Corrigendum: Human IL-17 and TNF-α additively or synergistically regulate the expression of proinflammatory genes, coagulation-related genes, and tight junction genes in porcine aortic endothelial cells.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.857311.].

Effects of µ-Conotoxin GIIIB on the cellular activity of mouse skeletal musculoblast: combined transcriptome and proteome analysis.

µ-Conotoxin GIIIB (µ-CTX GIIIB) is a polypeptide containing three disulfide bridges, produced by the sea snail Conus geographus. This study was aimed to explored the cytotoxic effects of µ-CTX GIIIB on mouse skeletal musculoblast (Sol8). Sol8 cells were exposed to ouabain and veratridine to establish the cell injury model, and then treated with µ-CTX GIIIB. CCK-8 was adopted to evaluate the cytotoxicity of µ-CTX GIIIB. Then, proteomics and transcriptome were conducted, and the explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) affected by µ-CTX GIIIB were found. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was used to investigate the affected signaling pathways. µ-CTX GIIIB increased the cell survival rate of injured Sol8 cells. We found and identified 1,663 DEGs and 444 DEPs influenced by µ-CTX GIIIB. 106 pairs of correlated DEGs and DEPs were selected by combining transcriptome and proteome data. The results of KEGG and GO analysis showed that µ-CTX GIIB affected the cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage and repair, lipid metabolism and other biological processes of Sol8 cells. µ-CTX GIIIB could affected cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, and activation of tumor factors, with potential carcinogenic effects. Our results provide an important basis for the study of in vitro toxicity, the mechanism of toxicity and injury prevention by µ-CTX GIIIB.

Atypical Hierarchical Connectivity Revealed by Stepwise Functional Connectivity in Aging.

Hierarchical functional structure plays a crucial role in brain function. We aimed to investigate how aging affects hierarchical functional structure and to evaluate the relationship between such effects and molecular, microvascular, and cognitive features. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 95 older adults (66.94 ± 7.23 years) and 44 younger adults (21.8 ± 2.53 years) and employed an innovative graph-theory-based analysis (stepwise functional connectivity (SFC)) to reveal the effects of aging on hierarchical functional structure in the brain. In the older group, an SFC pattern converged on the primary sensory-motor network (PSN) rather than the default mode network (DMN). Moreover, SFC decreased in the DMN and increased in the PSN at longer link-steps in aging, indicating a reconfiguration of brain hub systems during aging. Subsequent correlation analyses were performed between SFC values and molecular, microvascular features, and behavioral performance. Altered SFC patterns were associated with dopamine and serotonin, suggesting that altered hierarchical functional structure in aging is linked to the molecular fundament with dopamine and serotonin. Furthermore, increased SFC in the PSN, decreased SFC in the DMN, and accelerated convergence rate were all linked to poorer microvascular features and lower executive function. Finally, a mediation analysis among SFC features, microvascular features, and behavioral performance indicated that the microvascular state may influence executive function through SFC features, highlighting the interactive effects of SFC features and microvascular state on cognition.

Quantitative signal quality assessment for large-scale continuous scalp electroencephalography from a big data perspective.

Objective. Despite electroencephalography (EEG) being a widely used neuroimaging technique with an excellent temporal resolution, in practice, the signals are heavily contaminated by artifacts masking responses of interest in an experiment. It is thus essential to guarantee a prompt and effective detection of artifacts that provides quantitative quality assessment (QA) on raw EEG data. This type of pipeline is crucial for large-scale EEG studies. However, current EEG QA studies are still limited.Approach. In this study, combined from a big data perspective, we therefore describe a quantitative signal quality assessment pipeline, a stable and general threshold-based QA pipeline that automatically integrates artifact detection and new QA measures to assess continuous resting-state raw EEG data. One simulation dataset and two resting-state EEG datasets from 42 healthy subjects and 983 clinical patients were utilized to calibrate the QA pipeline.Main Results. The results demonstrate that (1) the QA indices selected are sensitive: they almost strictly and linearly decrease as the noise level increases; (2) stable, replicable QA thresholds are valid for other experimental and clinical EEG datasets; and (3) use of the QA pipeline on these datasets reveals that high-frequency noises are the most common noises in EEG practice. The QA pipeline is also deployed in the WeBrain cloud platform (https://webrain.uestc.edu.cn/, the Chinese EEG Brain Consortium portal).Significance. These findings suggest that the proposed QA pipeline may be a stable and promising approach for quantitative EEG signal quality assessment in large-scale EEG studies.

Human IL-17 and TNF-α Additively or Synergistically Regulate the Expression of Proinflammatory Genes, Coagulation-Related Genes, and Tight Junction Genes in Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cells.

Immune rejection is the major limitation for porcine xenograft survival in primate recipients. Proinflammatory cytokines play important roles in immune rejection and have been found to mediate the pathological effects in various clinical and experimental transplantation trials. IL-17 and TNF-α play critical pathological roles in immune disorders, such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the pathological roles of human IL-17 (hIL-17) and human TNF-α (hTNF-α) in xenotransplantation remain unclear. Here we found that hIL-17 and hTNF-α additively or synergistically regulate the expression of 697 genes in porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAECs). Overall, 415 genes were found to be synergistically regulated, while 282 genes were found to be additively regulated. Among these, 315 genes were upregulated and 382 genes were downregulated in PAECs. Furthermore, we found that hIL-17 and hTNF-α additively or synergistically induced the expression of various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (e.g., IL1α, IL6, and CXCL8) and decreased the expression of certain anti-inflammatory genes (e.g., IL10). Moreover, hIL-17 plus hTNF-α increased the expression of IL1R1 and IL6ST, receptors for IL1 and IL6, respectively, and decreased anti-inflammatory gene receptor expression (IL10R). hIL-17 and hTNF-α synergistically or additively induced CXCL8 and CCL2 expression and consequently promoted primary human neutrophil and human leukemia monocytic cell migration, respectively. In addition, hIL-17 and hTNF-α induced pro-coagulation gene (SERPINB2 and F3) expression and decreased anti-coagulation gene (TFPI, THBS1, and THBD) expression. Additionally, hIL-17 and hTNF-α synergistically decreased occludin expression and consequently promoted human antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Interestingly, hTNF-α increased swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) class I expression; however, hIL-17 decreased TNF-α-mediated SLA-I upregulation. We concluded that hIL-17 and hTNF-α likely promote the inflammatory response, coagulation cascade, and xenoantibody-mediated cell injury. Thus, blockade of hIL-17 and hTNF-α together might be beneficial for xenograft survival in recipients.

Susceptibility of five different sizes of pathogenfree Litopenaeus vannamei to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by intramuscular inoculation.

White spot syndrome virus (WWSV) has become one of the most widespread causes of mortality in commercial shrimp farming. In the present study, we used PCR to determine the shrimp infectious dose 50% endpoint (SID50 ml-1) of a Chinese isolate of WSSV in 5 different sizes of pathogen-free Litopenaeus vannamei inoculated intramuscularly. The lethal dose 50% endpoint (LD50 ml-1) was also determined from the percentage of dead shrimp. The LD50 ml-1 for 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 cm shrimp were 104.68, 105.7, 106.70, 107.75, and 108.81, respectively, and the SID50 ml-1 were 104.68, 105.70, 106.90, 107.75, and 108.94, respectively. There was no significant difference between the LD50 ml-1 and SID50 ml-1 for each shrimp size, which indicated that all infected shrimp died. The lethal and infectious titer decreased about 1 log10 as shrimp size decreased 1 grade. These data clearly indicate that adult shrimp were more susceptible to WSSV than juvenile shrimp. The horizontal comparison showed that the amount of virus in the shrimp organs increased over the experimental period. The vertical comparison showed that virus quantity was lowest in the organs of 10 cm shrimp and highest in 2 cm shrimp, which indicates that the smaller shrimp had higher levels of viral replication. Hence, the optimal size for WSSV challenge in shrimp inoculated intramuscularly was 2 cm. The determination of virus titers in different sizes of shrimp represents a step towards creating strategies to reduce the negative impacts of WSSV in the aquaculture industry.

[Design of noninvasive measuring system of isovolumetric bladder pressure based on penile cuff pressure].

Seeing that the invasive measuring technique has many disadvantages, we have designed a noninvasive technical system for measuring isovolumetric bladder pressure by controlled inflation of a penile cuff. This system is easy-to-use and the measuring result provides quantitative information on isovolumetric bladder pressure during voiding. The doctor can discriminate obstruction from non-obstruction according to the data of measurement and flow rate.

[The design of preoperative multipurpose coloclyster for the neonatal giant colons].

This paper proposes a designing concept of a multipurpose coloclyster for neonates, and introduces its structure and functions of its components in detail. The clinical application of this instrument will reduce the labour intensity of medical personnels, shorten the time of preoperative preparation and lessen complication of the patients.

[Telemedicine and telecommunication vehicle].

This paper introduces remote Computed Tomography van, telemedicine and telecommunication vehicle.