Granuloma leproide canino: estudo de 27 casos / Canine leproid granuloma: study of 27 cases

O granuloma leproide canino (GLC) é uma doença micobacteriana que cursa com lesão nodular, cutânea ou subcutânea, tipicamente auto limitante, decorrente de infecção pelo Mycobacterium. É uma doença dermatológica rara, usualmente relatada em países de clima tropical. O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar as alterações microscópicas e epidemiológicas de casos de GLC. Além disso, utilizar exames complementares para demonstração do Mycobacterium sp. na lesão analisada utilizando coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen, imuno-histoquímica e PCR para classificação e sequenciamento da espécie de Mycobacterium. Foram analisados 27 casos de GLC diagnosticados no período compreendido de 2005 a 2014 (21 exames histológicos e seis citológicos). A raça mais acometida foi Boxer (33,3%), seguida da Dachshund (11,1%). Foi frequente o acometimento de caninos de grande porte (64%) e de pelame curto (96%). Não foi possível estabelecer qualquer padrão de sazonalidade do GLC. As lesões se localizaram anatomicamente no pavilhão auricular na maioria dos casos (93%), constituindo-se de nódulos únicos ou múltiplos, ulcerados ou não. Em nenhum dos casos foi observado acometimento sistêmico. Lesões histológicas seguiram três padrões que variaram de nodulares a difusos, com infiltrado granulomatoso/piogranulomatoso com envolvimento de derme superficial e profunda. A observação de bacilos pela coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen confirmou o diagnóstico. Este teste demonstrou grande variação na quantidade de bacilos nas lesões, não relacionado estatisticamente ao tipo da lesão nem ao período evolutivo. A imuno-histoquímica foi positiva em 90% dos casos, e em alguns casos facilitou a identificação de bacilos, entretanto, em dois casos ocorreram resultados negativos mesmo havendo marcação pela coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen. Na técnica de PCR realizada em 18 amostras, 44% dos casos foram positivos, duas sequências inespecíficas, e demonstrou ainda, que Mycobacterium murphy foi responsável por 2 casos e Mycobacterium hodleri em um caso. Em outros três casos não se obteve 100% de semelhança entre o produto sequenciado e os demais Mycobacterium.(AU)

Canine leproid granuloma (CLG) is cutaneous diseases caused by mycobacteria that course with nodular cutaneous or subcutaneous lesion, typically self-limiting, due to Mycobacterium infection. It is an unusual dermatological disease, usually reported in tropical countries. The objective of the present study is to describe the epidemiological and histopathological findings of CLG. Furthermore, use additional tests for demonstration of Mycobacterium sp. in the lesion were performed, e.g. Ziehl-Neelsen staining, immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for classification and genetic sequencing of Mycobacterium species. Twenty seven cases of CLG diagnosed between 2005 and 2014 were studied (21 cases by histological examination and six by cytological examination). Boxer dogs were the breed most affected (33.3%) followed by Dachshund dog breed (11.1%). The disease affected dogs with mainly large size (64%) and short-coated (96%). There was no evidence predilection for occurrence in any season. The lesions were localized, in most cases, at the pinna (93%), comprise one or multiple nodules, ulcerated or not. None of the cases was observed with systemic involvement. Histopathological findings included three patterns of nodular to diffuse, with inflammatory infiltration granulomatous/pyogranulomatous that involved superficial and deep dermis. Definitive diagnosis was made by the presence of acid-fast bacilli by Ziehl-Neelsen stain, showing wide variation in the number of bacilli in the lesions, not being statistically correlated to the type of injury or the evolution period. Immunohistochemistry was effective, and in some cases facilitated the identification of bacilli, but in two cases were negative even with marking by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. The immunohistochemistry was positive in 90% cases, and in some cases facilitated the identification of bacilli, but in two cases were negative even with marking by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. The PCR technique was positive in 44% of cases, demonstrating that Mycobacterium murphy was responsible for two cases of GLC and Mycobacterium hodleri by a one case. In other three PCR-positive cases if not got 100% similarity between the sequenced and other Mycobacterium.(AU)

Granuloma leproide canino: estudo de 27 casos / Canine leproid granuloma: study of 27 cases

O granuloma leproide canino (GLC) é uma doença micobacteriana que cursa com lesão nodular, cutânea ou subcutânea, tipicamente auto limitante, decorrente de infecção pelo Mycobacterium. É uma doença dermatológica rara, usualmente relatada em países de clima tropical. O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar as alterações microscópicas e epidemiológicas de casos de GLC. Além disso, utilizar exames complementares para demonstração do Mycobacterium sp. na lesão analisada utilizando coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen, imuno-histoquímica e PCR para classificação e sequenciamento da espécie de Mycobacterium. Foram analisados 27 casos de GLC diagnosticados no período compreendido de 2005 a 2014 (21 exames histológicos e seis citológicos). A raça mais acometida foi Boxer (33,3%), seguida da Dachshund (11,1%). Foi frequente o acometimento de caninos de grande porte (64%) e de pelame curto (96%). Não foi possível estabelecer qualquer padrão de sazonalidade do GLC. As lesões se localizaram anatomicamente no pavilhão auricular na maioria dos casos (93%), constituindo-se de nódulos únicos ou múltiplos, ulcerados ou não. Em nenhum dos casos foi observado acometimento sistêmico. Lesões histológicas seguiram três padrões que variaram de nodulares a difusos, com infiltrado granulomatoso/piogranulomatoso com envolvimento de derme superficial e profunda. A observação de bacilos pela coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen confirmou o diagnóstico. Este teste demonstrou grande variação na quantidade de bacilos nas lesões, não relacionado estatisticamente ao tipo da lesão nem ao período evolutivo. A imuno-histoquímica foi positiva em 90% dos casos, e em alguns casos facilitou a identificação de bacilos, entretanto, em dois casos ocorreram resultados negativos mesmo havendo marcação pela coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen. Na técnica de PCR realizada em 18 amostras, 44% dos casos foram positivos, duas sequências inespecíficas, e demonstrou ainda, que Mycobacterium murphy foi responsável por 2 casos e Mycobacterium hodleri em um caso. Em outros três casos não se obteve 100% de semelhança entre o produto sequenciado e os demais Mycobacterium.(AU)

Canine leproid granuloma (CLG) is cutaneous diseases caused by mycobacteria that course with nodular cutaneous or subcutaneous lesion, typically self-limiting, due to Mycobacterium infection. It is an unusual dermatological disease, usually reported in tropical countries. The objective of the present study is to describe the epidemiological and histopathological findings of CLG. Furthermore, use additional tests for demonstration of Mycobacterium sp. in the lesion were performed, e.g. Ziehl-Neelsen staining, immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for classification and genetic sequencing of Mycobacterium species. Twenty seven cases of CLG diagnosed between 2005 and 2014 were studied (21 cases by histological examination and six by cytological examination). Boxer dogs were the breed most affected (33.3%) followed by Dachshund dog breed (11.1%). The disease affected dogs with mainly large size (64%) and short-coated (96%). There was no evidence predilection for occurrence in any season. The lesions were localized, in most cases, at the pinna (93%), comprise one or multiple nodules, ulcerated or not. None of the cases was observed with systemic involvement. Histopathological findings included three patterns of nodular to diffuse, with inflammatory infiltration granulomatous/pyogranulomatous that involved superficial and deep dermis. Definitive diagnosis was made by the presence of acid-fast bacilli by Ziehl-Neelsen stain, showing wide variation in the number of bacilli in the lesions, not being statistically correlated to the type of injury or the evolution period. Immunohistochemistry was effective, and in some cases facilitated the identification of bacilli, but in two cases were negative even with marking by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. The immunohistochemistry was positive in 90% cases, and in some cases facilitated the identification of bacilli, but in two cases were negative even with marking by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. The PCR technique was positive in 44% of cases, demonstrating that Mycobacterium murphy was responsible for two cases of GLC and Mycobacterium hodleri by a one case. In other three PCR-positive cases if not got 100% similarity between the sequenced and other Mycobacterium.(AU)

Equine salmonellosis in southern Brazil.

The Salmonella sp. genus is identified in several species, and the zoonosis it causes is one of the most important types worldwide. The specifics of salmonellosis vary according to the function of the serovar involved, the species affected, age and predisposing factors. However, few cases of equine salmonellosis have been reported. This study presents ten confirmed salmonellosis cases in equines in southern Brazil. Six were adult animals with stress factors preceding the disease, while four were foals, three of which presented with hyperacute manifestations. The main clinical signs were diarrhea, anorexia, and hyperthermia. Lesions varied in distribution and severity, although fibrinonecrotic or necrohemorrhagic enteritis was observed in all animals, mainly in the large intestine (large colon and cecum-8/10) and small intestine (3/10). Substantial liquid content, mainly hemorrhagic, was observed in all animals. The most characteristic microscopic lesion was mucosa necrosis, which is often accompanied by fibrin deposition, followed by necrosis of follicular centers and vascular changes. Bacterial isolation revealed seven isolates. Five were serotyped, and the serovars Typhimurium and Anatum were associated with two cases each, while Muenster was associated with a case whose lesion pattern varied. Immunohistochemical staining was positive in all cases. All diagnoses were based on the clinical history, macroscopic and histological lesions, and the bacterial isolation and/or immunostaining associated with histological lesions.

Retrospective canine skin peripheral nerve sheath tumors data with emphasis on histologic, immunohistochemical and prognostic factors / Dados retrospectivos de tumores de bainha de nervo periférico na pele de cães com ênfase a fatores histológicos, imuno-histoquímicos e prognósticos

In this retrospective study was determined the frequency of canine skin peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) in cases diagnosed by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS), Brazil, between the years 2000 and 2012. The canine profiles, as well as histological, immunohistochemical and prognostic aspects of the tumors were based on 70 samples, comprising 40 females, 29 males and one unspecified sample. Between 2000 and 2012, 2,984 skin tumors of dogs were diagnosed in the SPV-UFRGS, totaling 2.34% of skin neoplasms in dogs. Animals that comprised the largest amount of samples (43%) were those with no breed (SRD), followed by German Shepherds (10%). Females were more affected than males (40/70 - 57% and 29/70 - 41% respectively). Skin PNST of this research showed predominant localization on the limbs (40% in the forelimbs and 29% in the hindlimbs); affecting adult dogs, mostly aged between 8 and 11 years (54%). The samples were routinely processed for hematoxylin and eosin, and were also evaluated by toluidine blue and Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) anti-vimentin, -S-100, -GFAP, -actin, von Willebrand factor and neurofilament. Anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, mitotic index, intratumoral necrosis, invasion of adjacent tissues, tumor location, local recurrence and metastasis were related to the diagnosis of benign (49/70) or malignant tumor (21/70). The Antoni A histological pattern was observed more frequently in benign tumors. The immunohistochemistry helped to diagnose PNST, and anti-vimentin and anti-protein S-100 showed the highest rates of immunostaining. Throughout statistical analysis of animals with tumor recurrence, it was found that the chance of an animal with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor to develop recurrence is 4.61 times higher than in an animal that had a benign tumor.(AU)

Neste estudo retrospectivo foi determinada a frequência dos tumores de bainha de nervo periférico (TBNP) na pele de cães diagnosticados pelo Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS), Brasil, no período de 2000 a 2012. O histórico dos cães, assim como a histologia, a imuno-histoquímica e o prognóstico em relação aos tumores foram baseados em 70 amostras histológicas, correspondendo a 40 fêmeas (57%), 29 machos (41%) e uma amostra sem a informação do sexo. De 2000 a 2012, foram diagnosticados 2984 tumores de pele de cães pelo SPV-UFRGS, totalizando 2,34% das neoplasias em cães. A maior parte das amostras (43%) foi proveniente de animais sem raça definida (SRD), seguidos pelos da raça Pastor Alemão (10%). A localização predominante dos TBNP desta pesquisa ocorreu em membros (40% em membro tóracico e 29% em membro pélvico), afetando principalmente cães de oito a 11 anos idade (54%). As amostras foram processadas rotineiramente para coloração de Hematoxilina e eosina, e foram realizadas as colorações de azul de toluidina e tricrômio de Masson, assim como realizada imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) anti-vimentina, -S-100, -GFAP, -actina, von Willbrand e neurofilamento. Os fatores anisocitose e anisocariose, índice mitótico, necrose intratumoral, invasão tumoral em tecidos adjacentes, localização tumoral, local de recorrência e metástase foram relacionados com o diagnóstico de benignidade (49/70) ou malignidade (21/70). O padrão histológico de Antoni A foi observado com mais frequência em tumores benignos. A IHQ auxiliou no diagnóstico dos TBNP, com maiores índices de imunomarcação anti-vimentina e S-100. A análise estatística das amostras de animais que apresentaram recidiva tumoral evidenciou que a chance de um animal com tumor de bainha de nervo periférico maligno desenvolver recidiva é 4,61 vezes maior do que em animais que apresentam tumor benigno.(AU)

Retrospective canine skin peripheral nerve sheath tumors data with emphasis on histologic, immunohistochemical and prognostic factors / Dados retrospectivos de tumores de bainha de nervo periférico na pele de cães com ênfase a fatores histológicos, imuno-histoquímicos e prognósticos

In this retrospective study was determined the frequency of canine skin peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) in cases diagnosed by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS), Brazil, between the years 2000 and 2012. The canine profiles, as well as histological, immunohistochemical and prognostic aspects of the tumors were based on 70 samples, comprising 40 females, 29 males and one unspecified sample. Between 2000 and 2012, 2,984 skin tumors of dogs were diagnosed in the SPV-UFRGS, totaling 2.34% of skin neoplasms in dogs. Animals that comprised the largest amount of samples (43%) were those with no breed (SRD), followed by German Shepherds (10%). Females were more affected than males (40/70 - 57% and 29/70 - 41% respectively). Skin PNST of this research showed predominant localization on the limbs (40% in the forelimbs and 29% in the hindlimbs); affecting adult dogs, mostly aged between 8 and 11 years (54%). The samples were routinely processed for hematoxylin and eosin, and were also evaluated by toluidine blue and Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) anti-vimentin, -S-100, -GFAP, -actin, von Willebrand factor and neurofilament. Anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, mitotic index, intratumoral necrosis, invasion of adjacent tissues, tumor location, local recurrence and metastasis were related to the diagnosis of benign (49/70) or malignant tumor (21/70). The Antoni A histological pattern was observed more frequently in benign tumors. The immunohistochemistry helped to diagnose PNST, and anti-vimentin and anti-protein S-100 showed the highest rates of immunostaining. Throughout statistical analysis of animals with tumor recurrence, it was found that the chance of an animal with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor to develop recurrence is 4.61 times higher than in an animal that had a benign tumor...

Neste estudo retrospectivo foi determinada a frequência dos tumores de bainha de nervo periférico (TBNP) na pele de cães diagnosticados pelo Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS), Brasil, no período de 2000 a 2012. O histórico dos cães, assim como a histologia, a imuno-histoquímica e o prognóstico em relação aos tumores foram baseados em 70 amostras histológicas, correspondendo a 40 fêmeas (57%), 29 machos (41%) e uma amostra sem a informação do sexo. De 2000 a 2012, foram diagnosticados 2984 tumores de pele de cães pelo SPV-UFRGS, totalizando 2,34% das neoplasias em cães. A maior parte das amostras (43%) foi proveniente de animais sem raça definida (SRD), seguidos pelos da raça Pastor Alemão (10%). A localização predominante dos TBNP desta pesquisa ocorreu em membros (40% em membro tóracico e 29% em membro pélvico), afetando principalmente cães de oito a 11 anos idade (54%). As amostras foram processadas rotineiramente para coloração de Hematoxilina e eosina, e foram realizadas as colorações de azul de toluidina e tricrômio de Masson, assim como realizada imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) anti-vimentina, -S-100, -GFAP, -actina, von Willbrand e neurofilamento. Os fatores anisocitose e anisocariose, índice mitótico, necrose intratumoral, invasão tumoral em tecidos adjacentes, localização tumoral, local de recorrência e metástase foram relacionados com o diagnóstico de benignidade (49/70) ou malignidade (21/70). O padrão histológico de Antoni A foi observado com mais frequência em tumores benignos. A IHQ auxiliou no diagnóstico dos TBNP, com maiores índices de imunomarcação anti-vimentina e S-100. A análise estatística das amostras de animais que apresentaram recidiva tumoral evidenciou que a chance de um animal com tumor de bainha de nervo periférico maligno desenvolver recidiva é 4,61 vezes maior do que em animais que apresentam tumor benigno...

Diagnóstico post mortem da síndrome dilatação vólvulo gástrica em cães / Post-mortem Diagnosis of Gastric Dilatation Volvulus Syndrome in Dogs

Background: Gastric dilatation volvulus syndrome (GDV) is an acute and severe disease affecting specially dogs of big breeds. It is a severe illness, which may have a high risk of death if not treated quickly. GDV consists in stomach acute dilatation and rotation, resulting in decrease of gastric and splenic infusion, in addition to the obstruction of abdominal venous return. The aim of this research was to analyze clinical pathological findings of dogs with GDV diagnosis in which necropsy was performed. Materials, Methods & Results: The necropsy records were reviewed from January 2001 to December 2011 to identify these cases. In the period, 4877 autopsies were performed by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), being 55 cases (1.15%) of GDV. Four main breeds were identified: Fila Brasileiro (43.6%), Great Dane (12.7%), German Shepherd (10.9%) and Boxer (5.4%). Clinical signs such as bloating, lethargy and dyspnoea were reported. At necropsy, the findings that consisted with gastric alterations were stomach distention due to accumulation of gas, dark red mucosa, and rotations of 90° to 360° especially clockwise. Splenomegaly was observed in 96.36% of dogs and V-shaped spleen in 60%. There was compressive atelectasis in 38.18% of autopsies. The main histological findings in the stomach were characterized by congestion, hemorrhage and necrosis of the mucosa. In the spleen, congestion and necrosis of lymphoid follicles were found. Discussion: When GDV's casuistic is analyzed, our results were similar to other studies, with 0.7% and 2.5%. What is concerned about the breed and age of the animals affected is the high number of GDV in breeds such as Great Dane and German Shepherd. However, we also found high numbers of Fila Brasileiro, a Brazilian breed, that hasn't been mentioned in other studies about this illness before. Similar clinical signs were described by other authors, between them, vomit, a previous sign of acute GDV, which is expected as while there is a gastric rotation, gastric-oesophageal obstruction happens. However, vomit is described as GVD predisposing factor associated to aerophagia, and should be considered a previous sign to the dislocation. The observation of gastric clockwise rotation in most cases is described as the most frequent. Gastric pathologic findings are characteristics of a circulatory compromising due to the rotation, leading to ischemic areas and necrosis. Splenomegaly and the identification of the V-shaped spleen were commonly observed, because when GDV happens, the spleen follows the gastric displacement by the presence of the gastrosplenic ligament. These findings cause splenic congestion by obstruction of venous return, which may lead it to twist too. It is concluded that the GDV was responsible for a low number of necropsies, reaching large and giant breeds. The identification of a large number of Fila breed dogs suggests that this breed is predisposed to the GDV. The gastric lesions indicated circulatory injury by vascular obstruction due to the rotation. Lung compressive atelectasis occurs secondary to gastric distention, also, compression of the caudal vena cava and of the portal vein can occur, decreased venous return, less displacement of blood from the right ventricle to be oxygenated by the lungs leading to breathing recrudescence.

Post-mortem diagnosis of gastric dilatation volvulus syndrome in dogs / Diagnóstico post mortem da síndrome dilatação vólvulo gástrica em cães

Background: Gastric dilatation volvulus syndrome (GDV) is an acute and severe disease affecting specially dogs of big breeds. It is a severe illness, which may have a high risk of death if not treated quickly. GDV consists in stomach acute dilatation and rotation, resulting in decrease of gastric and splenic infusion, in addition to the obstruction of abdominal venous return. The aim of this research was to analyze clinical pathological findings of dogs with GDV diagnosis in which necropsy was performed. Materials, Methods & Results: The necropsy records were reviewed from January 2001 to December 2011 to identify these cases. In the period, 4877 autopsies were performed by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), being 55 cases (1.15%) of GDV. Four main breeds were identified: Fila Brasileiro (43.6%), Great Dane (12.7%), German Shepherd (10.9%) and Boxer (5.4%). Clinical signs such as bloating, lethargy and dyspnoea were reported. At necropsy, the findings that consisted with gastric alterations were stomach distention due to accumulation of gas, dark red mucosa, and rotations of 90 to 360 especially clockwise. Splenomegaly was observed in 96.36% of dogs and V-shaped spleen in 60%. There was compressive atelectasis in 38.18% of autopsies. The main histological findings in the stomach were characterized by congestion, hemo

Síndrome dilatação vólvulo gástrica (DVG) é uma enfermidade comum em cães, principalmente, nos de grande porte. É uma enfermidade grave, com alto risco de óbito caso não seja realizado um rápido tratamento clínico e/ou cirúrgico. A taxa de mortalidade varia entre 10 a 45%. A DVG consiste na dilatação aguda e na rotação do estômago, o que resulta num quadro de diminuição da perfusão gástrica e esplênica, além da obstrução do retorno venoso abdominal. Complicações da DVG ocorrem em pouco tempo, como necrose da parede do estômago, arritmias ventriculares, coagulopatias, desenvolvimento de choque hipovolêmico, acidose metabólica e hipocalemia. Inúmeros fatores são citados como predisponentes da síndrome, dentre eles: maior ocorrência em caninos de porte grande ou gigante, cães de raças de tórax profundo, aerofagia, alimentação excessiva, flacidez de ligamento gastrohepático, exercício pós-prandial e o acometimento de animais mais velhos. [...]

Post-mortem diagnosis of gastric dilatation volvulus syndrome in dogs / Diagnóstico post mortem da síndrome dilatação vólvulo gástrica em cães

Background: Gastric dilatation volvulus syndrome (GDV) is an acute and severe disease affecting specially dogs of big breeds. It is a severe illness, which may have a high risk of death if not treated quickly. GDV consists in stomach acute dilatation and rotation, resulting in decrease of gastric and splenic infusion, in addition to the obstruction of abdominal venous return. The aim of this research was to analyze clinical pathological findings of dogs with GDV diagnosis in which necropsy was performed. Materials, Methods & Results: The necropsy records were reviewed from January 2001 to December 2011 to identify these cases. In the period, 4877 autopsies were performed by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), being 55 cases (1.15%) of GDV. Four main breeds were identified: Fila Brasileiro (43.6%), Great Dane (12.7%), German Shepherd (10.9%) and Boxer (5.4%). Clinical signs such as bloating, lethargy and dyspnoea were reported. At necropsy, the findings that consisted with gastric alterations were stomach distention due to accumulation of gas, dark red mucosa, and rotations of 90 to 360 especially clockwise. Splenomegaly was observed in 96.36% of dogs and V-shaped spleen in 60%. There was compressive atelectasis in 38.18% of autopsies. The main histological findings in the stomach were characterized by congestion, hemo

Síndrome dilatação vólvulo gástrica (DVG) é uma enfermidade comum em cães, principalmente, nos de grande porte. É uma enfermidade grave, com alto risco de óbito caso não seja realizado um rápido tratamento clínico e/ou cirúrgico. A taxa de mortalidade varia entre 10 a 45%. A DVG consiste na dilatação aguda e na rotação do estômago, o que resulta num quadro de diminuição da perfusão gástrica e esplênica, além da obstrução do retorno venoso abdominal. Complicações da DVG ocorrem em pouco tempo, como necrose da parede do estômago, arritmias ventriculares, coagulopatias, desenvolvimento de choque hipovolêmico, acidose metabólica e hipocalemia. Inúmeros fatores são citados como predisponentes da síndrome, dentre eles: maior ocorrência em caninos de porte grande ou gigante, cães de raças de tórax profundo, aerofagia, alimentação excessiva, flacidez de ligamento gastrohepático, exercício pós-prandial e o acometimento de animais mais velhos. [...]

Intoxicação aguda por cobre em ovinos

Cases of acute copper intoxication in Santa Ines sheep are described. The disease occurred on a farm in Rio Grande do Sul. Three ewes that had recently lambed and that were fed cattle diet became severely ill and died one week after ingestion of a commercial mineral mix for beef cattle. The sheep showed anorexia, lateral and sternal recumbency, fasciculation and muscle stiffness and death. At necropsy from one of these sheep, the main changes were moderate hepatomegaly, prominent hepatic lobular pattern, and multifocal randomly distributed erosions and ulcerations on the abomasal mucosa. Histological evaluation of the liver showed marked centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis; diffuse hepatocyte swelling predominantly in the periportal area, and a few Kupffer cells contained cytoplasmic pigment granules. The diagnosis was based on the clinical history, necropsy and histopathologic findings, and confirmed by the high copper concentrations detected in the liver, feed, and mineral mix samples.

Descrevem-se casos de intoxicação aguda por cobre em ovinos da raça Santa Inês, numa propriedade rural, no Rio Grande do Sul. Três ovelhas recém-paridas, que consumiam ração formulada para bovinos, ingeriram, avidamente, sal mineral comercial para bovinos e apresentaram doença clínica e morte, uma semana após a introdução do sal. Os animais desenvolveram anorexia, permaneceram em decúbito lateral, o qual evoluiu para esternal e apresentaram fasciculação e rigidez muscular generalizada, antes de morrerem. À necropsia de um desses animais, as principais alterações foram hepatomegalia moderada e acentuação do padrão lobular hepático, além de erosões e ulcerações multifocais aleatórias na mucosa abomasal. Na avaliação histológica do fígado, havia necrose hepatocelular centrolobular acentuada e difusa, tumefação de hepatócitos, predominantemente, na região periportal, além de pequena quantidade de células de Kupffer com pigmento granular citoplasmático. O diagnóstico baseou-se na história clínica, nos achados de necropsia e histopatológicos e confirmou-se pelas altas concentrações de cobre detectadas no tecido hepático e nas amostras de ração e sal mineral.

Intoxicação aguda por cobre em ovinos

Cases of acute copper intoxication in Santa Ines sheep are described. The disease occurred on a farm in Rio Grande do Sul. Three ewes that had recently lambed and that were fed cattle diet became severely ill and died one week after ingestion of a commercial mineral mix for beef cattle. The sheep showed anorexia, lateral and sternal recumbency, fasciculation and muscle stiffness and death. At necropsy from one of these sheep, the main changes were moderate hepatomegaly, prominent hepatic lobular pattern, and multifocal randomly distributed erosions and ulcerations on the abomasal mucosa. Histological evaluation of the liver showed marked centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis; diffuse hepatocyte swelling predominantly in the periportal area, and a few Kupffer cells contained cytoplasmic pigment granules. The diagnosis was based on the clinical history, necropsy and histopathologic findings, and confirmed by the high copper concentrations detected in the liver, feed, and mineral mix samples.

Descrevem-se casos de intoxicação aguda por cobre em ovinos da raça Santa Inês, numa propriedade rural, no Rio Grande do Sul. Três ovelhas recém-paridas, que consumiam ração formulada para bovinos, ingeriram, avidamente, sal mineral comercial para bovinos e apresentaram doença clínica e morte, uma semana após a introdução do sal. Os animais desenvolveram anorexia, permaneceram em decúbito lateral, o qual evoluiu para esternal e apresentaram fasciculação e rigidez muscular generalizada, antes de morrerem. À necropsia de um desses animais, as principais alterações foram hepatomegalia moderada e acentuação do padrão lobular hepático, além de erosões e ulcerações multifocais aleatórias na mucosa abomasal. Na avaliação histológica do fígado, havia necrose hepatocelular centrolobular acentuada e difusa, tumefação de hepatócitos, predominantemente, na região periportal, além de pequena quantidade de células de Kupffer com pigmento granular citoplasmático. O diagnóstico baseou-se na história clínica, nos achados de necropsia e histopatológicos e confirmou-se pelas altas concentrações de cobre detectadas no tecido hepático e nas amostras de ração e sal mineral.

Condrodisplasia tipo Dexter em fetos bovinos abortados / Chondrodysplasia Dexter type in aborted bovine fetuses

Background: Chondrodysplasia is a congenital anomaly related to defects of the genes that control the chondrogenesis. This anomaly is described in many breeds of cattle and consanguineous matings increases the likelihood of developing defective traits. There are three distinct syndromes known: Dexter, Telemark and Brachycephalic type. The chondrodysplasia Dexter type syndrome is associated to an incompletely dominant gene, which occurs in Dexter and Holstein breeds more frequently, yet Charolais and Jersey can also be affected. There are three recognized phenotypes in this form of disease: severe achondroplasia, with abortion before the seventh month of gestation (monster Dexter), when related to dominant homozygous; chondrodisplasia with limbs shortening, when heterozygous; and normal animals, when recessive homozygous. The objective of this paper is to describe Dexter chondrodysplasia observed in two bovine fetuses examined by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS). Case: The necropsy of two aborted bovine calves was performed by the SPV-UFRGS. The Fetus 1 did not have data, neither clinical history. The Fetus 2, a Jersey breed calf, was in the last third of gestation and came from a property with Jersey and mini-Jersey herd. Natural mating was used for reproduction, with only one bull. Macroscopic alterations observed in both fetuses were characterized by shortened limbs, rounded and disproportionate skull, short snout, undershot jaw, tongue protrusion and abdominal hernia with eventration. In the second fetus was also observed spina bifida and palatoschisis. Microscopically, in both fetuses were observed extensive areas of immature cartilage, chondrocytes of the femur's bone tissue were not organized in recognizable growth plates, the metaphysis was markedly shortened and consisted in short bone trabeculae with occasional cartilage isles. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was negative. Discussion: The macroscopic and microscopic alterations in both fetuses were compatible with chondrodysplasia "monster Dexter" type. Such alterations, associated with dominant homozygotes, are due to defective endochondral ossifi cation with little growth in the length of long bones, meanwhile intramembranous ossification beneath the periosteum keeps growing and contributing to the abnormal volume and growth of the bones. Such difference is clearly observed when the size of the head is compared with the rest of the body. As the skull bones depends basically on intramembranous ossification, they are generally bigger than the rest of the body. The negative result of IHC to BVDV shows that this agent, known as the cause of congenital malformation did not have association with the anomalies observed. According to other researchers, this low frequency of viral agents as responsible for congenital anomalies was observed previously in cattle from the south of Brazil. Although Dexter chondrodysplasia can be considered of occasional occurrence, it can be responsible for considerable damage. As an abnormality with hereditary nature and consanguinity is the main reason to its occurrence, prevention is the main method to be adopted by the producer to avoid bigger loses.

Malformações congênitas multissistêmicas em um feto bovino abortado / Congenital multisystemic malformations in an aborted bovine fetus

Background: Congenital anomalies are structural and functional abnormalities that are present at birth, and they are frequently the result of environmental or genetic factors or both. Their etiology may also be related to infectious agents, such as viruses, hereditary factors, or the ingestion of toxic plants or chemical agents. Congenital anomalies usually occur sporadically, but they also can occur as outbreaks. The objective of this paper is to describe the multiple congenital malformations observed in an aborted bovine fetus. Case: A bovine fetus was sent to Laboratory Veterinary Pathology UFRGS for necropsy, histological analysis and complementary exams such as bacteriology, direct immunofluorescence for Leptospira sp. and immunohistochemistry for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The fetus presented multiple congenital alterations, such as dextraposition of the aorta and absence of the pulmonary artery, tracheal stenosis, a hypoplastic lung, multiple heart defects, arthrogryposis, osteopetrosis, and the absence of the middle phalanx and accessory digits in the forelimbs. Furthermore, dystocia and enlargement of the liver were observed, the organ showed irregular surface, firm consistency and nodular formation. A histological exam verified the accentuated hepatic periportal fibrosis. All complementary exams were negative. Discussion: Congenital anomalies can affect only one organ or can be multisystemic due to a malformation of one part of the body leading to the loss of another. Arthrogryposis can delay delivery, and signs of dystocia may be present in the resulting fetus. The etiology of arthrogryposis is difficult to determine, and even studies that were previously performed in ruminants have failed to identify a specific agent. Osteopetrosis, which was also observed, is a congenital skeletal anomaly caused by the failed resorption of cartilage and endochondral bone, and it has been associated with intrauterine BVDV infections, can also be associated with autosomal recessive genes in the Angus bovine breed. Congenital heart defects are relatively rare in cattle. Ventricular sept defects and transposition of the great vessels are two of the most common cardiovascular anomalies in bovines, and they can occur individually or in association with other heart defects. Generally, these malformations are linked to genetic factors. In this study, the animal presented with several conformational heart defects that resulted in embryonic development alterations in its structure or that resulted in progressive heart failure. Blood flow changes caused by an anatomic defect can significantly influence the structural and functional development of the circulation, resulting in secondary alterations. In this case, the primary defect is hard to determine, but the observed bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia may be the consequence of a blood flow decrease to the lungs because the pulmonary artery was absent. Pulmonary hypoplasia is defined as the incomplete development of the lungs, reducing the number of divisions of the bronchial tree and the associated alveoli. Many causes of pulmonary hypoplasia have been described in human beings and animals, such as chest abnormalities, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, chromosome anomalies, musculoskeletal disorders and heart failure. The accentuated hepatic fibrosis observed in this study, which was predominantly periportal, correlated with congestive heart failure due to the cardiac and pulmonary malformation observed in the fetus, which would have altered the systemic blood flow. It is suggested that the studied case is a congenital malformation of sporadic origin, characterized by multiple deformities associated with unknown genetic factors.

Congenital multisystemic malformations in an aborted bovine fetus / Malformações congênitas multissistêmicas em um feto bovino abortado

Background: Congenital anomalies are structural and functional abnormalities that are present at birth, and they are frequently the result of environmental or genetic factors or both. Their etiology may also be related to infectious agents, such as viruses, hereditary factors, or the ingestion of toxic plants or chemical agents. Congenital anomalies usually occur sporadically, but they also can occur as outbreaks. The objective of this paper is to describe the multiple congenital malformations observed in an aborted bovine fetus.Case: A bovine fetus was sent to Laboratory Veterinary Pathology UFRGS for necropsy, histological analysis and complementary exams such as bacteriology, direct immunofl uorescence for Leptospira sp. and immunohistochemistry for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The fetus presented multiple congenital alterations, such as dextraposition of the aorta and absence of the pulmonary artery, tracheal stenosis, a hypoplastic lung, multiple heart defects, arthrogryposis, osteopetrosis, and the absence of the middle phalanx and accessory digits in the forelimbs. Furthermore, dystocia and enlargement of the liver were observed, the organ showed irregular surface, fi rm consistency and nodular formation. A histological exam verifi ed the accentuated hepatic periportal fi brosis. All complementary exams were negative.Discussion: Congenital anomalies can affect onl

Background: Congenital anomalies are structural and functional abnormalities that are present at birth, and they are frequently the result of environmental or genetic factors or both. Their etiology may also be related to infectious agents, such as viruses, hereditary factors, or the ingestion of toxic plants or chemical agents. Congenital anomalies usually occur sporadically, but they also can occur as outbreaks. The objective of this paper is to describe the multiple congenital malformations observed in an aborted bovine fetus.Case: A bovine fetus was sent to Laboratory Veterinary Pathology UFRGS for necropsy, histological analysis and complementary exams such as bacteriology, direct immunofl uorescence for Leptospira sp. and immunohistochemistry for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The fetus presented multiple congenital alterations, such as dextraposition of the aorta and absence of the pulmonary artery, tracheal stenosis, a hypoplastic lung, multiple heart defects, arthrogryposis, osteopetrosis, and the absence of the middle phalanx and accessory digits in the forelimbs. Furthermore, dystocia and enlargement of the liver were observed, the organ showed irregular surface, fi rm consistency and nodular formation. A histological exam verifi ed the accentuated hepatic periportal fi brosis. All complementary exams were negative.Discussion: Congenital anomalies can affect onl

Chondrodysplasia dexter type in aborted bovine fetuses / Condrodisplasia tipo Dexter em fetos bovinos abortados

Background: Chondrodysplasia is a congenital anomaly related to defects of the genes that control the chondrogenesis. This anomaly is described in many breeds of cattle and consanguineous matings increases the likelihood of developing defective traits. There are three distinct syndromes known: Dexter, Telemark and Brachycephalic type. The chondrodysplasia Dexter type syndrome is associated to an incompletely dominant gene, which occurs in Dexter and Holstein breeds more frequently, yet Charolais and Jersey can also be affected. There are three recognized phenotypes in this form of disease: severe achondroplasia, with abortion before the seventh month of gestation (monster Dexter), when related to dominant homozygous; chondrodisplasia with limbs shortening, when heterozygous; and normal animals, when recessive homozygous. The objective of this paper is to describe Dexter chondrodysplasia observed in two bovine fetuses examined by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS).Case: The necropsy of two aborted bovine calves was performed by the SPV-UFRGS. The Fetus 1 did not have data, neither clinical history. The Fetus 2, a Jersey breed calf, was in the last third of gestation and came from a property with Jersey and mini-Jersey herd. Natural mating was used for reproduction, with only one bull. Macroscopic alterations observed in

Background: Chondrodysplasia is a congenital anomaly related to defects of the genes that control the chondrogenesis. This anomaly is described in many breeds of cattle and consanguineous matings increases the likelihood of developing defective traits. There are three distinct syndromes known: Dexter, Telemark and Brachycephalic type. The chondrodysplasia Dexter type syndrome is associated to an incompletely dominant gene, which occurs in Dexter and Holstein breeds more frequently, yet Charolais and Jersey can also be affected. There are three recognized phenotypes in this form of disease: severe achondroplasia, with abortion before the seventh month of gestation (monster Dexter), when related to dominant homozygous; chondrodisplasia with limbs shortening, when heterozygous; and normal animals, when recessive homozygous. The objective of this paper is to describe Dexter chondrodysplasia observed in two bovine fetuses examined by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS).Case: The necropsy of two aborted bovine calves was performed by the SPV-UFRGS. The Fetus 1 did not have data, neither clinical history. The Fetus 2, a Jersey breed calf, was in the last third of gestation and came from a property with Jersey and mini-Jersey herd. Natural mating was used for reproduction, with only one bull. Macroscopic alterations observed in

Chondrodysplasia dexter type in aborted bovine fetuses / Condrodisplasia tipo Dexter em fetos bovinos abortados

Background: Chondrodysplasia is a congenital anomaly related to defects of the genes that control the chondrogenesis. This anomaly is described in many breeds of cattle and consanguineous matings increases the likelihood of developing defective traits. There are three distinct syndromes known: Dexter, Telemark and Brachycephalic type. The chondrodysplasia Dexter type syndrome is associated to an incompletely dominant gene, which occurs in Dexter and Holstein breeds more frequently, yet Charolais and Jersey can also be affected. There are three recognized phenotypes in this form of disease: severe achondroplasia, with abortion before the seventh month of gestation (monster Dexter), when related to dominant homozygous; chondrodisplasia with limbs shortening, when heterozygous; and normal animals, when recessive homozygous. The objective of this paper is to describe Dexter chondrodysplasia observed in two bovine fetuses examined by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS).Case: The necropsy of two aborted bovine calves was performed by the SPV-UFRGS. The Fetus 1 did not have data, neither clinical history. The Fetus 2, a Jersey breed calf, was in the last third of gestation and came from a property with Jersey and mini-Jersey herd. Natural mating was used for reproduction, with only one bull. Macroscopic alterations observed in

Background: Chondrodysplasia is a congenital anomaly related to defects of the genes that control the chondrogenesis. This anomaly is described in many breeds of cattle and consanguineous matings increases the likelihood of developing defective traits. There are three distinct syndromes known: Dexter, Telemark and Brachycephalic type. The chondrodysplasia Dexter type syndrome is associated to an incompletely dominant gene, which occurs in Dexter and Holstein breeds more frequently, yet Charolais and Jersey can also be affected. There are three recognized phenotypes in this form of disease: severe achondroplasia, with abortion before the seventh month of gestation (monster Dexter), when related to dominant homozygous; chondrodisplasia with limbs shortening, when heterozygous; and normal animals, when recessive homozygous. The objective of this paper is to describe Dexter chondrodysplasia observed in two bovine fetuses examined by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS).Case: The necropsy of two aborted bovine calves was performed by the SPV-UFRGS. The Fetus 1 did not have data, neither clinical history. The Fetus 2, a Jersey breed calf, was in the last third of gestation and came from a property with Jersey and mini-Jersey herd. Natural mating was used for reproduction, with only one bull. Macroscopic alterations observed in

Congenital multisystemic malformations in an aborted bovine fetus / Malformações congênitas multissistêmicas em um feto bovino abortado

Background: Congenital anomalies are structural and functional abnormalities that are present at birth, and they are frequently the result of environmental or genetic factors or both. Their etiology may also be related to infectious agents, such as viruses, hereditary factors, or the ingestion of toxic plants or chemical agents. Congenital anomalies usually occur sporadically, but they also can occur as outbreaks. The objective of this paper is to describe the multiple congenital malformations observed in an aborted bovine fetus.Case: A bovine fetus was sent to Laboratory Veterinary Pathology UFRGS for necropsy, histological analysis and complementary exams such as bacteriology, direct immunofl uorescence for Leptospira sp. and immunohistochemistry for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The fetus presented multiple congenital alterations, such as dextraposition of the aorta and absence of the pulmonary artery, tracheal stenosis, a hypoplastic lung, multiple heart defects, arthrogryposis, osteopetrosis, and the absence of the middle phalanx and accessory digits in the forelimbs. Furthermore, dystocia and enlargement of the liver were observed, the organ showed irregular surface, fi rm consistency and nodular formation. A histological exam verifi ed the accentuated hepatic periportal fi brosis. All complementary exams were negative.Discussion: Congenital anomalies can affect onl

Background: Congenital anomalies are structural and functional abnormalities that are present at birth, and they are frequently the result of environmental or genetic factors or both. Their etiology may also be related to infectious agents, such as viruses, hereditary factors, or the ingestion of toxic plants or chemical agents. Congenital anomalies usually occur sporadically, but they also can occur as outbreaks. The objective of this paper is to describe the multiple congenital malformations observed in an aborted bovine fetus.Case: A bovine fetus was sent to Laboratory Veterinary Pathology UFRGS for necropsy, histological analysis and complementary exams such as bacteriology, direct immunofl uorescence for Leptospira sp. and immunohistochemistry for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The fetus presented multiple congenital alterations, such as dextraposition of the aorta and absence of the pulmonary artery, tracheal stenosis, a hypoplastic lung, multiple heart defects, arthrogryposis, osteopetrosis, and the absence of the middle phalanx and accessory digits in the forelimbs. Furthermore, dystocia and enlargement of the liver were observed, the organ showed irregular surface, fi rm consistency and nodular formation. A histological exam verifi ed the accentuated hepatic periportal fi brosis. All complementary exams were negative.Discussion: Congenital anomalies can affect onl