RESUMEN
Objective: To explore the clinical value of endoscopic interventional therapy for locally recurrent primary lung adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Methods: The clinical data of 42 patients with locally recurrent ACC were retrospectively analyzed, and the differences of tracheal and bronchial diameter, airway scoring grade and airway obstruction degree before and after treatment were compared among three treatment methods: bronchoscopic interventional therapy + palliative radiotherapy, interventional therapy alone, and non-interventional therapy. Log rank test and Cox proportional risk model multi-factor analysis were used to determine the prognostic factors of ACC patients with local recurrence, and the long-term effect of bronchoscopic interventional therapy on ACC with local recurrence was determined. Results: The median overall survival of 42 patients was 59 months and 5-year survival rate was 54.2%.Univariate analysis showed that vascularized cancer, pleural invasion, pulmonary atelectasis, incisal margin, microscopic classification, tumor diameter, initial TNM stage, ki-67 index, and treatment after local recurrence were associated with long-term survival of ACC patients with local recurrence (all P<0.05). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that margin status (RR=0.272, P=0.011), tumor diameter (RR=2.586, P=0.005), initial TNM staging (RR=0.369, P=0.035), ki-67 index (RR=3.569, P<0.001), and treatment methods after local recurrence (RR=0.126, P<0.001) were independent factors influencing the prognosis of ACC patients with local recurrence. After three months of treatment, the tracheal bronchus diameters, rating of shortness of breath, and degree of airway obstruction were all improved significantly (all P<0.05), both in the interventional therapy + palliative radiotherapy group [(14.5±2.8 mm, 0.86±0.45, (14.50±10.67)%, respectively], and the interventional therapy alone group [(13.7±2.3) mm, 0.97±0.25, (15.38±12.02)%, respectively]. Meanwhile, the difference before and after non-interventional therapy was not statistically significant (all P>0.05). 5-year overall survival rates were 55.8%, 46.6% and 42.6% for patients undergoing interventional therapy+ palliative radiotherapy, interventional therapy alone, and non-interventional therapy after recurrence, with statistically significant differences (P=0.015). Patients underwent bronchial endoscopic interventional therapy and palliative radiotherapy had the best efficacy of treatment. Conclusion: Endoscopic interventional therapy plus palliative radiotherapy is an effective local palliative treatment for locally recurrent ACC patients, which can rapidly relieve airway stenosis, improve the quality of life of patients and prolong the survival time of patients.
Asunto(s)
Broncoscopía/métodos , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/radioterapia , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/cirugía , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/radioterapia , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Enfermedades Bronquiales/radioterapia , Enfermedades Bronquiales/cirugía , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/mortalidad , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/patología , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Terapia Combinada/mortalidad , Constricción Patológica/radioterapia , Constricción Patológica/cirugía , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/mortalidad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Pronóstico , Calidad de Vida , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia , Estenosis Traqueal/radioterapia , Estenosis Traqueal/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Facial-sparing scapular myopathy (SHD) is the most common atypical form of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), clinically defined as without apparent facial muscle weakness on neurological examination. The clinical profiles and genetic features of SHD are limited. METHODS: A cohort of 21 Chinese patients with SHD were confirmed by molecular genetic analysis based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The clinical assessments and methylation analysis were noted. RESULTS: The patients had FSHD-related EcoRI fragments with 4qA haplotype ranging from 18 kb to 33 kb (mean 26.3 ± 4.6 kb). The mean onset age was 25.52 ± 8.3 years. Over half of the patients had scapular winging and asymmetry weakness consistent with FSHD, without facial symptoms during their visit. Their facial electromyogram results were almost normal or mild myogenic damage, as well as the myopathology and serum creatine kinase. A conflict was unexpectedly found in intergenerational DR1 methylation analysis. CONCLUSION: Facial-sparing scapular myopathy is characterized as mild myopathic symptoms and chronic progression of weakness. The diagnosis should be accurately confirmed through FSHD-sized fragment detection and 4qA/B variant determination. Although the next generations of SHD had more severe muscular symptoms, local hypomethylation within D4Z4 was not found as a modifier for clinical heterogeneity.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos Par 4/genética , Distrofia Muscular Facioescapulohumeral , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Metilación de ADN , Femenino , Haplotipos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Distrofia Muscular Facioescapulohumeral/genética , Distrofia Muscular Facioescapulohumeral/metabolismo , Distrofia Muscular Facioescapulohumeral/patología , Distrofia Muscular Facioescapulohumeral/fisiopatología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Full-length cDNA of the gene checkpoint homolog 1 (Chk1) was cloned from Daphnia carinata and designated DcarChk1. DcarChk1 cDNA was 1817 bp in length and encoded a 497-amino acid polypeptide. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that DcarChk1 was most closely related to Chk1 of Daphnia pulex, followed by homologous genes of insects. Expression of DcarChk1 was higher in adult Daphnia than in larvae, and significantly higher in males than females, as determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Using whole-mount in situ hybridization techniques, DcarChk1 in parthenogenetic females was found to be expressed mainly on the head surface, capillus, and carapace valve edge. In contrast, in sexual females, DcarChk1 was expressed mainly in the joint of the second antenna, and in the thoracic limbs and capillus. These results suggest that DcarChk1 plays a significant role in both the growth and development, as well as in regulating reproductive plasticity, in D. carinata.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Daphnia/genética , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Animales , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/química , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Clonación Molecular , Daphnia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Femenino , Masculino , Especificidad de Órganos , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/química , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
The primary goal of this study was to compare the pollutant removal efficiency of the reactivated activated-ferric-sludge (AFS) with that of the activated sludge (AS). Most tested organic pollutants were preferably removed by reactivated AFS. The optimal reactivated conditions for AFS were a reactivation time of 3 h, pH of 5-9, AFS dose of 5 g/L and dissolved oxygen of 2-6 mg/L. The results revealed a positive correlation between microbial activity and the removal efficiency of organic pollutants, with a higher microbial activity being associated with a better removal efficiency of organic pollutants. Additionally, variations in extracellular polymeric substances were found to be crucial to the microbial activity and adsorption capacity of reactivated AFS. After reactivation, reactivated AFS was superior to AS for the removal ofmost pollutants. Finally, the mechanism of AFS reactivation was investigated. Overall, the results of the present study demonstrate that reactivated AFS has the potential for widespread application in the removal of organic pollutants during the wastewater treatment process.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos Férricos/química , Sustancias Húmicas , Aguas del Alcantarillado/química , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/aislamiento & purificación , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Oxígeno/análisis , Oxígeno/metabolismo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/químicaRESUMEN
Adsorbent made from sewage sludge is used to remove the Cr (VI) in wastewater. In this paper, the adsorption capacity, adsorption mechanism and regeneration of the adsorbent are studied. A systematic research is carried out to investigate the influence of adsorption capacities in various conditions, such as contact time, pH and initial dosage of adsorbent. The results show that: the equilibrium time is 6 h; the optimal pH is 2.5. The adsorption capacity increases as the initial concentration increase and as the dosage of activated carbon decrease. The data of adsorption capacity are more fit in Langmuir isotherms. The adsorption follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model perfectly. From this research, the adsorption rate controlling step is film diffusion when the Cr (VI) concentration is low; otherwise, the adsorption rate controlling step is the diffusion among particles. The results of regeneration of saturated adsorbent show that the saturated adsorbent can be perfectly regenerated using alkali treatment. The regeneration ratio of the saturated adsorbent can reach more than 90% with proper concentration of alkali.
Asunto(s)
Cromo/química , Aguas del Alcantarillado/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Adsorción , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cinética , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Hidróxido de Sodio , Purificación del AguaRESUMEN
Adsorbent materials created from wastewater sludge have unique surface characteristics and could be effective in adsorption applications. In this research, the sludge-adsorbents were generated by pyrolyzing mixtures of sewage sludge and H(2)SO(4). Scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) were used to analyze the properties of sludge-adsorbent. XPS results show that the adsorbent surface functional groups with high contents of oxygen-containing groups serve as active sites for the adsorption and affect the surface characteristics; the adsorption mechanism of methylene blue (MB) is mainly Brönsted acid-base reaction between the adsorbent surface and MB; and iodine atoms are bonded to the surface of the adsorbent mainly by dispersive interactions rather than by electrostatic interactions. The results also show that H(2)SO(4) level, pyrolysis temperature and sulfuric acid/sludge weight ratio actually affected the adsorption characteristics. Using the conditions (H(2)SO(4) level of 1-18 M, pyrolysis temperature of 650°C, and weight ratio of 0.8), the adsorption capacities for MB and iodine were 74.7-62.3 mg g(-1) and 169.5-209.3 mg g(-1), respectively.
Asunto(s)
Yodo/aislamiento & purificación , Azul de Metileno/aislamiento & purificación , Aguas del Alcantarillado/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/aislamiento & purificación , Adsorción , Calor , Yodo/química , Azul de Metileno/química , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Estructura Molecular , Oxidación-Reducción , Espectroscopía de Fotoelectrones , Ácidos Sulfúricos/química , Propiedades de Superficie , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/químicaRESUMEN
This paper attempts to investigate the stabilization behaviours of heavy metals in ceramsite made from wastewater treatment sludge (WWTS) and drinking-water treatment sludge (DWTS). Leaching tests were conducted to find out the effects of sintering temperature, (Fe(2)O(3) + CaO + MgO)/(SiO(2) + Al(2)O(3)) (defined as F/SA ratios), pH, and oxidative condition. Results show that sintering exhibits good binding capacity for Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb in ceramsite and leaching contents of heavy metals will not change above 1000 degrees C. The main crystalline phases in ceramsite sintered at 1000 degrees C are kyanite, quartz, Na-Ca feldspars, sillimanite, and enstatite. The main compounds of heavy metals are crocoite, chrome oxide, cadmium silicate, and copper oxide. Leaching contents of Cd, Cu, and Pb increase as the F/SA ratios increase. Heavy metals in ceramsite with variation of F/SA ratios are also in same steady forms, which prove that stronger chemical bonds are formed between these heavy metals and the components. Leaching contents of heavy metals decrease as pH increases and increase as H(2)O(2) concentration increases. The results indicate that when subjected to rigorous leaching conditions, the crystalline structures still exhibit good chemical binding capacity for heavy metals. In conclusion, it is environmentally safe to use ceramsite in civil and construction fields.
Asunto(s)
Materiales de Construcción , Metales Pesados/aislamiento & purificación , Aguas del Alcantarillado/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/aislamiento & purificación , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Cristalización , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Residuos Industriales/prevención & control , Metales Pesados/química , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodosRESUMEN
An investigation was conducted to study the feasibility of ferric coagulant recovery from chemical sludge and its recycle in chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) to make the process more cost-effective, as well as reduce sludge volume. The optimum conditions and efficiency of the acidification for ferric coagulant recovery from coagulation sludge were investigated. Experimental results showed that the recovered coagulants can be used in CEPT and the pollutants removal efficiency is similar to that of fresh coagulant, and for some aspects the effect of recovered coagulants is better than that of fresh ones, such as turbidity removal. Although some substances will be enriched during recycle, they have little effect on treated wastewater quality. Acidification condition also had significant influence on reduction of sludge volume. The efficiency of coagulant recovery had a linear relationship with sludge reduction. Experiments verify that it would be a sustainable and cost-effective way to recover ferric coagulant from coagulation sludge in water treatment and chemical wastewater treatment, and then recycle it to CEPT, as well as reduce sludge volume.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos Férricos/química , Aguas del Alcantarillado/química , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodosRESUMEN
To control and optimize the process for making ceramsite from wastewater treatment sludge (WWTS) and drinking-water treatment one (DWTS), the effect of mass ratios of (Fe(2)O(3)+CaO+MgO)/(SiO(2)+Al(2)O(3)) (defined as F/SA ratios); SiO(2):Al(2)O(3) and Fe(2)O(3):CaO:MgO (under the condition of fixed F/SA ratio) on the characteristics of ceramsite were investigated. It was found that the optimal F/SA ratios for making ceramsite range 0.175-0.45. Na-Ca feldspars and amorphous phases increase in ceramsite as F/SA ratios increase. Ceramsite with porous surfaces, expanded structures, and complex crystalline phases can be obtained at 0.275=F/SA=0.45, which accordingly cause the decrease in compressive strength. Higher strength of ceramsite with lower porosity can be obtained at 0.175=F/SA<0.275, and under the condition of F/SA ratio=0.275, the raw materials can produce ceramsite with desired physical properties at 18.2:35=SiO(2):Al(2)O(3)=45:10.2 and 10:2.7:1.4=Fe(2)O(3):CaO:MgO=5.3:6:1.6. Ceramsite with higher compressive strength and lower porosity can be obtained at SiO(2):Al(2)O(3)>27.2:15.8 and Fe(2)O(3):CaO:MgO>6:3.5:1.8. Results indicate that F/SA ratios could be used as an important parameter to control the production process of ceramsite with desired physicochemical properties and resolve the disposal problems of residual sludges.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Calcio , Materiales de Construcción , Compuestos Férricos , Aguas del Alcantarillado/química , Agua/química , Óxido de Aluminio , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Óxido de Magnesio , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Dióxido de SilicioRESUMEN
An investigation was made to study the feasibility of recovering the Alum from coagulation sludges and reusing it in chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) process to make the CEPT more cost-effective and recover the resource (Alum) efficiently. The optimum condition and efficiency of the acidification method for Alum recovery from coagulation sludge were investigated in the test. The results show that when the recovery rate of Alum reaches its highest level, 84.5%, the reduction rate of sludge is 35.5%. It turns out that the capability of recovered coagulant to remove turbidity, UV(254) and COD are 96%, 46% and 53%, respectively. The results prove that the recovered coagulants could be used in CEPT and the efficiency of recovered coagulant to remove pollutants is similar to that of fresh coagulant. Although some substances will be enriched during recycle, they have little effect on the quality of treated wastewater. The experiments verify that it would be an advisable and cost-effective way to recover Alum from coagulation sludges in water treatment and chemical wastewater treatment, and it could be then recycled to CEPT as well as reduce sludge volume.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Alumbre/química , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Contaminantes del Agua/análisis , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Técnicas de Química Analítica/métodos , Coagulantes/química , Colorimetría , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Metales Pesados/química , Nefelometría y Turbidimetría , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta/métodosRESUMEN
Composite ferrate(VI) solution (CFS) with improved stability was successfully prepared in this study. The stability of Fe(VI) increased from hours for potassium ferrate at pH 9-10 to 16d for 1 mmol L(-1) Fe(VI) in CFS at 25 degrees C, decomposing 24%. The Fe(VI) was more stable at low concentration (1 mmol L(-1)) than that at high concentration (10 mmol L(-1)). The degradation of the azo dye reactive brilliant red X-3B (X-3B) by CFS was investigated. The results showed that pH, initial dye concentration and CFS dosage affected the degradation efficiency. For 0.08 mmol L(-1) X-3B simulate wastewater, the optimal pH and CFS dosage were 8.4 and 25 mg L(-1) (as K(2)FeO(4)), and about 99% X-3B was decolorized after 20 min under this conditions. The color decay was considerably faster than the decrease in COD and TOC, which was attributed to the ease of chromophore destruction. Compared with the decolorization, the removal percentage of COD and TOC were 42% and 9% after 60 min, respectively. The Fe(VI) and ClO(-) were contained in CFS, which have synergetic effect for the degradation of X-3B. Additionally, phthalic acid and muconic acid were identified as intermediates by GC/MS, which was in accordance with the lowered pH with the reaction time. The complete mineralization of X-3B cannot be achieved under the oxidation by CFS. And a tentative pathway for the oxidative degradation of X-3B was postulated.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos Azo/química , Naftalenosulfonatos/análisis , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Compuestos Azo/análisis , Técnicas de Química Analítica/métodos , Colorantes/análisis , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Hierro/química , Compuestos de Hierro/química , Modelos Químicos , Soluciones Farmacéuticas , Compuestos de Potasio/química , Soluciones , Temperatura , Factores de Tiempo , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/químicaRESUMEN
To solve the disposal problems of residual sludges, wastewater treatment sludge (WWTS) and drinking-water treatment sludge (DWTS) were tested as components for producing ceramsite. Fe(2)O(3), CaO, and MgO were the major basic oxides in WWTS and DWTS, so their effect on characteristics of ceramsite was also investigated to optimize the process. Results show that WWTS and DWTS can be utilized for producing ceramsite with optimal contents of Fe(2)O(3), CaO, and MgO ranging 5-8%, 2.75-7%, and 1.6-4%, respectively. Ceramsite within the optimal Fe(2)O(3), CaO, and MgO contents ranges was characterized using thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), morphological structures analyses, and compressive strength measurements. Higher strength ceramsite with more complex crystalline phases and fewer pores can be obtained at 6%Asunto(s)
Materiales de Construcción
, Óxidos/química
, Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos
, Purificación del Agua/métodos
, Compuestos de Calcio
, Cristalización
, Compuestos Férricos
, Óxido de Magnesio
, Ensayo de Materiales
, Porosidad
, Aguas del Alcantarillado
RESUMEN
Making lightweight ceramsite with sewage sludge is a new effective approach for disposal of sludge. However, there is a concern as to whether the heavy metals such as Cr6+ in sewage sludge can be solidified in ceramsite after sintering. The configuration of Cr6+ in ceramsite was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and leaching tests were conducted to determine the effects of sintering temperature, pH and H2O2 concentration on the stabilization of Cr6+ in ceramsite. The results show that leaching of Cr6+ changes little at temperatures above 900 degrees C, and both pH and H2O2 concentration have some effects on the leaching of Cr6+. Leaching test results indicate that Cr6+ is stabilized in ceramsite and cannot be easily released to the environment again as secondary pollution, which eliminates the concern for its application. XRD analysis of ceramsite sintered at 1000 degrees C reveals that the main compounds of Cr6+ in ceramsite are Cr2O3 and FeCrO4. The test results provides a better understanding of the factors that affect the mobility of Cr6+, and show it is a safe way to make ceramsite with sludge as an additive.
Asunto(s)
Silicatos de Aluminio , Cromo/análisis , Eliminación de Residuos/métodos , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Silicatos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Arcilla , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Oxidantes/química , Temperatura , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
In order to investigate the effect of sintering temperature on the characteristics of sludge ceramsite and find an optimal sintering temperature, dried sewage sludge, clay, and water glass were mixed at ratios of dried sewage sludge/clay=33% and water glass/clay=15%. Then these mixtures were heated to 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, and 1200 degrees C for production of sludge ceramsite. The sludge ceramsite were characterized by DTA-TGA, SEM-EDS, XRD, and XRF. The results indicate that the differences in thermal behaviours are caused by the compositional and structural variations; the ceramsite sintered at 1000 degrees C has more uniformly distributed finer pores (0.5 micromAsunto(s)
Materiales de Construcción
, Residuos Industriales
, Aguas del Alcantarillado/química
, Absorción
, Adsorción
, Silicatos de Aluminio
, Arcilla
, Conservación de los Recursos Naturales
, Filtración
, Porosidad
, Temperatura
, Agua
RESUMEN
In order to investigate stabilization of heavy metals in ceramsite made with sewage sludge as an additive, the configuration of heavy metals in ceramsite was analysed by XRD and while leaching tests were conducted to find out the effect of sintering temperature (850 degrees C, 900 degrees C, 950 degrees C, 1000 degrees C, 1100 degrees C, and 1200 degrees C), pH (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 12), and H2O2 concentration (0.5molL(-1), 1molL(-1), 1.5molL(-1), 3molL(-1), and 5molL(-1)) on stabilization of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb) in ceramsite. The results indicate that leaching contents of heavy metals do not change above 1000 degrees C and sintering temperature has a significant effect on stabilization of heavy metals in ceramsite; leaching contents of heavy metals decrease as pH increases and increase as H2O2 concentration increases. XRD analysis reveals that the heavy metals exist in steady forms, mainly Pb2O(CrO(4)), CdSiO3, and CuO at 1100 degrees C. It is therefore concluded that heavy metals are properly stabilized in ceramsite and cannot be easily released into the environment again to cause secondary pollution.
Asunto(s)
Cerámica/química , Metales Pesados/química , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Calor , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/química , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
Dried sludge as additive for making ceramsite is a new effective approach for disposal of sludge. In this study sewage sludge, water glass and clay were chosen as the components, the optimal ratio of the components and the most appropriate conditions were obtained. The functions of primary components in the sintering process, porosity formation mechanism and solid phase reaction also have been discussed. The optimized process parameters were shown as follows: the ratio of dried sludge/clay (wt%) was 33%, ratio of adherent /clay (wt%) was 15%, sintering temperature was 1000 degrees C, sintering time was 10 min. Bulk density was 582 kg m(-3), particle density was 1,033 kg m(-3), water absorption was 9.5%, porosity was 43.7%. SEM, EDS, XRD and XRF analyses were also carried out. The results indicate that dried sludge as raw material is a good way for making ceramsite. Biological Aerated Filters (BAFs) with filter media of Guangzhou ceramsite, Jiangxi ceramsite, activated carbon and ceramsite (obtained in test) were selected to treat municipal wastewater. The average removal efficiencies of ceramsite (obtained in test) for turbidity, COD, SCOD and NH3-N were about 96.4%, 76.2%, 59.6% and 82.3% respectively and were higher than those of other ceramsites.
Asunto(s)
Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Materiales de Construcción , Residuos Industriales , Aguas del Alcantarillado/química , Absorción , Adsorción , China , Ciudades , Filtración , Microespectrofotometría , Nefelometría y Turbidimetría , Nitrógeno/metabolismo , Oxígeno/metabolismo , Porosidad , Aguas del Alcantarillado/análisis , Solubilidad , Espectrometría por Rayos X , Temperatura , Factores de Tiempo , AguaRESUMEN
Recent Cryptosporidium outbreaks have highlighted concerns about filter efficiency and especially particle breakthrough. Understanding the causes of breakthrough is essential, as the parasite cannot be destroyed by conventional disinfection with chlorine. Particle breakthrough depends on many factors. This research aims to investigate the influence of temperature, humic acid (HA) level and chemical dosing on particle breakthrough in filtration. A series of temperatures were set at 5 degrees C, 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C; humic acid level was 5 mg L(-1). Each was combined with a series of Al doses. A laser particle counter was used to assess the particle breakthrough online. Turbidity, zeta potential, and UV254 absorption were measured before and after filtration. The results showed that particle breakthrough was influenced significantly by temperature, humic acid and dosing. Particle breakthrough occurred earlier at lower temperature, while at higher temperature it was reduced at the same coagulant dose. With coagulants, even at low dose, particle breakthrough was significantly reduced. With HA 5 mg L(-1), particle breakthrough was earlier and the amount was much larger than without HA even at high temperature. There was an optimal dose in filtration and it was well correlated with zeta potential.
Asunto(s)
Filtración/métodos , Sustancias Húmicas/análisis , Compuestos Orgánicos/química , Compuestos Orgánicos/aislamiento & purificación , Adsorción , Compuestos de Alumbre , Animales , China , Cryptosporidium , Cinética , Nefelometría y Turbidimetría , Tamaño de la Partícula , Temperatura , Termodinámica , Rayos UltravioletaRESUMEN
Chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) in municipal wastewater treatment is particularly suitable for rapidly growing cities. The focus on CEPT process now might be the cost of chemicals and disposal of chemical sludge. In this study, the potential application of adsorbent made from CEPT sludge in CEPT wastewater treatment was investigated in various conditions, such as the adsorbent dosage, pH, and dosing modes of ferric chloride and adsorbent. It was found that sludge-derived adsorbent was a good way of sludge disposal while enhanced pollutants removal rate and reduced the fresh ferric chloride dosage. With the use of 10.0 mg L(-1) of ferric chloride and 0.6 g L(-1) of the adsorbent at the first stage simultaneously, the enhanced removal efficiencies of turbidity, UV254, COD, TP were 83.3%, 52.3%, 48.8% and 89.0%, respectively. The experiments showed that ferric chloride dose was reduced about 50%. The pH played a significant role in coagulation and adsorption process.
Asunto(s)
Aguas del Alcantarillado/química , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Adsorción , Cloruros , Compuestos Férricos/química , Fósforo/química , Fósforo/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
87 patients with pulmonary space-occupied lesions of the peripheral type which were either adhesive or close to pleura were examined using ultrasonography. Of them, 64 cases of lung cancers and 23 of benign lesions were then confirmed by histopathology. Five sonographic features, including configuration, echogenicity patterns, bronchial air phase in foci, margin, and pleural involvement, were significantly different between malignant and benign diseases (P < 0.01). The differential ultrasonography used in this series showed a sensitivity of 61% (14/23), a specificity of 95% (61/64), and an accuracy of 86% (75/87). The results of the study demonstrate that the ultrasonography is helpful in differentiating malignant and benign peripheral lung lesions near the plerua.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Granuloma de Células Plasmáticas del Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Anciano , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundario , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pleura/diagnóstico por imagen , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Cell cultures of Perilla frutescens, growing on Linsmaier and Skoog medium, released more anthocyanin with 40 to 50 g sucrose/l compared with the control of 30 g sucrose/l of medium. More proteins were also released into the medium with the higher sucrose concentration and the cell volume was smaller, suggesting that the higher osmotic pressure, caused by the high sucrose concentration, may cause these releases. The capacitance of the cultured cells indicated a difference in membrane structure between the cells cultivated with different sucrose concentrations, supporting the hypothesis that cell permeabilization is increased at higher sucrose concentrations.