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1.
Med Vet Entomol ; 37(4): 865-870, 2023 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37341627

RESUMEN

Melophagus ovinus is a hematophagous insect that is distributed worldwide and plays a crucial role in transmitting disease-causing pathogens. From June 2021 to March 2022, a total of 370 M. ovinus were collected from 11 sampling points in southern Xinjiang, China. The specimens were identified using morphological and molecular analyses. Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasma ovis were detected from all the samples using seven Rickettsia-specific genetic markers and the msp-4 gene of A. ovis. Approximately 11% of the M. ovinus specimens were positive for Rickettsia spp., and Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae was the most predominant species (35/41; 85.4%), while R. massiliae was least prevalent (6/41; 14.6%). Approximately 10.5% (39/370) of the M. ovinus specimens were positive for A. ovis of genotype III, which was co-detected with Candidatus R. barbariae in M. ovinus (3/370; 0.8%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the detection of R. massiliae and Candidatus R. barbariae in M. ovinus globally. The detection and control of insect-borne diseases originating from M. ovinus should be strengthened in southern Xinjiang, an area important to animal husbandry and production.


Asunto(s)
Anaplasma ovis , Dípteros , Rickettsia , Animales , Ovinos , Rickettsia/genética , Filogenia , Dípteros/microbiología , China , Anaplasma
2.
Chin J Integr Med ; 28(9): 794-801, 2022 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35023060

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Shenfu Injection (, SFI) on endothelial damage in a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock (HS). METHODS: After being bled to a mean arterial pressure of 40±3 mm Hg and held for 60 min, 32 pigs were treated with a venous injection of either shed blood (transfusion group), shed blood and saline (saline group), shed blood and SFI (SFI group) or without resuscitation (sham group). Venous blood samples were collected and analyzed at baseline and 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after HS. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), serum interleuking (IL)-6, and IL-10 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); expressions of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM -1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 proteins were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: The serum level of TNF-α in the SFI group was significantly lower than in the other groups at 0, 1, and 2 h after HS, while the level of IL-6 was lower at 4 and 6 h compared with the saline group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The concentration of serum IL-10 was significantly higher in the SFI group than in the other groups at 0, 1, 4, and 6 h after HS (P<0.01). Western blot and immunohistochemistry of vascular tissue showed that the expression of caspase-3 was downregulated, and that of Bcl-2 and Bax was upregulated in the SFI group compared to other groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: SFI attenuated endothelial injury in the porcine model of HS by inhibiting cell apoptosis, suppressing the formation of proinflammatory cytokines, and reducing endothelial activation.


Asunto(s)
Choque Hemorrágico , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , Animales , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Interleucina-10 , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Choque Hemorrágico/tratamiento farmacológico , Porcinos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/metabolismo
3.
J Vet Res ; 65(2): 155-160, 2021 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34250299

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: It is very important to monitor the infection of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae as a potential threat to the sheep industry. Southern Xinjiang is a major sheep breeding base in China, however, there is no relevant information concerning the infection of the region's ovine stock with this bacteria at present. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 824 nasal swabs and the lungs of six sheep that died of pneumonia were collected in four regions between 2018 and 2020. Primers specific for M. ovipneumoniae and universal ones for the genus were used for PCR. Sequencing was undertaken of 159 universal primer-positive samples (153 nasal swabs and 6 lungs) and of 84 specific primer-positive samples (80 nasal swabs, 20 per region; and 4 lungs, 1 per region). The lungs were also sampled for the isolation of M. ovipneumoniae. A phylogenetic tree based on partial sequences of the Mycoplasma 16S rRNA gene was built. RESULTS: The overall nasal swab positive rate for M. ovipneumoniae was 40.78%; the rate of animals older than 12 months was significantly different to those of younger sheep (< 3 months, 53.39%; 3 - 12 months, 46.01%; >12 months, 31.76%). Four strains of M. ovipneumoniae were isolated from six lungs. Phylogenetic analysis indicated their origin outside southern Xinjiang. Two other species were also detected: M. arginine and M. conjunctivae. CONCLUSION: Our survey indicated that a high level of M. ovipneumoniae asymptomatic colonisation in sheep, especially in lambs, affects southern Xinjiang and also confirmed the existence of M. conjunctivae and M. arginine. Our results showed that the health of sheep in southern Xinjiang is facing a great threat, and relevant prevention and control measures should be strengthened.

4.
Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag ; 9(2): 136-145, 2019 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30239278

RESUMEN

To investigate the different effects of mild hypothermia on pathological and physiological stress conditions in piglets, 30 pigs were randomized into four groups: cardiac arrest and mild hypothermia (CA-MH group), cardiac arrest and normothermia (CA-NH group), non-CA-MH (NCA-MH group), and a sham operation. The same hypothermia intervention was implemented in both CA-MH and NCA-MH groups. The CA-NH group did not undergo therapeutic hypothermia after resuscitation. The hemodynamic parameters were recorded. Cerebral metabolism variables and neurotransmitters in the extracellular fluid were collected through microdialysis tubes. The serum of venous blood was used to detect levels of inflammatory factors. The cerebral function was evaluated. At 24 and 72 hours after resuscitation, the cerebral performance category and neurological deficit score in the CA-NH group had higher values. Heart rate and cardiac output (CO) in the CA-MH group during cooling were lower than that of the CA-NH group, but CO was higher after rewarming. Glucose was higher during cooling, and extracellular lactate and lactate/pyruvate ratio in the CA-MH group were lower than that of the CA-NH group. Noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the CA-MH and NCA-MH groups were lower than that of the CA-NH group and sham group during cooling, respectively. Inflammatory factor levels, including interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α, in the CA-MH group were lower than that of the CA-NH group at cooling for 12 hours. These values in the NCA-MH group were higher than that of the sham group. Under a light and an electron microscope, the worse pathological results of heart and brain were observed in the two cardiac arrest groups. Mild hypothermia can provide limited organ protection in the specific pathological condition caused by ischemia-reperfusion, but it may produce a negative effect in a normal physiological state.


Asunto(s)
Regulación de la Temperatura Corporal , Lesiones Encefálicas/prevención & control , Encéfalo/irrigación sanguínea , Circulación Cerebrovascular , Paro Cardíaco/terapia , Hemodinámica , Hipotermia Inducida/métodos , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & control , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Biomarcadores/sangre , Glucemia/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Lesiones Encefálicas/sangre , Lesiones Encefálicas/patología , Lesiones Encefálicas/fisiopatología , Citocinas/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Paro Cardíaco/sangre , Paro Cardíaco/patología , Paro Cardíaco/fisiopatología , Hipotermia Inducida/efectos adversos , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Masculino , Miocardio/metabolismo , Miocardio/patología , Daño por Reperfusión/sangre , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Daño por Reperfusión/fisiopatología , Sus scrofa , Factores de Tiempo
5.
Acta Cir Bras ; 32(7): 523-532, 2017 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28793036

RESUMEN

PURPOSE:: To investigate the effect of intravascular cooling on renal function after resuscitation. METHODS:: Twenty four pigs were randomized into three groups (n=8 in each group): therapeutic hypothermia group (TH group), normothermia group (NH group) and sham operation group (SHAM group). After 6 minutes of untreated VF, CPR was performed. Upon ROSC, the TH group received the intravascular cooling. The NH and SHAM group did not undergo therapeutic hypothermia. Haemodynamic parameters were recorded. The bloods were analyzed for serum creatinine (sCr), CysC and NGAL. The kidney was surgically removed observe pathologic changes under a light microscope. RESULTS:: The sCr increased in both TH and NH groups after ROSC, compared to baseline. Between two groups, the sCr and creatinine clearance (Cc) showed lower level in the TH group. The urine volume per hour in the TH group were higher during cooling. After resuscitation, NGAL and CysC in the NH group were higher than in the TH group. Under the light microscope, compared with the TH group, the renal injury was prominent in the NH group. CONCLUSION:: Mild hypothermia had a protection to renal ischemia reperfusion injury after resuscitation.


Asunto(s)
Reanimación Cardiopulmonar/efectos adversos , Hipotermia Inducida/métodos , Riñón/fisiopatología , Daño por Reperfusión/terapia , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Masculino , Distribución Aleatoria , Daño por Reperfusión/etiología , Daño por Reperfusión/fisiopatología , Porcinos
6.
Acta cir. bras ; 32(7): 523-532, July 2017. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-886215

RESUMEN

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of intravascular cooling on renal function after resuscitation. Methods: Twenty four pigs were randomized into three groups (n=8 in each group): therapeutic hypothermia group (TH group), normothermia group (NH group) and sham operation group (SHAM group). After 6 minutes of untreated VF, CPR was performed. Upon ROSC, the TH group received the intravascular cooling. The NH and SHAM group did not undergo therapeutic hypothermia. Haemodynamic parameters were recorded. The bloods were analyzed for serum creatinine (sCr), CysC and NGAL. The kidney was surgically removed observe pathologic changes under a light microscope. Results: The sCr increased in both TH and NH groups after ROSC, compared to baseline. Between two groups, the sCr and creatinine clearance (Cc) showed lower level in the TH group. The urine volume per hour in the TH group were higher during cooling. After resuscitation, NGAL and CysC in the NH group were higher than in the TH group. Under the light microscope, compared with the TH group, the renal injury was prominent in the NH group. Conclusion: Mild hypothermia had a protection to renal ischemia reperfusion injury after resuscitation.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Daño por Reperfusión/terapia , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar/efectos adversos , Hipotermia Inducida/métodos , Riñón/fisiopatología , Porcinos , Daño por Reperfusión/etiología , Daño por Reperfusión/fisiopatología , Distribución Aleatoria , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad
7.
Am J Emerg Med ; 35(11): 1645-1652, 2017 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28521971

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: We utilized a porcine cardiac arrest model to compare early sequential hypothermia (ESH) with delayed hypothermia (DH) and no hypothermia (NH) to investigate the different effects on cerebral function after resuscitation. METHODS: After return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), resuscitated 24 pigs divided into three groups. The ESH group implemented early sequential hypothermia immediately, and the DH group implemented delayed hypothermia at 1 h after ROSC. The core temperature, hemodynamic parameters and oxygen metabolism were recorded. Cerebral metabolism variables and neurotransmitter in the extracellular fluid were collected through the microdialysis tubes. The bloods were analyzed for venous jugular bulb oxygen saturation, lactate and neuron specific nolase. The cerebral function was evaluated using the cerebral performance category and neurologic deficit score at 72h after ROSC and cerebral histology in the right posterior frontal lobe were collected. RESULTS: ESH reached the target temperature earlier and showed more favorable outcomes of neurological function than DH. Specifically, early sequential hypothermia reduced cerebral oxygen and energy consumption and decreased extracellular accumulation of neurotransmitters after resuscitation and protected the integrity of the BBB during reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Early sequential hypothermia could increase the protection of neurological function after resuscitation and produce better neurological outcomes. The institutional protocol number: 2010-D-013.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar , Lóbulo Frontal/patología , Paro Cardíaco/terapia , Hipotermia Inducida/métodos , Animales , Encéfalo/irrigación sanguínea , Encéfalo/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Dopamina/metabolismo , Glucosa/metabolismo , Glicerol/metabolismo , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Masculino , Microdiálisis , Neurotransmisores/metabolismo , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Fosfopiruvato Hidratasa/metabolismo , Sus scrofa , Porcinos , Factores de Tiempo
8.
Chin Med J (Engl) ; 128(22): 3076-82, 2015 Nov 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26608989

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Shen-Fu injection (SFI) can attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury, protect cardiac function, and improve microcirculation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We hypothesized that SFI may also have an influence on myocardial metabolism during ventricular fibrillation (VF). In this study, we used SFI pretreatment prior to VF to discuss the changes of myocardial metabolism and catecholamine (CA) levels during untreated VF, trying to provide new evidence to the protection of SFI to myocardium. METHODS: Twenty-four pigs were divided into three groups: Saline group (SA group), SFI group, and SHAM operation group (SHAM group). Thirty minutes prior to the induction of VF, the SFI group received 0.24 mg/ml SFI through an intravenous injection; the SA group received an equal amount of sodium chloride solution. The interstitial fluid from the left ventricle (LV) wall was collected through the microdialysis tubes during VF. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and Na + -K + -ATPase and Ca2 + -ATPase enzyme activities were measured after untreated VF. Peak-to-trough VF amplitude and median frequency were analyzed for each of these 5-s intervals. RESULTS: The levels of glucose and glutamate were lower after VF in both the SA and SFI groups, compared with baseline, and the levels in the SFI group were higher than those in the SA group. Compared with baseline, the levels of lactate and the lactate/pyruvate ratio increased after VF in both SA and SFI groups, and the levels in the SFI group were lower than those in the SA group. In both the SA and SFI groups, the levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine increased significantly. There were no statistical differences between the two groups. The content of ATP, ADP, and phosphocreatine in the SFI group was higher than those in the SA group. The activity of LV Na + -K + -ATPase was significantly higher in the SFI group than in the SA group. Amplitude mean spectrum area (AMSA) was significantly lower in the SA and SFI groups at 8- and 12-min compared with 4-min. The AMSA in the SFI group was higher than that in the SA group at each time point during untreated VF. CONCLUSIONS: SFI pretreatment can improve myocardial metabolism and reduce energy exhaustion during VF, and it does not aggravate the excessive secretion of endogenous CAs.


Asunto(s)
Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Miocardio/metabolismo , Fibrilación Ventricular/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrilación Ventricular/metabolismo , Animales , Catecolaminas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/administración & dosificación , Metabolismo Energético , Líquido Extracelular/metabolismo , Femenino , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Masculino , Porcinos
10.
Chin Med J (Engl) ; 126(12): 2348-53, 2013 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23786952

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The effects of chest compressions to hemodynamic and respiratory parameters during hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a non-arrested patient who suddenly collapses are confusing. In this research, we investigated the effects of chest compressions in a non-arrested porcine model. METHODS: Fourteen male domestic pigs were randomized into sham control group (SHAM group, only anesthetized and instrumented without chest compression, n = 6) or chest compression group (CC group, 2 minutes of chest compressions, n = 8). Continuous hemodynamic parameters, dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), and blood gas analysis outcomes were recorded. Serum levels of catecholamine were measured at baseline and 2 minutes, 30 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours after chest compressions. Chest computed tomography (CT) was performed at 30 minutes and 24 hours. Conventional histopathology evaluation was performed. RESULTS: After two minutes of chest compressions in the CC group, heart rate and extravascular lung water increased significantly; mean arterial pressure, stroke volume, and global ejection fraction significantly decreased. Cdyn significantly decreased to valley levels at 30 minutes and slowly recovered. Compared with the baseline, serum levels of catecholamine significantly increased at 2 minutes and rapidly decreased 24 hours later. At 30 minutes after chest compressions, chest CT showed local exudation, which was absorbed 24 hours later. CONCLUSIONS: This research showed that 2 minutes of chest compressions causes various heart and lung tissue damage in the normal a normal porcine model. It also impacts the hemodynamic and Cdyn.


Asunto(s)
Reanimación Cardiopulmonar , Masaje Cardíaco , Hemodinámica , Rendimiento Pulmonar , Animales , Catecolaminas/sangre , Agua Pulmonar Extravascular , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Masculino , Modelos Animales , Porcinos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X
11.
Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue ; 25(2): 106-8, 2013 Feb.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23648163

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of ulinastatin (UTI) on improving inflammatory response and myocardial and lung tissue injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in porcine model. METHODS: Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced in 20 female pigs by programmed stimulation method. CPR was begun 8 minutes after VF. Pigs with recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were randomly divided into two groups: group UTI, UTI was given immediately after resuscitation, with 100 kU dissolved in 5 ml of normal saline by slow intravenous injection every 3 hours, up to 24 hours after resuscitation. In control group, 5 ml of normal saline was given with same delivery time and frequency as that in the UTI group. Before VF, immediately after ROSC, 3 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours after ROSC, samples of venous blood were collected for examination of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), using the enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (ELISA) method. The pigs were sacrificed at 24 hours after ROSC for myocardium and lung pathological and ultrastructural examinations. RESULTS: Among a total of 20 domestic pigs, 15 pigs were successfully resuscitated after 8-minute VF. Eight pigs in UTI group and 7 pigs in control group survived for 24 hours. Pro-inflammatory factors of the both groups were increased gradually after ROSC. Levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were not significant different between UTI and control groups before VF and immediately after ROSC. But TNF-α and IL-1ß levels were significantly lower in the UTI group than those of the control group beginning from 3 hours after ROSC (TNF-α: 28.79±9.49 ng/L vs. 44.01±17.01 ng/L, IL-1ß: 153.50±67.47 ng/L vs. 252.09±80.41 ng/L, both P<0.05); ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels were significantly lower in the UTI group than those of the control group from 12 hours after ROSC (ICAM-1: 11.05±5.11 µg/L vs. 17.09±5.69 µg/L, VCAM-1: 11.17±4.75 µg/L vs. 16.62±4.63 µg/L, both P<0.05). The myocardium and lung injuries at 24 hours after ROSC were significantly milder in UTI group than that of the control group. CONCLUSION: UTI can significantly reduce the pro-inflammatory reaction and the extent of myocardial and lung tissue injury after resuscitation.


Asunto(s)
Reanimación Cardiopulmonar , Glicoproteínas/farmacología , Lesiones Cardíacas/prevención & control , Inflamación/prevención & control , Lesión Pulmonar/prevención & control , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Intercelular/sangre , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Porcinos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Celular Vascular/sangre
12.
Crit Care Med ; 41(1): 102-10, 2013 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23269128

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The destruction of the pulmonary structure after cardiopulmonary resuscitation may lead to lung function breakdown. The aim of this study was to investigate lung function after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the influence of rescue breathing on lung function. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized animal study. SETTING: A university animal research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Twenty-eight male domestic pigs weighing 30 ± 2 kg. INTERVENTIONS: The animals were randomized into three groups: continuous compressions (n = 12), 30:2 compression/rescue ventilation cardiopulmonary resuscitation (n = 12), and sham cardiopulmonary resuscitation (n = 4). Ventricular fibrillation was induced in the continuous compressions and compression/rescue ventilation groups. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Cardiac output, extravascular lung water, and airway resistance were measured at baseline and 1, 2, and 4 hrs after restoration of spontaneous circulation. Thoracopulmonary compliance, lower inflection point, and dead space were calculated. Lung ventilation/perfusion scans with Tc were performed 48 hrs before the experiment and 24 hrs after restoration of spontaneous circulation. Conventional histopathology evaluation was performed. Dead space, airway resistance, lower inflection point, and extravascular lung water significantly increased and compliance decreased after restoration of spontaneous circulation in the continuous compressions and compression/rescue ventilation groups. Lung injury was more severe in the continuous compressions group. Significant differences were found between the two groups in the three time points after restoration of spontaneous circulation (p < 0.05). Variables of the sham cardiopulmonary resuscitation group remained stable during the whole protocol. Poor ventilation/perfusion and mismatch were found after restoration of spontaneous circulation, but the injury was mitigated in the compression/rescue ventilation group. Histopathology injury in the compression/rescue ventilation group was also improved. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate rescue breathing during cardiopulmonary resuscitation does not influence the prognosis of cardiac arrest or the hemodynamics after restoration of spontaneous circulation but can improve lung function and alleviate lung injury.


Asunto(s)
Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/prevención & control , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Paro Cardíaco/terapia , Respiración con Presión Positiva , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/etiología , Animales , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar/efectos adversos , Hemodinámica , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Distribución Aleatoria , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Porcinos
13.
Chin Med J (Engl) ; 125(20): 3606-11, 2012 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23075711

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The influences of intrathoracic pressure (ITP) to hemodynamic and respiratory parameters during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are confusing. In this research, we investigated the phasic changes of ITP during CPR and reveal the relationships among the hemodynamics, respiratory parameters, and ITP. METHODS: After 8 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation, which was induced in twenty intubated male domestic pigs, 12 minutes of 30: 2 CPR was performed. Continuous respiratory variables, hemodynamics, ITP and blood gas analysis were measured during CPR. After that, defibrillation was done and prognostic indicators after CPR was recorded. RESULTS: Average ITP at baseline was -(14.1 ± 1.6) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa). When gasping inspirations were going on, it decreased sharply to near -50 mmHg. ITP fluctuated up and down quickly from near -20 mmHg to 20 mmHg when compressions were performed. These phasic changes became mild as the CPR was performed, the contrast of high and low ITP decreased to (12.95 ± 2.91) mmHg at the end of 12 minutes of CPR. Total alveolus minute volume decreased too, because of the decrease of compression and gasp related ventilations. Curve correlation was found between the tidal volume of compression and ITP: ITP = 607.33/(1 + 3134 × e(-0.58 × TV)), (e: natural constant, R(2) = 0.895). Negative correlations were found between the right atrial diastolic pressure and ITP (r = -0.753, P < 0.01); and positive correlations were found between the coronary perfusion pressure and ITP (r = 0.626, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: ITP is one of the key factors which can influence the prognosis of CPR. Correlations were found between the changes of ITP and the tidal volumes of compressions, right atrial diastolic pressure and coronary perfusion pressure during CPR. More positive ITP during compression and more negative during decompression were good to ventilation and perfusion.


Asunto(s)
Reanimación Cardiopulmonar , Paro Cardíaco/fisiopatología , Hemodinámica , Animales , Análisis de los Gases de la Sangre , Paro Cardíaco/terapia , Masculino , Presión , Respiración , Sus scrofa
14.
Chin Med J (Engl) ; 125(20): 3612-8, 2012 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23075712

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Respiratory failure is the main cause of death in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. In this study, a pulse-induced contour cardiac output monitor was used to evaluate the respiratory status in a pig model of acute dichlorvos poisoning. METHODS: Twenty female pigs were randomly allocated to dichlorvos (n = 7), atropine (n = 7), and control (n = 6) groups. In the dichlorvos group, pigs were administered 80% emulsifiable dichlorvos (100 mg/kg) via a gastric tube. In the atropine group, pigs were similarly administered dichlorvos, and 0.5 hours later, atropine was injected to attain and maintain atropinization. The control group was administered saline solution. Arterial blood gas was measured at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours post-injection. The extravascular lung water index and pulmonary vascular permeability index were recorded by the pulse-induced contour cardiac output monitor. At termination of the study, the animals were euthanized, the lung wet-to-dry weight ratio was determined, and histopathology was observed. RESULTS: In the dichlorvos group, the extravascular lung water index and pulmonary vascular permeability index were substantially increased from 0.5 hours and were particularly high within 1 hour. In the atropine group, these indices increased initially, but decreased from the 1-hour mark. The control group exhibited no obvious changes. In both the dichlorvos and atropine groups, the extravascular lung water index was negatively correlated with partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspiration oxygen (PO2/FiO2) and positively correlated with the pulmonary vascular permeability index. Compared with the control group, the lung wet-to-dry weight ratio markedly increased and the histopathological findings obviously changed in the dichlorvos group, but only mildly increased and changed, respectively, in the atropine group. CONCLUSION: The extravascular lung water index is an appropriate and valuable parameter for assessment of respiratory function in acute dichlorvos poisoning.


Asunto(s)
Diclorvos/toxicidad , Insecticidas/envenenamiento , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/inducido químicamente , Acetilcolinesterasa/sangre , Enfermedad Aguda , Animales , Agua Pulmonar Extravascular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Pulmón/patología , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/patología , Porcinos
15.
Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med ; 20: 59, 2012 Sep 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22938018

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The use of mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has great potential for the clinical setting. The purpose of present study is to compare the hemodynamics and ventilation during and after the load-distributing band CPR, versus the manual CPR in a porcine model of prolonged cardiac arrest, and to investigate the influence of rescue breathing in different CPR protocols. METHODS: Sixty-four male pigs (n = 16/group), weighing 30 ± 2 kg, were induced ventricular fibrillation and randomized into four resuscitation groups: continuous load-distributing band CPR without rescue ventilation (C-CPR), load-distributing band 30:2 CPR (A-CPR), load-distributing band CPR with continuous rescue breathing (10/min) (V-CPR) or manual 30:2 CPR (M-CPR). Respiratory variables and hemodynamics were recorded continuously; blood gas was analyzed. RESULTS: Tidal volume produced by compressions in the A-, C- and V-CPR groups were significantly higher compared with the M-CPR group (all p < 0.05). Coronary perfusion pressure of the V-CPR group was significantly lower than the C-CPR group (p < 0.01), but higher than the M-CPR group. The increasing of lung dead space after restoration of spontaneous circulation was significantly greater in the M-CPR group compared with the A-, C- and V-CPR groups (p < 0.01). Blood pH gradually decreased and was lower in the M-CPR group than that in the A-, C- and V-CPR groups (p < 0.01). PaO2 of the A-, C- and V-CPR groups were significantly higher and PaCO2 were significantly lower compared with the M-CPR (both p < 0.05). Cerebral performance categories were better in the A-, C- and V-CPR groups compared with the M-CPR group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The load-distributing band CPR significantly improved respiratory parameters during resuscitation by augmenting passive ventilation, and significantly improved coronary perfusion pressure. The volume of ventilation produced by the load-distributing band CPR was adequate to maintain sufficient gas exchange independent of rescue breathing.


Asunto(s)
Reanimación Cardiopulmonar/instrumentación , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Paro Cardíaco/fisiopatología , Paro Cardíaco/terapia , Animales , Análisis de los Gases de la Sangre , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar/normas , Circulación Coronaria/fisiología , Hemodinámica , Rendimiento Pulmonar , Masculino , Presión , Intercambio Gaseoso Pulmonar , Control de Calidad , Porcinos , Volumen de Ventilación Pulmonar
16.
Bing Du Xue Bao ; 26(3): 234-7, 2010 May.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20572346

RESUMEN

Four hundreds and ninety sheep sera from seven breeds raised at eight counties and one city of Aksu region in Xinjiang were tested by ELISA for the presence of antibodies against hepatitis E virus (HEV), and the positive rate differences were compared based on administrative areas, breeds and age by Chi-square test. The result showed that the general positive rate was 28.98% (142/490), the positive rate were 35.44% (28/79), 29.67% (27/91), 20% (4/20), 40% (12/30), 32.5% (26/80), 38% (19/50), 22.5% (9/40), 8% (4/50) and 26% (13/50) respectively in eight counties and one city, there was a significant difference between Xayar and other administrative areas (P<0.01); there was also a significant difference among age ranges (P<0.01), being 38.75% (31/80) over 2 years old, 15.45% (17/110) below 1 year old; The seroprevalence was still related to breeds, i. e. there was a significant difference between Mongolia sheep and other breeds (P<0.01). From these data, it is confirmed that there is a possibility of previous and potential infection of sheep HEV in Aksu region of Xinjiang Autonomous.


Asunto(s)
Virus de la Hepatitis E/fisiología , Hepatitis E/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/virología , Ovinos/virología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , China/epidemiología , Hepatitis E/epidemiología , Hepatitis E/transmisión , Hepatitis E/virología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Ovinos/sangre , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/transmisión
17.
Am J Emerg Med ; 27(7): 823-9, 2009 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19683111

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Chest compressions performed by some medical workers are of poor quality, which are too few and shallow with incomplete release. This study was designed to compare the effects of these clinical quality chest compressions with standard manual chest compressions in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. METHODS: Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 18 pigs by programed electrical stimulation. Then, 40 mg methylene blue was injected into right atrium after 4 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation (VF), followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 9 minutes. Defibrillation was attempted at 13 minutes of cardiac arrest. Animals of no restoration of spontaneous circulation after 4 times of defibrillations were announced dead and dissected immediately to observe the cerebral perfusion with methylene blue coloration. Resuscitated animals were executed to remove the tissues of pallium, cardiac muscle, kidney, and liver for histopathology after evaluating a porcine Cerebral Performance Category score at 24 hours after cardiac arrest. All animals were randomized to the following 2 groups: (1) standard manual chest compressions group (n = 9)-chest compression rates were kept at 100 +/- 5 cpm and compression depth at 50 +/- 1 mm with complete release by Heartstart MRx Monitor; (2) clinical quality chest compressions group (n = 9)-chest compression rates were kept at 80 +/- 5 cpm and compression depth at 37 +/- 1 mm with incomplete release. RESULTS: Compared with clinical quality chest compressions, standard manual chest compressions produced greater restoration of spontaneous circulation, neurologically normal 24-hour survival, and histopathologic findings. CONCLUSIONS: High-quality chest compressions improve outcomes of resuscitation, especially postresuscitation brain damage.


Asunto(s)
Paro Cardíaco/terapia , Masaje Cardíaco/métodos , Animales , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Paro Cardíaco/fisiopatología , Hemodinámica , Masculino , Porcinos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Fibrilación Ventricular/terapia
18.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 89(39): 2744-7, 2009 Oct 27.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20137594

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Xue Bijing injection in related proinflammatory factors and blood coagulation factors of vascular endothelial cell in severe septic patients. METHODS: Fifty-two patients were randomly divided into Xue Bijing injection treatment group (Group B) and control group (Group A). Both groups were treated with routine integration treatment, and additionally, patients in Group B received Xue Bijing injection 100 ml intravenous once a day for 7 days while those in Group A received an equal quantity of normal saline as placebo. The changes of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, NO, AT-III, TM, TPA, VWF and PAI-1 in blood serum were tested at Day 0, 3, 7. And the mortality was calculated at Day 28. RESULTS: The 28-day mortality rate was 32.1% (9/28) in Group B while that of Group A was 62.5% (15/24). There was a significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). The concentrations of blood serum VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were significantly lower in Group B than Group A. And the concentrations of blood serum NO, AT-III, TM, TPA, VWF and PAI-1 were significantly higher in Group B than Group A. CONCLUSION: Xue Bijing injection improves a patient's condition and reduces 28-day mortality of severe septic patients. The reason may be that it can stabilize vascular endothelial cell to improve serious inflammatory reaction and blood coagulation dysfunction.


Asunto(s)
Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Inflamación , Fitoterapia , Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Factores de Coagulación Sanguínea/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sepsis/sangre , Sepsis/fisiopatología
19.
Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue ; 20(8): 469-71, 2008 Aug.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18687173

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of quality of non-standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (N-CPR) and new guidelines recommended standard CPR (S-CPR) on post-resuscitation inflammatory reaction in a cardiac arrest (CA) porcine model. METHODS: Eighteen pigs were randomly divided into two groups, and ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced by programmed electrical stimulation after giving anesthesia, intubation tube and mechanical ventilation. S-CPR (n=9): CPR was consistent with recommendation of the 2005 guidelines. N-CPR (n=9): given CPR with low quality CPR usually instituted in clinic. After 4 minutes of untreated VF, CPR was started for 9 minutes. Defibrillation and advanced life support were attempted at 13 minutes of CA. All resuscitated animals were supported with intensive care equipment for 4 hours, and then experimental indexes were observed. Animals were sacrificed if they survived for 24 hours, and tissues of cerebral cortex, cardiac muscle, kidney, and liver were harvested for immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of nuclear factor-KappaB (NF-KappaB). The changes in hemodynamics was measured at CPR 3, 6, and 9 minutes, and the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) were determined before CA, CPR 9 minutes, and 4 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). RESULTS: Compared with N-CPR, S-CPR resulted in a significantly higher ROSC (22.2% vs. 88.9%) and 24-hour survival rate (22.2% vs. 88.9%, both P<0.05), and significant improved cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at CPR 3, 6, 9 minutes (all P<0.01) . S-CPR also yielded lower serum values of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and lower expression of NF-KappaB at CPR 9 minutes and ROSC 4 hours. CONCLUSION: High quality CPR not only improves survival of CA pigs, but also alleviates post-resuscitation inflammatory reaction.


Asunto(s)
Reanimación Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Paro Cardíaco/terapia , Fibrilación Ventricular/terapia , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Paro Cardíaco/metabolismo , Paro Cardíaco/fisiopatología , Hemodinámica , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Masculino , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Distribución Aleatoria , Porcinos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Fibrilación Ventricular/metabolismo , Fibrilación Ventricular/fisiopatología
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