mortality rate was 2.15/100 000.The average age-standardized rate of (ASR) China and ASR world were 1.47/100 000 and 1.50/100 000 respectively.The average YLL was 3 347.97 person-years.Deaths occurred in those aged 0-34 years,35-64 years and 65 years and over accounted for 3.10％,57.84％ and 39.06％ of the total,respectively.The mortality rate of cervical cancer in urban area was higher than that in rural area,with a ratio of 1.37 ∶ 1 between urban area and rural area.The age-specific mortality rate of cervical cancer during 1999-2015 increased with age.Two peaks of mortality rate were observed in those aged 50 years and aged 75 years,during 2014-2015.From 1999 to 2011,the mortality rate of cervical cancer was stable (APC =-0.2％,P=0.80),but there was a rapid increase from 2011 to 2015 (APC=21.6％,P＜0.01).But group aged 20-49 years,it showed an upward trend from 1999 to 2015 (APC=6.9％,P＜0.01).For group aged 50-69 years,it showed a downward trend from 1999 to 2007 (APC=-9.2％,P＜0.01),and an upward trend from 2007 to 2015 (APC=14.5％,P＜0.01).For group aged 70 years and over,it showed a downward trend from 1999 to 2009 (APC=-10.2％,P＜0.01),but the difference in the mortality were not significant from 2009 to 2015 (APC=7.8％,P=0.10).Since 2008,the YLL rate of cervical cancer in group aged 50-70 years had exceeded that in group aged ＞70 years and the gap gradually widened.Conclusions There had been a rapid increase trend of cervical cancer mortality since 2011 in Tianjin.Women aged 50-70 years were the main group of life loss.

Value of MR 3D CUBE T2 WI Sequence in Displaying Anatomical Structure of Knee Joint / 医学研究杂志

Objective To investigate the value of MR 3D CUBE T2WI sequence in displaying anatomical structure of knee joint.Methods Sixty cases of knee joints (30 cases in lesion group and 30 cases in control group) were scanned with conventional 2D and 3D CUBE T2WI sequence by HDXt 3.0T superconducting magnetic resonance of GE Signa imaging system and hased-array coil.The meniscus,articular cartilage,anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments demonstrated by two sequences were evaluated as excellent,good and poor grade,the results were comparatively analyzed by statistics.Results 3D CUBE T2WI was superior to conventional 2D sequence in displaying of articular cartilage,anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments,and inferior to conventional 2D sequence in displaying of meniscus(all P =0.000).When we put excellent and good levels of image quality as according with diagnostic requirement.The satisfaction rate demonstrating anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments by 3D CUBE T2WI sequence in lesion and control group were 100％,articular cartilage was 93.33％ in control group and 90.00％ in lesion group,while the meniscus was 30.00％ in control group and 33.33％ in lesion group.Conclusion MR 3D CUBE T2WI sequence is a sensitive technique in demonstrating ligaments and articular cartilage of knee joint,but it was inferior to conventional 2D sequence in displaying of meniscus.We should adopt it according to clinical diagnosis.

Study on smoking-attributed mortality by using all causes of death surveillance system in Tianjin / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the smoking-attributed mortality by inclusion of smoking information into all causes of death surveillance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Since 2010, the information about smoking status, smoking history and the number of cigarettes smoked daily had been added in death surveillance system. The measures of training, supervision, check, sampling survey and telephone verifying were taken to increase death reporting rate and reduce data missing rate and underreporting rate. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for smoking-attributed mortality.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the study period (2010-2014), the annual death reporting rates ranged from 6.5‰ to 7.0‰. The reporting rates of smoking status, smoking history and the number of cigarettes smoked daily were 95.53%, 98.63% and 98.58%, respectively. Compared with the nonsmokers, the RR of males was 1.38 (1.33-1.43) for all causes of death and 3.07 (2.91-3.24) for lung cancer due to smoking, the RR of females was 1.46 (1.39-1.54) for all causes of death and 4.07 (3.81-4.35) for lung cancer due to smoking, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The study of smoking attributed mortality can be developed with less investment by using the stable and effective all causes of death surveillance system in Tianjin.</p>

Comprehensive assessment on the outcome of Tianjin Act of Tobacco Control / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the integrated effects of tobacco control programs through comparing the pre- and post-implementation of the Tianjin Tobacco Control Act (Act), in 4 successive years.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Case-related data on myocardial infarction was collected by Tianjin Surveillance System, New Case Registry. Both the representative sample size of indoor working places and public places for observation and PM2.5 monitored were selected through the calculation of Survey System, while the representative sample size of people involved in the survey for interview was under the Door to Door and Intercept.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Through comparing the pre- and post-implementation programs on Act, the posting of "No Smoking Sign" had become much more visible in hospitals, schools, governmental buildings and the waiting areas of public transportation. People smoked much less in the main public places, excepting for hotels and public bath rooms (P < 0.05). Exposure to secondhand smoking (SHS) had a 26.5% (P < 0.01) decline, than the Act was implemented in workplace and public place. Despite the number of cases increased in the entire population in Tianjin (β = -0.061, P = 0.00; β = 0.059, P = 0.00), cases with myocardial infarction presented at the hospitals were declining annually, among the indoor workers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Act showed a positive effect in decreasing the number of smokers in public places thus protecting people from the negative effects on SHS. Message on health effect and social benefits on tobacco control should be disseminated to facilitate the comprehensive implementation of the Act.</p>

The analysis of correlation between tongue body MRI and upper airway pressure measurements of blocked lingual region in patients with moderate and severe OSAHS / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the correlation between tongue body MRI measurements and the lingual region obstruction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, OSAHS), and the relationship of two diagnosis methods in positioning obstructive level, in order to improve the preoperative diagnostic accuracy of obstructive level in OSAHS patients .@*METHOD@#Fifty-nine patients with OSAHS definited by the AG200 sleep apnea monitoring and obstruction plane positioning system was included. They all underwent tongue MRI scan, after three-dimensional reconstruction, the tongue body length to diameter, relative thickness, basal diameter, wide around central about wide diameter and tongue body volume were measured. The lower blocking (mainly composed of lingual region) constituent ratio P established by AG200 was correlated with tongue parameters measured by MRI. At the same time, To analysis of differences of P in patients with different degree of OSAHS.@*RESULT@#Among these patients with OSAHS in different degree, the coefficient correlation between tongue parameters(tongue length, relative thickness, basal diameter, wide middle diameter, tongue body volume) and lower blocking constitute ratio P werer LP = 0.051,rHP = 0.069, r1 = 0.215, r2 = 0.147, rVP = 0.259, respectively. lower obstruction of form than the differences had statistical significance. The measured tongue parameters and value P(the lower blocking constituent ratio) were negatively correlated, which demonstrated that exclusing of the larynx and hypopharynx airway obstruction, the lower airway obstruction detected by AG200 was related with tongue parameters measured by MRI, and was strongestly related with the tongue body volume.@*CONCLUSION@#The volume of tongue and AG had correlation in judgement of lower blocking. In OSAHS patients the lower blocking constituent ratio varies between the defferent severity groups of the disease, the combina tion of the two method can be used to predict the obstructive plane in OSAHS patients with upper airway obstruction, and provide the basis for the individual treatment of patients with OSAHS.

Management of early relapse of pediatric acute intussusception after ene-ma reduction / 中国现代医生

Objective To explore the reasons and management of early relapse of pediatric acute intussusception after enema reduction. Methods Clinical data of 48 patients with early relapse of pediatric acute intussusception after enema reduction were retrospectively collected and analyzed, especially for X-ray data during enema. Relevant management methods were proposed. Results In the comparison of gender, age, admission time and enema pressure between the early relapse group and non-relapse group of children patients, without statistically significant differences(χ2 all <3.84,P>0.05). However, as for①whether X-ray sign of intestinal obstruction could be seen during diagnosis,②whether intus-suscepted parts could be clearly seen after reduction, ③whether intussuscepted parts became larger after pressure re-lief, and ④inflation of small intestine after reduction compared between the two groups, with statistically significant differences (χ2 all>3.84,P<0.05). Patients in the relapse group were all given a secondary enema reduction. Conclu-sion During early stage after reduction of intussusception by air enema, possibilities of relapse or multiple relapses should still be noticed. Observations of multiple repeated changes of body position during enema and special attention to changes of intussuscepted parts are one of critical factors for reducing relapses and ensuring a success for secondary enema. A secondary air enema can be carried out when mastering the indications.

An analysis on importance of drugs in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of complications and symptoms of hypertension by QUEST algorithms / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To approach Professor Zhu Guangli's regular pattern of differentiation of symptoms and signs in patients with hypertension accompanied by complications and in accord with the individual manifestations to add or subtract the ingredients in the prescription.Methods The patients with essential hypertension selected were those who the first time came to the Affiliated Guangxing Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University or Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) of Zhejiang Province from September 2012 to January 2015, and were continuously followed up in the hospitals having their clinical data comprehensive. The complications, combination diseases and symptoms of hypertension were conducted as dependent variables, while the applied Chinese medicines were acted as independent variables. QUEST algorithms were employed to analyze the different dependent variables to evaluate the importance contribution rate (ICR) of every kind of Chinese medicine.Results There were 9 types of complications or combination diseases [including hyperlipemia, coronary heart disease, cardiac arrhythmia, hyperglycemia, trace albuminuria, lacunar cerebral infarction, elevation of creatinine in blood (azotemia), liver dysfunction and cardiac dysfunction] and 39 types of symptoms obtained (including dizziness, palpitation, chest oppression, insomnia, lack of strength, soreness of the waist and knees, dry mouth, loose stool, fatigue, apontaneous sweating, headache, shortness of breath, coprostasis, fullness in the stomach, blurred vision, limb numbness, low spirit, chest pain, poor appetite, abdominal distension, excessive dreaming, tinnitus, flush of the face, neck rigidity, hectic fever, bitterness in the mouth, cough, ructus, nocturia, fremitus, stenagma, pharyngalgia, heaviness in head, nocturnal sweating, frequent urination, coughing of sputum, chillness and cold limbs, aphthous stomatitis and sialosis) being the QUEST decision models. All kinds of the TCM employed in all the patients paying visits for 755 times were summed up, and the individual drug frequency of presentation in the prescription was recorded. In the study, 171 sorts of TCM and 10 620 of cumulative frequency (freq.) were involved in 755 prescriptions. The average sorts of TCM was 14.07±1.53 per prescription. The top ten kinds of TCM the most commonly used (freq.) were as follows: tuckahoe (588), Chinese yam (551), wolfberry fruit (496), white peony root (442), abalone shell (405), gastrodia tuber (395), lilyturf root (325), Huai wheat (293), curcuma root (281), rush pith (277), accounting for 38.16% in the total frequency. There were 33 kinds of TCM with frequency > 100, accounting for 74.65% in the total frequency. By the analyses of QUEST algorithms directing to the complications and combination diseases to add or subtract the items of TCM, it was discovered that the drugs with ICR > 5% were as follows: in lacunar cerebral infarction, the drug application frequencies or ICRs of batryticated silkworm and bitter cardamom were 32.69% and 50.74% respectively; in coronary heart disease, the ICRs of pseudostellaria root, astragalus root, white sandal wood and lepidium seed were 23.05%, 17.70%, 15.31% and 5.06% respectively; in cardiac arrhythmia, the ICRs of astragalus root, flavescent sophora root, Huai wheat and dragon tooth and dragon bone were 46.65%, 11.56%, 7.56%, 7.13% and 6.28% respectively; in cardiac dysfunction, the ICRs of lepidium seed and white hyaciath bean were 92.97% and 7.03%; in hyperlipemia, the ICRs of cassia seed, white sandal wood, dried rehmannia root and sargentgloryvine stem were 24.26%, 12.47%, 10.51% and 5.81% respectively; in hyperglycemia, the ICRs of trichosanthes root and dried hawthorn fruit were 51.02% and 30.18%; in trace albuminuria, the ICR of snow in June herb was 83.33%; in elevation of creatinine in blood, the ICRs of Chinese actinidia root, herb of snow in June, glossy privet fruit and centella were 81.37%, 6.21%, 6.21% and 6.21% respectively; in liver dysfunction, the ICRs of coral ardisia root, purse grass and herb of stringy stonecrop were 86.37%, 6.82% and 6.82% respectively. When the symptoms were used as the dependent variables, for the top 3 commonly seen symptoms, in the prescription, the items of TCM used with ICR > 5% were as follows: in cases with elevation of blood pressure, parasitic loranthus (ICR 89.59%) was used; with dizziness, gastrodia tuber (ICR 46.96%) and/or abalone shell (ICR 33.61%) were added; headache, rhizome of Chinese ligusticum and/or rhizome of Sichuan lovage and/or large gentian with ICR at 85.77%, 7.11% and 7.11% respectively. Conclusion Professor Zhu's essential thought in differentiation of disease and expectant treatment of hypertension in accord with the individual manifestations to add and subtract drugs in TCM is under the guidance of TCM principle of differentiation of symptoms and signs for treatment, and based on the classical theories in TCM, the reliable drugs whose actions are demonstrated clinically and experimentally are preferentially selected.

Basing on the Original Language and Ideas Would Make A Better Way to Understand Treatise on Febrile Diseases / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective Our purpose was to find out a better way for modern learner to understand the ancient medical book named as Treatise on Febrile Diseases. [Methods] We adopted the way of document research to find out the key points for modern learners. [Results] There were many interchangeable words, ancient and modern words and Nanyang dialect speech in the book. Further more, some drugs had been evolved in a state of flux. [Conclusion] Our conclusion was: To make a better understanding of Treatise on Febrile Diseases, we must put our fingers on the original language and ideas, not just focus on the clauses. And we cannot use contemporary language to explain ancient words;otherwise we would misunderstand the truth.

CT findings and pathology comparative analysis of ectopic pheochromocytoma in the abdomen / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To investigate the CT characteristics of ectopic pheochromocytoma in the abdomen.Methods The CT characteristics of 31 cases of ectopic pheochromocytoma in abdomen proved by surgery and pathology were retrospectively analyzed.The relationship between the density,cystic change,calcification,boundary,the enhancement degree and pathological types and tumor tissue components were studied.Results The tumors location was:9 cases in mesentery,8 cases adjacent to abdominal aorta(7 on the left and1 right),3 cases above the adrenal gland(2 on the right and 1 left),3 cases outside the renal hilum(1 on the right and 2 left),3 cases behind the inferior venacava,3 cases in hepatic hilum,and 2 cases in duodenal ampulla.Tumor size ranged from 2.7 cm ×2.5 cm to 18.0 cm × 11.0 cm(average 6.8 cm ×5.6 cm).CT plain scan:the CT value was 32-58 Hu for the substantial part(average 45 Hu),18 to 25 Hu for the cystic necrosis part (average 21.5 Hu).28 cases had clear boundary and tumor boundary in 3 cases was not clear.24 cases had equal density of the substantial part,7 cases had high density of the substantial part.21 had irregular low-density areas of necrosis in the mass center.8 cases had punctiform,patchy or linear calcification in the mass.Enhanced CT:CT value in arterial phase was 47-105 Hu of the substantial part(average 76 Hu),among which tortuous expansion within the enhanced vascular shadow of the tumor was found in 8 cases.CT value in venous phase was 45 to 90 Hu of the substantial part(average 65Hu),among which 7 cases had obviously decreased density in parenchymal enhancement part,19 cases slightly decreased,and 5 cases strengthened constantly.CT value in delayed phase was 42 to 70 Hu of the substantial part(average 56 Hu),among which 26 cases had less enhancement degree of the substantial part compared to that in the arterial and venous phase,and 5 cases had constant enhancement.Conclusions Ectopic pheochromocytoma in the abdomen has certain characteristic in CT.CT characteristics are correlated with pathologic types and tissue components.CT findings combined with clinical manifestation may suggest diagnosis.

Application of mini-laparoscopy in the diagnosis and management of nonpalpable undescended testis in children / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the application of mini-laparoscopy in the diagnosis and management of nonpalpable undescended testis in children.Methods 38 cases of impalpabal testes(46 testicular) had been operated by mini-laparoscopy in children with cryptorchidism.Results 38 children with nonpalpable undescended testis (46 testicular) had been operated by mini-laparoscope.Results After laparoscopic exploration,inguinal probe and postoperative pathology,it had been confirmed that 2 testicular were absent,34 testicular were found in high inguinal location,10 testicular were located in intraperitoneal cavity.In addition to the absent testicular,the rest had been performed with mini-laparoscope:one period descent fixation 41 testes,Fowler-Stephens (F-S) installment orchiopexy three testes.Follow-up with side testicular atrophy 2,including one period orchiopexy a testis,F-S installment fixation a testicular; Testicular rebound 1,who had been operated with one phase of testicular descent fixtion.Conclusion For inguinal failed to find the testicular,children with cryptorchidism should be done by laparoscopy because of its positioning accuracy,and most children can do a period drop fixed,but for those really intraperitoneal more exalted person,stage surgery should be needed.Its overall treatment effect is satisfactory and is worth popularizing.

In vivo study on antisense-micro ribonucleic acid-21 oligonucleotide inhibiting tongue squamous cell carcinoma growth / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect antisense-micro ribonucleic acid-21 oligonucleotide (AS-miR-21)'s inhibiting effect to tongue squamous cell carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Living image and TUNEL experiments were performed, based upon the xenograft animal models set up by introduction of Tca8113-luc cells which were stably transfected with pGL6 luciferase report gene plasmid into nude mice, while the tumors were injected with AS-miR-21.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Tca8113-luc cell line which steadily expressed luciferase activity was constructed by transfecting pGL6 report gene plasmid. The subcutaneous tumor formation rate was much higher in nude mice introduced with the cells, and the tumors grew well. After injection of AS-miR-21 into mice tumors, it was obviously viewed that tumors grew slower, the volume of the tumors was smaller, the photon number in live body imaging was getting less, the necrosis in the tumor specimens was rare, cell nuclei was getting smaller, dyeing color was lighter, heteromorphism and new vessels were decreased, micro ribonucleic acid-21 expression in tumor cells was considerably lower, and apoptotic index was increased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All the results indicate that the injection of AS-miR-21 can inhibit growth of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in nude mice model, and effectively promote cell apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.</p>

Biological effect of micro ribonucleic acid-21 on human tongue squamous cell carcinoma lines / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the biological influence to human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells of micro ribonucleic acid-21 (miR-21).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Referring to mature miR-21 sequence, the sense and antisense oligonucleotide (sense-miR-21 and AS-miR-21) modified by 2'O-Me were designed to transfect into TSCC cells (Tca8113 and high metastasis cells) by liposome transfection technology, in order to establish an in vitro TSCC cell model. The expression changes of miR-21 in the transfected cells were detected with real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). The changes of cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell early apoptosis, cell migration and invasion capabilities were detected respectively by the technologies of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), flow cytometry, Annexin V cell early apoptosis assay, scratch assay and Transwell assay, to check AS-miR-21's effect on the biological characteristics of human TSCC cell lines.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For the TSCC cells, the antisense oligonucleotide of targeting miR-21 could effectively inhibit cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, and inhibited the capability of cell's migration and invasion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expressions of miR-21 decrease after AS-miR-21 transfected into TSCC cells, and miR-21 can affect biological behavior of TSCC cells.</p>