RESUMEN
Hydroxyl compounds are widely present in plants and play essential roles in plant growth and development. High-coverage detection of hydroxyl compounds is crucial for understanding the physiological processes of plants. Despite the prevalence of chemical derivatization-assisted liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (CD-LC-HRMS) in high-coverage detection of compounds with diverse functional groups, the confident identification of these compounds after derivatization remains a significant challenge. Herein, a novel method was developed for the identification of pyridine (PY)-derivatized hydroxyl compounds by comparing the MS/MS similarity of derivatized and corresponding underivatized compounds. Fragmentation rules of standards were summarized, and theoretical calculations have demonstrated the MS/MS similarity of PY-derivatized hydroxyl compounds with their underivatized counterparts. The effectiveness of the developed method was demonstrated by identifying PY-derivatized authentic standards. A total of 90 hydroxyl compounds were putatively identified in maize using the proposed method. This method can significantly enhance ionization efficiency with minimal impact on the quality of the MS/MS spectra, enabling the effective utilization of mass spectra databases for the identification of hydroxyl compounds.
Asunto(s)
Piridinas , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Zea mays , Piridinas/química , Piridinas/análisis , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Zea mays/química , Hidróxidos/química , Estructura Molecular , Cromatografía Líquida con Espectrometría de MasasRESUMEN
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a promising method for characterizing the spatial distribution of compounds. Given the diversified development of acquisition methods and continuous improvements in the sensitivity of this technology, both the total amount of generated data and complexity of analysis have exponentially increased, rendering increasing challenges of data postprocessing, such as large amounts of noise, background signal interferences, as well as image registration deviations caused by sample position changes and scan deviations, and etc. Deep learning (DL) is a powerful tool widely used in data analysis and image reconstruction. This tool enables the automatic feature extraction of data by building and training a neural network model, and achieves comprehensive and in-depth analysis of target data through transfer learning, which has great potential for MSI data analysis. This paper reviews the current research status, application progress and challenges of DL in MSI data analysis, focusing on four core stages: data preprocessing, image reconstruction, cluster analysis, and multimodal fusion. The application of a combination of DL and mass spectrometry imaging in the study of tumor diagnosis and subtype classification is also illustrated. This review also discusses trends of development in the future, aiming to promote a better combination of artificial intelligence and mass spectrometry technology.
Asunto(s)
Aprendizaje Profundo , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Espectrometría de Masas , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Humanos , Análisis de DatosRESUMEN
Circadian disruption predicts poor cancer prognosis, yet how circadian disruption is sensed in sleep-deficiency (SD)-enhanced tumorigenesis remains obscure. Here, we show fatty acid oxidation (FAO) as a circadian sensor relaying from clock disruption to oncogenic metabolic signal in SD-enhanced lung tumorigenesis. Both unbiased transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that FAO senses SD-induced circadian disruption, as illustrated by continuously increased palmitoyl-coenzyme A (PA-CoA) catalyzed by long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1). Mechanistically, SD-dysregulated CLOCK hypertransactivates ACSL1 to produce PA-CoA, which facilitates CLOCK-Cys194 S-palmitoylation in a ZDHHC5-dependent manner. This positive transcription-palmitoylation feedback loop prevents ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of CLOCK, causing FAO-sensed circadian disruption to maintain SD-enhanced cancer stemness. Intriguingly, timed ß-endorphin resets rhythmic Clock and Acsl1 expression to alleviate SD-enhanced tumorigenesis. Sleep quality and serum ß-endorphin are negatively associated with both cancer development and CLOCK/ACSL1 expression in patients with cancer, suggesting dawn-supplemented ß-endorphin as a potential chronotherapeutic strategy for SD-related cancer.
Asunto(s)
Carcinogénesis , Ritmo Circadiano , Coenzima A Ligasas , Ácidos Grasos , Oxidación-Reducción , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Humanos , Animales , Carcinogénesis/genética , Carcinogénesis/metabolismo , Carcinogénesis/patología , Ratones , Coenzima A Ligasas/metabolismo , Coenzima A Ligasas/genética , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Proteínas CLOCK/metabolismo , Proteínas CLOCK/genética , Privación de Sueño/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genéticaRESUMEN
The extensive usage of neonicotinoid insecticides (NIs) has raised many concerns about their potential harm to environment and human health. Thus, it is of great importance to develop an efficient and reliable method to determine NIs in food samples. In this work, three Zr4+-based metal-organic frameworks functionalized with various numbers of hydroxyl groups were fabricated with a facile one-pot solvothermal method. Among them, dihydroxy modified UiO-66 (UiO-66-(OH)2) exhibited best adsorption performance towards five target NIs. Then, a sensitive and efficient method for detection of NIs from vegetable and fruit samples was established based on dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) with UiO-66-(OH)2 as adsorbent coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Key parameters affecting the dSPE procedure including amounts of adsorbent, adsorption time, eluent solvents and desorption time were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, rapid adsorption of NIs within five minutes was achieved due to the high affinity of UiO-66-(OH)2 towards NIs. The developed method exhibited high sensitivity with limits of detection (LODs) varied from 0.003 to 0.03 ng/mL and wide linearity range over 3-4 orders of magnitude from 0.01 to 500 ng/mL. Furthermore, the established method was applied for determining trace NIs from complex matrices with recoveries ranging from 74.6 to 99.6 % and 77.0-106.8 % for pear and tomato samples, respectively. The results indicate the potential of UiO-66-(OH)2 for efficient enrichment of trace NIs from complex matrices.
Asunto(s)
Insecticidas , Límite de Detección , Estructuras Metalorgánicas , Extracción en Fase Sólida , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Verduras , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Extracción en Fase Sólida/métodos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Insecticidas/análisis , Insecticidas/aislamiento & purificación , Insecticidas/química , Estructuras Metalorgánicas/química , Adsorción , Verduras/química , Neonicotinoides/análisis , Neonicotinoides/química , Neonicotinoides/aislamiento & purificación , Frutas/química , Anabasina/análisis , Anabasina/química , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Circonio/química , Ácidos FtálicosRESUMEN
Alteration of cell metabolism is one of the essential characteristics of tumor growth. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the initiating cells of tumorigenesis, proliferation, recurrence, and other processes, and play an important role in therapeutic resistance and metastasis. Thus, identification of the metabolic profiles in prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) is critical to understanding prostate cancer progression. Using untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics methods, we show distinct metabolic differences between prostate cancer cells and PCSCs. Urea cycle is the most significantly altered metabolic pathway in PCSCs, the key metabolites arginine and proline are evidently elevated. Proline promotes cancer stem-like characteristics via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1), which catalyzes the conversion of pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid to proline, is highly expressed in PCSCs, and the inhibition of PYCR1 suppresses the stem-like characteristics of prostate cancer cells and tumor growth. In addition, carnitine and free fatty acid levels are significantly increased, indicating reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism in PCSCs. Reduced sphingolipid levels and increased triglyceride levels are also observed. Collectively, our data illustrate the comprehensive landscape of the metabolic reprogramming of PCSCs and provide potential therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer.
Asunto(s)
Células Madre Neoplásicas , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Pirrolina Carboxilato Reductasas , Urea , delta-1-Pirrolina-5-Carboxilato Reductasa , Masculino , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Células Madre Neoplásicas/patología , Pirrolina Carboxilato Reductasas/metabolismo , Urea/metabolismo , Animales , Ratones , Línea Celular Tumoral , Transducción de Señal , Janus Quinasa 2/metabolismo , Metabolómica/métodos , Prolina/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Esferoides Celulares/metabolismo , Esferoides Celulares/patología , Proliferación Celular , Lipidómica/métodosRESUMEN
Fragmentation characteristics are crucial for nontargeted screening to discover and identify unknown exogenous chemical residues in animal-derived foods. In this study, first, fragmentation characteristics of 51 classes of exogenous chemical residues were summarized based on experimental mass spectra of standards in reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and mass spectra from the MassBank of North America (MoNA) library. According to the proportion of fragmentation characteristics to the total number of chemical residues in each class, four screening levels were defined to classify 51 classes of chemical residues. Then, a nontargeted screening method was developed based on the fragmentation characteristics. The evaluation results of 82 standards indicated that more than 90 % of the chemical residues with MS/MS spectra can be identified at concentrations of 100 and 500 µg/kg, and about 80 % can be identified at 10 µg/kg. Finally, the nontargeted screening method was applied to 16 meat samples and 21 egg samples as examples. As a result, eight chemical residues and transformation products (TPs) of 5 classes in the exemplary samples were found and identified, in which 3 TPs of azithromycin were identified by fragmentation characteristics-assisted structure interpretation. The results demonstrated the practicability of the nontargeted screening method for routine risk screening of food safety.
Asunto(s)
Análisis de los Alimentos , Sustancias Peligrosas , Cromatografía Líquida con Espectrometría de Masas , Análisis de los Alimentos/instrumentación , Análisis de los Alimentos/métodos , Análisis de los Alimentos/normas , Huevos/análisis , Carne/análisis , Inocuidad de los Alimentos , Bases de Datos de Compuestos Químicos , Sustancias Peligrosas/análisis , Agroquímicos/análisis , Estructura Molecular , AnimalesRESUMEN
Although adverse environmental exposures are considered a major cause of chronic diseases, current studies provide limited information on real-world chemical exposures and related risks. For this study, we collected serum samples from 5696 healthy people and patients, including those with 12 chronic diseases, in China and completed serum biomonitoring including 267 chemicals via gas and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Seventy-four highly frequently detected exposures were used for exposure characterization and risk analysis. The results show that region is the most critical factor influencing human exposure levels, followed by age. Organochlorine pesticides and perfluoroalkyl substances are associated with multiple chronic diseases, and some of them exceed safe ranges. Multi-exposure models reveal significant risk effects of exposure on hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive human serum exposome atlas and disease risk information, which can guide subsequent in-depth cause-and-effect studies between environmental exposures and human health.
Asunto(s)
Exposoma , Plaguicidas , Humanos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Plaguicidas/toxicidad , Enfermedad Crónica , China/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
High-coverage mass spectrometry analysis of single-cell metabolomics remains challenging due to the extremely low abundance and wide polarity of metabolites and ultra-small volume in single cells. Herein, a novel concentric hybrid ionization source, nanoelectrospray ionization-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (nanoESI-APCI), is ingeniously designed to detect polar and nonpolar metabolites simultaneously in single cells. The source is constructed by inserting a pulled glass capillary coaxially into a glass tube that acts as a dielectric barrier layer. Benefitting from the integrated advantages of nanoESI and APCI, its limit of detection is improved by one order of magnitude to 10 pg mL-1. After the operational parameter optimization, 254 metabolites detected in nanoESI-APCI are tentatively identified from a single cell, and 82 more than those in nanoESI. The developed nanoESI-APCI is successively applied to study the metabolic heterogeneity of human hepatocellular carcinoma tissue microenvironment united with laser capture microdissection (LCM), the discrimination of cancer cell types and subtypes, the metabolic perturbations to glucose starvation in MCF7 cells and the metabolic regulation of cancer stem cells. These results demonstrated that the nanoESI-APCI not only opens a new avenue for high-coverage and high-sensitivity metabolomics analysis of single cell, but also facilitates spatially resolved metabolomics study coupled with LCM.
Asunto(s)
Metabolómica , Análisis de la Célula Individual , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Metabolómica/métodos , Humanos , Análisis de la Célula Individual/métodos , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/métodos , Presión Atmosférica , Nanotecnología/métodos , Células MCF-7 , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a common liver disease with a prevalence of up to 25%; it not only adversely affects human health but also aggravates the economic burden of society. An increasing number of studies have suggested that the occurrence of chronic noncommunicable diseases is affected by both environmental exposures and genetic factors. Research has also shown that environmental pollution may increase the risk of MAFLD and promote its occurrence and development. However, the relationship between these concepts, as well as the underlying exposure effects and mechanism, remains incompletely understood. Lipidomics, a branch of metabolomics that studies lipid disorders, can help researchers investigate abnormal lipid metabolites in various disease states. Lipidome-exposome wide association studies are a promising paradigm for investigating the health effects of cumulative environmental exposures on biological responses, and could provide new ideas for determining the associations between metabolic and lipid changes and disease risk caused by chemical-pollutant exposure. Hence, in this study, targeted exposomics and nontargeted lipidomics studies based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) were used to characterize exogenous chemical pollutants and endogenous lipid metabolites in the sera of patients with MAFLD and healthy subjects. The results demonstrated that fipronil sulfone, malathion dicarboxylic acid, and monocyclohexyl phthalate may be positively associated with the disease risk of patients diagnosed as simple fatty liver disease (hereafter referred to as MAFLD(0)). Moreover, fipronil sulfone, acesulfame potassium, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), 4-hydroxybenzophenone, and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (DBPOB) may be positively associated with the disease risk of patients diagnosed as fatty liver complicated by single or multiple metabolic disorders. Association analysis was carried out to explore the lipid metabolites induced by chemical residues. Triglyceride (TG) and diglyceride (DG) were significantly increased in MAFLD and MAFLD(0). The numbers of carbons of significantly changed DGs and TGs were mainly in the ranges of 32-40 and 35-60, respectively, and both were mainly characterized by changes in polyunsaturated lipids. Most of the lipid-effect markers were positively correlated with chemical residues and associated with increased disease risk. Our research provides a scientific basis for studies on the association and mechanism between serum chemical-pollutant residues and disease outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ambientales , Exposoma , Humanos , Contaminantes Ambientales/efectos adversos , Lipidómica , Medición de Riesgo , Espectrometría de Masas en TándemRESUMEN
The occurrence and development of human diseases are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Research models that describe disease occurrence only from the perspective of genetics present certain limitations. In recent years, effects of environment factors on the occurrence and development of diseases have attracted extensive attentions. Exposomics focuses on the measurement of all exposure factors in an individual's life and how these factors are related to disease development. Exposomics provides new ideas to promote studies on the relationship between human health and environmental factors. Environmental exposures are characterized with different physical and chemical properties, as well as very low concentrations in vivo, which contribute great challenges in the comprehensive measurement of chemical residues in the human body. Chromatography-mass spectrometry-based technologies combine the high-efficiency separation ability of chromatography with the high resolution and sensitive detection characteristics of mass spectrometry; the combination of these techniques can achieve the high-coverage, high-throughput, and sensitive detection of environmental exposures, thus providing a powerful tool for measuring chemical exposures. Exposomics-analysis methods based on chromatography-mass spectrometry mainly include targeted quantitative analysis, suspect screening, and non-targeted screening. To explore the relationship between environmental exposure and the occurrence and development of diseases, researchers have developed research paradigms, including exposome wide association study, mixed-exposure study, exposomics and multi-omics (genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome)-association study, and so on. The emergence of these methods has brought about unprecedented developments in exposomics studies. In this manuscript, analytical methods based on chromatography-mass spectrometry, exposomics research paradigms, and their relevant prospects are reviewed.
Asunto(s)
Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Metaboloma , Humanos , Cromatografía Liquida , Espectrometría de Masas , Análisis EspectralRESUMEN
Plant diterpene glycosides are essential for diverse physiological processes. Comprehensive structural characterization proved to be a challenge due to variations in glycosylation patterns, diverse aglycone structures, and the absence of comprehensive reference databases. In this study, a method for fine-scale characterization was proposed based on energy-resolved (ER) untargeted LC-MS/MS metabolomics analysis using steviol glycosides as a demonstration. Energy-dependent fragmentation patterns were unveiled by a series of model compounds. Distinct glycosylation sites were discerned by leveraging varying fragmentation energies for the precursor ions. The sugar moiety linkage at C19OOH (R1) exhibited facile and intact cleavage at low collision energies, while the sugar moiety at C13-OH (R2) demonstrated consecutive cleavage with increasing energy. Aglycone ions exhibited a higher relative intensity at NCE 50, with relative intensities ranging from 95% to 100%. Subsequently, aglycone candidates, R1 sugar composition, and R2 sugar sequence were deduced through ER-MS/MS analysis. The developed method was applied to Stevia rebaudiana leaves. A total of 91 diterpene glycosides were unambiguously identified, including 16 steviol glycosides with novel acetylglycosylation patterns. This method offers a rapid alternative for glycan analysis and the structural differentiation of isomers. The developed method enhances the understanding of diterpene glycosides in plants, providing a reliable tool for the in-depth characterization of complex metabolite profiles.
Asunto(s)
Diterpenos de Tipo Kaurano , Diterpenos , Glucósidos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Cromatografía Liquida , Cromatografía Líquida con Espectrometría de Masas , Diterpenos/análisis , Glicósidos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Azúcares/análisis , Iones/análisis , Hojas de la Planta/químicaRESUMEN
Emerging evidence suggests that modulation of gut microbiota by dietary fibre may offer solutions for metabolic disorders. In a randomized placebo-controlled crossover design trial (ChiCTR-TTRCC-13003333) in 37 participants with overweight or obesity, we test whether resistant starch (RS) as a dietary supplement influences obesity-related outcomes. Here, we show that RS supplementation for 8 weeks can help to achieve weight loss (mean -2.8 kg) and improve insulin resistance in individuals with excess body weight. The benefits of RS are associated with changes in gut microbiota composition. Supplementation with Bifidobacterium adolescentis, a species that is markedly associated with the alleviation of obesity in the study participants, protects male mice from diet-induced obesity. Mechanistically, the RS-induced changes in the gut microbiota alter the bile acid profile, reduce inflammation by restoring the intestinal barrier and inhibit lipid absorption. We demonstrate that RS can facilitate weight loss at least partially through B. adolescentis and that the gut microbiota is essential for the action of RS.
Asunto(s)
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Obesidad/microbiología , Sobrepeso , Almidón Resistente , Aumento de Peso , Pérdida de Peso , Estudios CruzadosRESUMEN
The co-occurrence of multiple chronic metabolic diseases is highly prevalent, posing a huge health threat. Clarifying the metabolic associations between them, as well as identifying metabolites which allow discrimination between diseases, will provide new biological insights into their co-occurrence. Herein, we utilized targeted serum metabolomics and lipidomics covering over 700 metabolites to characterize metabolic alterations and associations related to seven chronic metabolic diseases (obesity, hypertension, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, fatty liver) from 1626 participants. We identified 454 metabolites were shared among at least two chronic metabolic diseases, accounting for 73.3% of all 619 significant metabolite-disease associations. We found amino acids, lactic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, triacylglycerols (TGs), and diacylglycerols (DGs) showed connectivity across multiple chronic metabolic diseases. Many carnitines were specifically associated with hyperuricemia. The hypercholesterolemia group showed obvious lipid metabolism disorder. Using logistic regression models, we further identified distinguished metabolites of seven chronic metabolic diseases, which exhibited satisfactory area under curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.848 to 1 in discovery and validation sets. Overall, quantitative metabolome and lipidome data sets revealed widespread and interconnected metabolic disorders among seven chronic metabolic diseases. The distinguished metabolites are useful for diagnosing chronic metabolic diseases and provide a reference value for further clinical intervention and management based on metabolomics strategy.
Asunto(s)
Lipidómica , Enfermedades Metabólicas , Metabolómica , Humanos , Lipidómica/métodos , Metabolómica/métodos , Masculino , Enfermedad Crónica , Enfermedades Metabólicas/sangre , Enfermedades Metabólicas/metabolismo , Enfermedades Metabólicas/diagnóstico , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metaboloma , Adulto , Hipercolesterolemia/sangre , Hipercolesterolemia/metabolismo , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Hiperuricemia/sangre , Hiperuricemia/metabolismo , AncianoRESUMEN
Untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) provides comprehensive insights into the dynamic changes of metabolites in biological systems. However, numerous unidentified metabolic features limit its utilization. In this study, a novel approach, the Chemical Classification-driven Molecular Network (CCMN), was proposed to unveil key metabolic pathways by leveraging hidden information within unidentified metabolic features. The method was demonstrated by using the herbivore-induced metabolic response in corn silk as a case study. Untargeted metabolomics analysis using UPLC-MS/MS was performed on wild corn silk and two genetically modified lines (pre- and postinsect treatment). Global annotation initially identified 256 (ESI-) and 327 (ESI+) metabolites. MS/MS-based classifications predicted 1939 (ESI-) and 1985 (ESI+) metabolic features into the chemical classes. CCMNs were then constructed using metabolic features shared classes, which facilitated the structure- or class annotation for completely unknown metabolic features. Next, 844/713 significantly decreased and 1593/1378 increased metabolites in ESI-/ESI+ modes were defined in response to insect herbivory, respectively. Method validation on a spiked maize sample demonstrated an overall class prediction accuracy rate of 95.7%. Potential key pathways were prescreened by a hypergeometric test using both structure- and class-annotated differential metabolites. Subsequently, CCMN was used to deeply amend and uncover the pathway metabolites deeply. Finally, 8 key pathways were defined, including phenylpropanoid (C6-C3), flavonoid, octadecanoid, diterpenoid, lignan, steroid, amino acid/small peptide, and monoterpenoid. This study highlights the effectiveness of leveraging unidentified metabolic features. CCMN-based key pathway analysis reduced the bias in conventional pathway enrichment analysis. It provides valuable insights into complex biological processes.
Asunto(s)
Metabolómica , Zea mays , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Metabolómica/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodosRESUMEN
Dipeptides in sauce-flavor Baijiu Daqu are protein degradation products during the fermentation of Daqu, which are believed to play a crucial role in the flavor and quality of Baijiu. Herein, we integrated dansyl chloride derivatization with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) for comprehensively profiling dipeptides in Daqu. The derivatization efficiency was higher than 99.1 % for all 17 dipeptide standards under the optimized derivatization conditions. In total, 118 dipeptides were detected in Daqu. The method was validated and the analytical characteristics including the linearity (spanned across 2-4 orders of magnitude), precision (1.2-19.9 %), limit of detection (varied from 1.1 to 53.4 pmol/mL) and the stability (3.6-15.8 %) are satisfactory. The usefulness of the method was examined by studying the distribution characteristics of dipeptides in Daqu under different production conditions. The present method provides an effective and robust strategy for comprehensively analyzing dipeptide compounds in complex biological samples.
RESUMEN
Unknown or unexpected chemical contaminants and/or their transformation products in food that may be harmful to humans need to be discovered for comprehensive safety evaluation. Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is a powerful tool for detecting chemical contaminants in food samples. However, identifying all of peaks in LC-HRMS is not possible, but if class information is known in advance, further identification will become easier. In this work, a novel MS2 spectra classification-driven screening strategy was constructed based on LC-HRMS and machine learning. First, the classification model was developed based on machine learning algorithm using class information and experimental MS2 data of chemical contaminants and other non-contaminants. By using the developed artificial neural network classification model, in total 32 classes of pesticides, veterinary drugs and mycotoxins were classified with good prediction accuracy and low false-positive rate. Based on the classification model, a screening procedure was developed in which the classes of unknown features in LC-HRMS were first predicted through the classification model, and then their structures were identified under the guidance of class information. Finally, the developed strategy was tentatively applied to the analysis of pork and aquatic products, and 8 chemical contaminants and 11 transformation products belonging to 8 classes were found. This strategy enables screening of unknown chemical contaminants and transformation products in complex food matrices.
Asunto(s)
Algoritmos , Micotoxinas , Humanos , Cromatografía Líquida con Espectrometría de Masas , Aprendizaje Automático , Redes Neurales de la ComputaciónRESUMEN
Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is widely used in untargeted metabolomics, but large-scale and high-accuracy metabolite annotation remains a challenge due to the complex nature of biological samples. Recently introduced electron impact excitation of ions from organics (EIEIO) fragmentation can generate information-rich fragment ions. However, effective utilization of EIEIO tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is hindered by the lack of reference spectral databases. Molecular networking (MN) shows great promise in large-scale metabolome annotation, but enhancing the correlation between spectral and structural similarity is essential to fully exploring the benefits of MN annotation. In this study, a novel approach was proposed to enhance metabolite annotation in untargeted metabolomics using EIEIO and MN. MS/MS spectra were acquired in EIEIO and collision-induced dissociation (CID) modes for over 400 reference metabolites. The study revealed a stronger correlation between the EIEIO spectra and metabolite structure. Moreover, the EIEIO spectral network outperformed the CID spectral network in capturing structural analogues. The annotation performance of the structural similarity network for untargeted LC-MS/MS was evaluated. For the spiked NIST SRM 1950 human plasma, the annotation coverage and accuracy were 72.94 and 74.19%, respectively. A total of 2337 metabolite features were successfully annotated in NIST SRM 1950 human plasma, which was twice that of LC-CID MS/MS. Finally, the developed method was applied to investigate prostate cancer. A total of 87 significantly differential metabolites were annotated. This study combining EIEIO and MN makes a valuable contribution to improving metabolome annotation.
Asunto(s)
Electrones , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Masculino , Humanos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Metaboloma , Metabolómica/métodos , Iones/químicaRESUMEN
Gut microbiota, widely populating the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, plays an important role in regulating diverse pathophysiological processes by producing bioactive molecules. Extensive detection of these molecules contributes to probing microbiota function but is limited by insufficient identification of existing analytical methods. In this study, a systematic strategy was proposed to detect and annotate gut microbiota-related metabolites on a large scale. A pentafluorophenyl (PFP) column-based liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was first developed for high-coverage analysis of gut microbiota-related metabolites, which was verified to be stable and robust with a wide linearity range, high sensitivity, satisfactory recovery, and repeatability. Then, an informative database integrating 968 knowledge-based microbiota-related metabolites and 282 sample-sourced ones defined by germ-free (GF)/antibiotic-treated (ABX) models was constructed and subsequently used for targeted extraction and annotation in biological samples. Using pooled feces, plasma, and urine of mice for demonstration application, 672 microbiota-related metabolites were annotated, including 21% neglected by routine nontargeted peak detection. This strategy serves as a useful tool for the comprehensive capture of the intestinal flora metabolome, contributing to our deeper understanding of microbe-host interactions.
Asunto(s)
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Metabolómica , Ratones , Animales , Metabolómica/métodos , Metaboloma , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , MamíferosRESUMEN
Peritoneal fibrosis together with increased capillaries is the primary cause of peritoneal dialysis failure. Mesothelial cell loss is an initiating event for peritoneal fibrosis. We find that the elevated glucose concentrations in peritoneal dialysate drive mesothelial cell pyroptosis in a manner dependent on caspase-3 and Gasdermin E, driving downstream inflammatory responses, including the activation of macrophages. Moreover, pyroptosis is associated with elevated vascular endothelial growth factor A and C, two key factors in vascular angiogenesis and lymphatic vessel formation. GSDME deficiency mice are protected from high glucose induced peritoneal fibrosis and ultrafiltration failure. Application of melatonin abrogates mesothelial cell pyroptosis through a MT1R-mediated action, and successfully reduces peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis in an animal model while preserving dialysis efficacy. Mechanistically, melatonin treatment maintains mitochondrial integrity in mesothelial cells, meanwhile activating mTOR signaling through an increase in the glycolysis product dihydroxyacetone phosphate. These effects together with quenching free radicals by melatonin help mesothelial cells maintain a relatively stable internal environment in the face of high-glucose stress. Thus, Melatonin treatment holds some promise in preserving mesothelium integrity and in decreasing angiogenesis to protect peritoneum function in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.