The effect of extraction methods on the components and quality of Camellia oleifera oil: Focusing on the flavor and lipidomics.

The objective of this study was to systematically elucidate the effects of conventional (Cold Pressing, CP; Hot Pressing, HP; Soxhlet Extraction; SE) and novel methods (Microwave-Assisted Extraction, MAE) on the physicochemical properties, bio-active substances, flavor and lipidomics of Camellia oleifera oil (COO). The cold-pressed COO contained the highest contents of squalene (176.38 mg/kg), α-tocopherol (330.52 mg/kg), polyphenols (68.33 mg/kg) and phytosterols (2782.55 mg/kg). Oleic acid was observed as the predominant fatty acid with the content of approximately 80%. HS-GC-IMS identified 47 volatile compounds, including 11 aldehydes, 11 ketones, 11 alcohols, 2 acids, 8 esters, 2 pyrazines, 1 furan, and 1 thiophene. A total of 5 lipid classes and 30 lipid subclasses of 339 lipids were identifed, among which TGs and DGs were observed as the major lipids. In summary, both cold-pressed and microwave-assisted technologies provided high-quality COO with high content of bio-active substances and diglycerides/triglycerides.

The Effects of Two Different Multivitamins on Aging Mice.

Investigating anti-aging factors that is more effective than antioxidants has important theoretical significance and application value. In search for nutritional ingredients that are more effective in anti-aging, two different multivitamins (multivitamin-1 at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight [BW]/day; multivitamin-2 at a dose of 5.4 mg/kg BW/day) were administered to aging mice (N = 40) induced by D-galactose. The content or activity of the biochemical components associated with aging and anti-aging in the brain and the liver of the experimental mice was then determined for analysis of statistically significant difference among the groups. Results showed the mice in the aging model group exhibited obvious senility symptoms. However, the mice in the multivitamin-1 and multivitamin-2 groups were essentially similar to those of the control group, but were obviously better than the mice in the aging model group. Multivitamin-1 and multivitamin-2 decreased significantly the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity (P < 0.01), and increased significantly the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) (P < 0.01) in the brain and the liver of the aging mice. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the effects of the two multivitamins on the components associated with aging and anti-aging. In conclusions, this work showed that vitamins B1, B2, B6 and PP (Nicotinic acid or vitamin B3) play key roles in the anti-aging process of multivitamin-2. Vitamins B1, B2, B6, and PP are more effective nutrients in anti-aging in mice.

EFFECTS AND MECHANISMS OF A NEW MULTIVITAMIN ON CHRONIC METABOLIC SYNDROMES AND AGING.

BACKGROUND: Increased occurrence of chronic syndromes has prompted researchers to investigate and develop drugs and methods for controlling chronic syndromes with a view to improve human health and reduce early aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Human trials: After the allotted multivitamin pills or placebo pills had been taken for a stipulated period of about 2 months, the volunteers filled out feedback forms on curative effects of the pills in line with the health examination reports. The effects of the multivitamin on various symptoms or diseases and dysfunctions of the chronic metabolic syndromes were noted and evaluated based on the information provided in forms. Animal experiments: Mouse aging model induced by D-galactose were administered the multivitamin by oral gavage every morning. At the end of the sixth week, activity or content of the components associated with ageing and anti-aging in the brain and liver of the aging mice were determined to investigate the mechanisms of the new multivitamin on chronic metabolic syndromes and aging. RESULTS: We found that multivitamin can eliminate or attenuate 38 types of symptoms or dysfunctions of the investigated metabolic syndromes; and that it has both preventive and curative/adjunctive therapeutic effects on the metabolic syndromes. The effects of this multivitamin on components associated with aging and anti-aging were significantly decreased - malondialdehyde content and monoamine oxidase activity but significantly increased activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. This multivitamin has significant anti-aging effects. CONCLUSION: Supplementing with this multivitamin can prevent and provide treatment/adjunctive therapy for these chronic metabolic syndromes and delay the aging process. List of AbbreviationsBWbody weight; Cu/Zn-SOD, cuprum/zinc-superoxide dismutaseMAOmonoamine oxidaseMDAmalondialdehyde; Mn-SOD, manganese-superoxide dismutase; T-SOD, total superoxide dismutase; TP, total protein.

Antioxidant effect of peony seed oil on aging mice.

d-galactose was injected into mice of ages 4-5 months, and peony seed oil was administered using an oral gavage to assess its possible anti-aging functions. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of monoamine oxidase (MAO), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain and liver of these mice were determined using biochemical kits. The significance of the differences in the content of the components associated with aging and anti-aging among each group was analyzed statistically. The MDA content and activities of MAO in the brain and liver of mice in the peony seed oil group were significantly lower than those in the aging group. The activities of GSH-Px, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Mn-SOD in the brain and liver of mice in the peony seed oil group were very significantly higher than those in the aging group. Peony seed oil was determined to have an obvious anti-aging function.