RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis, disrupted intestinal barrier and chronic inflammation. Given the high and increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, anti-obesity treatments that are safe, effective and widely available would be beneficial. We examined whether the medicinal mushroom Antrodia cinnamomea may reduce obesity in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD for 8 weeks to induce obesity and chronic inflammation. The mice were treated with a water extract of A. cinnamomea (WEAC), and body weight, fat accumulation, inflammation markers, insulin sensitivity and the gut microbiota were monitored. RESULTS: After 8 weeks, the mean body weight of HFD-fed mice was 39.8±1.2 g compared with 35.8±1.3 g for the HFD+1% WEAC group, corresponding to a reduction of 4 g or 10% of body weight (P<0.0001). WEAC supplementation reduced fat accumulation and serum triglycerides in a statistically significant manner in HFD-fed mice. WEAC also reversed the effects of HFD on inflammation markers (interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α), insulin resistance and adipokine production (leptin and adiponectin). Notably, WEAC increased the expression of intestinal tight junctions (zonula occludens-1 and occludin) and antimicrobial proteins (Reg3g and lysozyme C) in the small intestine, leading to reduced blood endotoxemia. Finally, WEAC modulated the composition of the gut microbiota, reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increasing the level of Akkermansia muciniphila and other bacterial species associated with anti-inflammatory properties. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation with A. cinnamomea produces anti-obesogenic, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects in HFD-fed mice by maintaining intestinal integrity and modulating the gut microbiota.
Asunto(s)
Antrodia/química , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Disbiosis/dietoterapia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Inflamación/dietoterapia , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Disbiosis/fisiopatología , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Obesidad/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Although the evolution from low-dose rate (LDR) to high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy for malignant endobronchial tumors was presumably based on economy, patient convenience, and radiation protection, our experience with both modalities permits assessment of the pros and cons of each technique. In November 1991, our HDR remote afterloading brachytherapy unit became operational. By that time, we had treated 110 patients (group 1) with malignant endobronchial obstruction with LDR brachytherapy. Since then, all patients have been treated with HDR brachytherapy. The outcome of our first 110 patients (group 2) treated with HDR brachytherapy is presented in this communication, using group 1 as the historic control group. In group 1, patients were treated with 1 or 2 sessions of 30-60 Gy, each calculated at a 1-cm radius. In group 2, patients received 3 or 4 weekly treatments of 7 Gy, each calculated at a 1-cm radius. The majority of patients in each group had previously received a full course of external beam irradiation, and a history of laser bronchoscopy was also similar for the 2 groups. Differences in bronchoscopic response rate (82% vs. 96%, respectively) and complications (3.6% vs. 2.7%, respectively) were statistically insignificant between the LDR group and the HDR group. We believe HDR brachytherapy is the state-of-the-art modality in intraluminal therapy for endobronchial malignancies.
RESUMEN
Activated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor 1 (TNFR1) recruits TNFR1-associated death domain protein (TRADD), which in turn triggers two opposite signaling pathways leading to caspase activation for apoptosis induction and NF-kappaB activation for antiapoptosis gene upregulation. Here we show that Stat1 is involved in the TNFR1-TRADD signaling complex, as determined by employing a novel antibody array screening method. In HeLa cells, Stat1 was associated with TNFR1 and this association was increased with TNF-alpha treatment. TNFR1 signaling factors TRADD and Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) were also found to interact with Stat1 in a TNF-alpha-dependent process. Our in vitro recombinant protein-protein interaction studies demonstrated that Stat1 could directly interact with TNFR1 and TRADD but not with FADD. Interaction between Stat1 and receptor-interacting protein (RIP) or TNFR-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) was not detected. Examination of Stat1-deficient cells showed an apparent increase in TNF-alpha-induced TRADD-RIP and TRADD-TRAF2 complex formation, while interaction between TRADD and FADD was unaffected. As a consequence, TNF-alpha-mediated I-kappaB degradation and NF-kappaB activation were markedly enhanced in Stat1-deficient cells, whereas overexpression of Stat1 in 293T cells blocked NF-kappaB activation by TNF-alpha. Thus, Stat1 acts as a TNFR1-signaling molecule to suppress NF-kappaB activation.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Receptores del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Transactivadores/metabolismo , Antígenos CD/genética , Antígenos CD/inmunología , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Apoptosis/fisiología , Transporte Biológico , Proteínas Portadoras/inmunología , Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Línea Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Proteína de Dominio de Muerte Asociada a Fas , Humanos , Inmunoquímica/métodos , FN-kappa B/efectos de los fármacos , FN-kappa B/genética , Proteínas/genética , Proteínas/inmunología , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinasas de Interacción con Receptores , Receptores del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral/genética , Receptores del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral/inmunología , Receptores Tipo I de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción STAT1 , Factor 1 Asociado a Receptor de TNF , Factor 2 Asociado a Receptor de TNF , Activación Transcripcional/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Although the evolution from low dose rate to high dose rate brachytherapy for malignant endobronchial malignancies was primarily based on economy, patient convenience, and radiation protection, the difference in therapeutic index, if any, between these two modalities must be kept in mind. Our experience with both methods permits assessment of the feasibility of replacing low dose rate brachytherapy with high dose rate brachytherapy. Results with our first 110 patients (group 1) treated with low dose rate brachytherapy (133 procedures) were compared with results with our initial 59 consecutive patients (group 2) treated with high dose rate brachytherapy (161 procedures). In group 1, patients were treated with one or two sessions of 30-60 Gy each calculated at a 1 cm radius. In patients in group 2, we aimed at three weekly sessions of 7 Gy each calculated at a 1 cm radius. External beam irradiation therapy had previously been given to 88% of patients in group 1 and to 85% of patients in group 2. Laser bronchoscopy was performed in 36% of patients in group 1 and in 24% of patients in group 2 before brachytherapy. Clinical or bronchoscopic improvement was noted in 72% of patients in group 1 and in 85% of patients in group 2 (p > 0.05). Complication rates were low and comparable. Survival was similar in both groups (median < 6 months). Although both low dose rate and high dose rate brachytherapy appear equally effective in palliation for malignant endobronchial obstruction, we are now practicing the latter exclusively.
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Braquiterapia/métodos , Radioisótopos de Iridio/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Radioterapia de Alta Energía , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
We report a 20-year-old female with severe hypertension, hypokalemia, hyperaldosteronism and elevated level of plasma renin activity (PRA). The clinical diagnosis of renin secreting tumor of left kidney was made before surgery by the lateralization of plasma renin activity via selective renal venous blood sampling and CT scan of kidney. Prompt normalization of blood pressure and decrease of PRA and aldosterone levels were found after surgical removal of the tumor. The pathological findings showed a juxtaglomerular cell tumor.
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Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Hipertensión/etiología , Neoplasias Renales/metabolismo , Renina/metabolismo , Adulto , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
Coronary sinus catheterization is important in electrophysiologic study of patients with supraventricular tachycardia. It can provide an anatomic guide for localization of slow atrioventricular nodal pathway and accessory pathways in the posteroseptal area and left-sided atrioventricular ring. However, the morphologic features of the coronary sinus and its significance in patients with supraventricular tachycardia have not been determined. Four hundred eight patients with accessory pathway-mediated tachyarrhythmia and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia underwent coronary arteriography for a coronary sinus venogram before electrophysiologic study and radiofrequency ablation. The venous phase of left coronary arteriography that delineated the morphologic features of the coronary sinus was carefully evaluated and recorded in multiple projections. Major coronary sinus abnormalities were defined, and they were found in 12 patients (2.9%). Six patients had angulation of the coronary sinus, 4 patients had hypoplasia of the coronary sinus, 1 patient had narrowing of the proximal coronary sinus, and 1 patient had a fistula from persistent left superior vena cava to the coronary sinus. Of 175 patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, only 1 patient had major coronary sinus abnormalities (proximal angulation), whereas of 233 patients with accessory pathway-mediated tachycardia, 11 patients had major coronary sinus abnormalities (0.6% vs 4.7%, p < 0.05). The accessory pathways in patients with major coronary sinus abnormalities were located exclusively in the left free wall and posteroseptal area. Proper coronary sinus catheterization could be accomplished in 396 patients with a normal coronary sinus, whereas it could be accomplished in only 1 of the 12 patients with major coronary sinus abnormalities (396/396 vs 1/12, p < 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Ablación por Catéter , Anomalías de los Vasos Coronarios/diagnóstico , Taquicardia Supraventricular/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Cateterismo Cardíaco/estadística & datos numéricos , Estimulación Cardíaca Artificial/estadística & datos numéricos , Ablación por Catéter/estadística & datos numéricos , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Angiografía Coronaria/estadística & datos numéricos , Anomalías de los Vasos Coronarios/complicaciones , Anomalías de los Vasos Coronarios/epidemiología , Anomalías de los Vasos Coronarios/cirugía , Electrocardiografía/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Taquicardia Supraventricular/epidemiología , Taquicardia Supraventricular/etiología , Taquicardia Supraventricular/cirugía , Taiwán/epidemiologíaAsunto(s)
Ablación por Catéter/métodos , Anomalías de los Vasos Coronarios/complicaciones , Sistema de Conducción Cardíaco/anomalías , Taquicardia/cirugía , Adulto , Femenino , Sistema de Conducción Cardíaco/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Taquicardia/complicaciones , Taquicardia Supraventricular/complicaciones , Taquicardia Supraventricular/cirugíaRESUMEN
Epidermoid carcinoma of the kidney is a rare malignant tumor, characterized by high invasiveness, poor prognosis, and the association of renal stone and renal infection. Very little reports about its sonographic appearance were mentioned in the literature. We present a case of epidermoid carcinoma of the kidney. Its ultrasonography showed a heterogeneous renal mass with perirenal and pararenal invasion, destruction of the renal pelvis, and preservation of enlarged reniform outline. Although this tumor should be differentiated with renal cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, renal metastatic tumor, renal lymphoma, renal infarction, focal bacterial nephritis, and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis etc., we think we should put epidermoid carcinoma of kidney into consideration when a renal tumor mass presents with perirenal and pararenal invasion, destruction of the renal pelvis, and preservation of enlarged reniform outline in sonography, and hypovascularity in angiographic study.