Flavonoids as potential anti-hepatocellular carcinoma agents: recent approaches using HepG2 cell line.

Numerous studies have documented that in cancer therapy flavonoids extracted from traditional Chinese medicine have anti-tumor activity or can enhance efficiency of chemotherapy in combination with chemotherapeutics. Thus, an awareness of flavonoids is needed by physicians and medical researchers. This review provides evidence about anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity of flavonoids. First, as a common employed in vitro model, profile of HepG2 is shown. Second, the intracellular signaling pathways induced by flavonoids which inhibit the HepG2 cell line are summarized. Third, study situation of anti-HBV/HCV activity of flavonoids is shown. Our review is aimed at providing an understanding of anti-HBV/HCV activity and anti-HCC mechanisms of flavonoids, and an outlook on flavonoids application on cancer therapy.

Dissociation and ionization of H+2 by ultrashort intense laser pulses probed by coincidence 3D momentum imaging.

Laser-induced dissociation and ionization of H(+)(2) were simultaneously measured using coincidence 3D momentum imaging, allowing direct separation of the two processes, even where the fragment kinetic energy is the same for both processes. The results for 45 and 135 fs 790 nm pulses with an intensity of approximately 2.5 x 10(14) W/cm(2) differ from each other much more than one would expect from previous measurements with longer pulses. Ionization was negligible for the longer pulse and was strongly aligned along the laser polarization for the shorter pulse, but showed no structure in its kinetic energy distribution. In addition, the ionization to dissociation ratio was found to be much smaller than theoretically predicted for H(+)(2).

Mid-infrared pulses generated from the mixing output of an amplified, dual-wavelength Ti:sapphire system.

We demonstrate the generation of femtosecond mid-infrared pulses by direct difference-frequency mixing in a AgGaS(2) crystal of two intense pulses from a dual-wavelength oscillator that have been simultaneously amplified in a single regenerative amplifier. A pulse energy of as much as 1.6 muJ was achieved at wavelengths of 9-11 mum.

Multifrequency parametric infrared Raman generation in KGd(WO(4))(2) crystal with biharmonic ultrashort-pulse pumping.

Mutlifrequency parametric Raman generation was carried out in a KGd(WO(4))(2) crystal by use of a dual-wavelength Ti:sapphire laser system. It was found that with femtosecond pump pulses the efficiency of Raman generation is low because of the onset of self-phase modulation. The mechanism for suppression of stimulated Raman scattering by self-phase modulation is discussed. Employing 2-ps-long chirped pulses generated four Stokes and one anti-Stokes component.

[Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of AMP and DNA in silver sol].

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of AMP and DNA in silver sol were obtained. Comparing the SERS spectra with spectra of AMP and DNA in solid state, we found that although those two systems were very similar in the main, but there were still some differences between them. For example, the ring breathing modes of adenine in solid AMP at 715 cm-1 was enhanced very much and appears at 723 cm-1 in silver sol. The symmetric stretching mode of phosphate group at 813 cm-1 was disappeared in SERS spectra. The vibration mode of ribose in DNA was enhanced obviously in SERS spectra, four kinds bands of A, T, C, G were also enhanced in varying degrees. The possible adsorption model of AMP and DNA in silver sol and the structure change is proposed.