Efficacy and safety of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): A protocol for systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The pathological mechanism of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is closely related to abnormal lipid regulation in hepatocytes. Patients with NASH generally have a significant increase in de novo lipogenesis, which acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the first committed step. However, the treatment with ACC inhibitors remains controversial. Thus, our study will systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of ACC inhibitors for the treatment of NASH. METHODS: We plan to search PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wan-fang Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure to obtain literatures from January 2015 to January 2030 under the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and include randomized controlled trials containing intervention of ACC inhibitors for NASH. The proportion of patients with reduction in ballooning, inflammation and fibrosis will be accepted as the main outcome. RoB 2 will be used for the risk of bias, as well as Egger's test and funnel plot for reporting bias. We will adopt Review Manager 5.4.1 for data synthesis, subgroup analysis, meta-regression analysis and sensitivity analysis, and conduct trial sequential analysis and quality of evidence evaluation using trial sequential analysis 0.9.5.10 Beta software and GRADE Profiler 3.6.1 software respectively. RESULTS: This systematic review will assess the proportion of patients with reduction of ballooning, inflammation and fibrosis, changes in hepatic steatosis, levels of liver enzymes and liver injury markers, metabolic parameters, safety and tolerability to measure the clinical benefits of ACC inhibitors for NASH. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this systematic review will achieve convincing evidence to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ACC inhibitors for NASH.

Strain-Modulated Slater-Mott Crossover of Pseudospin-Half Square-Lattice in (SrIrO_{3})_{1}/(SrTiO_{3})_{1} Superlattices.

We report on the epitaxial strain-driven electronic and antiferromagnetic modulations of a pseudospin-half square-lattice realized in superlattices of (SrIrO_{3})_{1}/(SrTiO_{3})_{1}. With increasing compressive strain, we find the low-temperature insulating behavior to be strongly suppressed with a corresponding systematic reduction of both the Néel temperature and the staggered moment. However, despite such a suppression, the system remains weakly insulating above the Néel transition. The emergence of metallicity is observed under large compressive strain but only at temperatures far above the Néel transition. These behaviors are characteristics of the Slater-Mott crossover regime, providing a unique experimental model system of the spin-half Hubbard Hamiltonian with a tunable intermediate coupling strength.

Emergent electric field control of phase transformation in oxide superlattices.

Electric fields can transform materials with respect to their structure and properties, enabling various applications ranging from batteries to spintronics. Recently electrolytic gating, which can generate large electric fields and voltage-driven ion transfer, has been identified as a powerful means to achieve electric-field-controlled phase transformations. The class of transition metal oxides provide many potential candidates that present a strong response under electrolytic gating. However, very few show a reversible structural transformation at room-temperature. Here, we report the realization of a digitally synthesized transition metal oxide that shows a reversible, electric-field-controlled transformation between distinct crystalline phases at room-temperature. In superlattices comprised of alternating one-unit-cell of SrIrO3 and La0.2Sr0.8MnO3, we find a reversible phase transformation with a 7% lattice change and dramatic modulation in chemical, electronic, magnetic and optical properties, mediated by the reversible transfer of oxygen and hydrogen ions. Strikingly, this phase transformation is absent in the constituent oxides, solid solutions and larger period superlattices. Our findings open up this class of materials for voltage-controlled functionality.

Ion Migration Studies in Exfoliated 2D Molybdenum Oxide via Ionic Liquid Gating for Neuromorphic Device Applications.

The formation of an electric double layer in ionic liquid (IL) can electrostatically induce charge carriers and/or intercalate ions in and out of the lattice which can trigger a large change of the electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of materials and even modify the crystal structure. We present a systematic study of ionic liquid gating of exfoliated 2D molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) devices and correlate the resultant electrical properties to the electrochemical doping via ion migration during the IL biasing process. A nearly 9 orders of magnitude modulation of the MoO3 conductivity is obtained for the two types of ionic liquids that are investigated. In addition, notably rapid on/off switching was realized through a lithium-containing ionic liquid whereas much slower modulation was induced via oxygen extraction/intercalation. Time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry confirms the Li intercalation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out to examine the underlying metallization mechanism. Results of short-pulse tests show the potential of these MoO3 devices as neuromorphic computing elements due to their synaptic plasticity.