Comparison of vonoprazan bismuth-containing triple therapy with quadruple therapy in Helicobacter pylori-infected treatment-naive patients: a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Helicobacter pylori infection is linked to various gastrointestinal conditions, such as chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Traditional treatment options encounter difficulties due to antibiotic resistance and adverse effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of a new treatment plan that combines vonoprazan (VPZ), amoxicillin, and bismuth for the eradication of H. pylori. METHODS: A total of 600 patients infected with H. pylori were recruited for this multicenter randomized controlled trial. Patients treated for H. pylori elimination were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to receive 14 days of vonoprazan-based triple therapy (vonoprazan + amoxicillin + bismuth, group A) or standard quadruple therapy (esomeprazole + clarithromycin + amoxicillin + bismuth, group B). Compliance and adverse effects were tracked through daily medication and side effect records. All patients underwent a 13C/14C-urea breath test 4 weeks after treatment completion. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses revealed no substantial differences in H. pylori eradication rates between groups A and B (ITT: 83.7% vs 83.2%; PP: 90.9% vs 89.7%). However, significant differences were observed in the assessment of side effects (13.7% vs 28.6%, P < 0.001). Specifically, group A had significantly fewer "bitter mouths" than group B did (3.7% vs 16.2%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Triple therapy comprising vonoprazan (20 mg), amoxicillin (750 mg), and bismuth potassium citrate (220 mg) achieved a PP eradication rate ≥90%, paralleling standard quadruple therapy, and had fewer adverse events and lower costs (¥306.8 vs ¥645.8) for treatment-naive patients.

SERPINB3/B4 Is Increased in Psoriasis and Rosacea Lesions and Has Proinflammatory Effects in Mouse Models of these Diseases.

Psoriasis and rosacea are both chronic inflammatory skin disorders resulted from aberrant keratinocyte-immune cell crosstalk, but the common molecular foundations for these 2 conditions are poorly understood. In this study, we reveal that both patients with psoriasis and those with rosacea as well as their mouse models have significantly elevated expressions of SERPINB3/B4 (members of serine protease inhibitor) in the lesional skin. Skin inflammation in mice that resembles both psoriasis and rosacea is prevented by SERPINB3/B4 deficiency. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that SERPINB3/B4 positively induces NF-κB signaling activation, thereby stimulating disease-characteristic inflammatory chemokines and cytokines production in keratinocytes and promoting the chemotaxis of CD4+ T cells. Our results suggest that in keratinocytes, SERPINB3/B4 may be involved in the pathogenesis of both psoriasis and rosacea by stimulating NF-κB signaling, and they indicate a possible treatment overlap between these 2 diseases.

Graph theoretical analysis and independent component analysis of diabetic optic neuropathy: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the resting-state functional connectivity and topologic characteristics of brain networks in patients with diabetic optic neuropathy (DON). METHODS: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed on 23 patients and 41 healthy control (HC) subjects. We used independent component analysis and graph theoretical analysis to determine the topologic characteristics of the brain and as well as functional network connectivity (FNC) and topologic properties of brain networks. RESULTS: Compared with HCs, patients with DON showed altered global characteristics. At the nodal level, the DON group had fewer nodal degrees in the thalamus and insula, and a greater number in the right rolandic operculum, right postcentral gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus. In the internetwork comparison, DON patients showed significantly increased FNC between the left frontoparietal network (FPN-L) and ventral attention network (VAN). Additionally, in the intranetwork comparison, connectivity between the left medial superior frontal gyrus (MSFG) of the default network (DMN) and left putamen of auditory network was decreased in the DON group. CONCLUSION: DON patients altered node properties and connectivity in the DMN, auditory network, FPN-L, and VAN. These results provide evidence of the involvement of specific brain networks in the pathophysiology of DON.

Detection of evoked resonant neural activity in Parkinson's disease.

Objective. This study investigated a machine-learning approach to detect the presence of evoked resonant neural activity (ERNA) recorded during deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in people with Parkinson's disease.Approach. Seven binary classifiers were trained to distinguish ERNA from the background neural activity using eight different time-domain signal features.Main results. Nested cross-validation revealed a strong classification performance of 99.1% accuracy, with 99.6% specificity and 98.7% sensitivity to detect ERNA. Using a semi-simulated ERNA dataset, the results show that a signal-to-noise ratio of 15 dB is required to maintain a 90% classifier sensitivity. ERNA detection is feasible with an appropriate combination of signal processing, feature extraction and classifier. Future work should consider reducing the computational complexity for use in real-time applications.Significance. The presence of ERNA can be used to indicate the location of a DBS electrode array during implantation surgery. The confidence score of the detector could be useful for assisting clinicians to adjust the position of the DBS electrode array inside/outside the STN.

A new freshwater species of Pinnularia (Bacillariophyta) from Hunan Province, China.

This study describes a new species of Pinnularia, P.hupingensissp. nov., on the basis of light and scanning electron microscope images. Pinnulariahupingensissp. nov. is characterised by its linear valve outline, extremely divergent striae, and very large hexagonal central area occupying ca. 1/5-1/8 of the valve length. The primary and secondary sides of the valve and the internal proximal raphe fissures are discussed. The new species is compared to similar taxa of the genus Pinnularia.

Ocular microvascular alteration in patients with myocardial infarction-a new OCTA study.

Myocardial infarction is defined as a sudden decrease or interruption in blood flow to the coronary arteries, causing ischemic necrosis of the corresponding cardiomyocytes. It is unclear whether systemic macrovascular alterations are associated with retinal microvascular changes. This study utilized optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to compare variations in conjunctival vascular density and fundus retinal vessel density between patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and healthy controls. This study recruited 16 patients (32 eyes) with MI and 16 healthy controls (32 eyes). The superficial retinal layer (SRL), deep retinal layer (DRL) and conjunctival capillary plexus in each eye were evaluated by OCTA. Parameters measured included the density of the temporal conjunctival capillary, retinal microvascular (MIR) and macrovascular (MAR) alterations and total MIR (TMI). The microvascular density of each retinal region was evaluated by the hemisphere segmentation (SR, SL, IL, and IR), annular partition (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and C6), and modified early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study (R, S, L, and I) methods. In the macular area, the superficial and deep retinal microvascular densities displayed notable variations. In the superficial layers, the superficial TMI, superficial MIR, and superficial MAR, as well as densities in the SL, IL, S, L, C1, C2, C5 and C6 regions, were significantly lower in MI patients (p < 0.05 each). In the deep layers, the deep MIR and deep TMI), as well as densities in the SL, IL, L, C1, C2 and C6 regions were significantly lower in MI patients (p < 0.05 each). In contrast, the conjunctival microvascular density was significantly higher in MI patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.001). The microvascular densities measured in the deep and superficial retinal layers and in the conjunctiva differ in MI patients and healthy controls. OCTA is effective in detecting changes in the ocular microcirculation.

Prediction Model of Ocular Metastases in Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Machine Learning-Based Development and Interpretation Study.

Background: Although gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) related ocular metastasis (OM) is rare, its occurrence indicates a more severe disease. We aimed to utilize machine learning (ML) to analyze the risk factors of GA-related OM and predict its risks. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of 3532 GA patients were collected and randomly classified into training and validation sets in a ratio of 7:3. Those with or without OM were classified into OM and non-OM (NOM) groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were conducted. We integrated the variables identified through feature importance ranking and further refined the selection process using forward sequential feature selection based on random forest (RF) algorithm before incorporating them into the ML model. We applied six ML algorithms to construct the predictive GA model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated the model's predictive ability. Also, we established a network risk calculator based on the best performance model. We used Shapley additive interpretation (SHAP) to identify risk factors and to confirm the interpretability of the black box model. We have de-identified all patient details. Results: The ML model, consisting of 13 variables, achieved an optimal predictive performance using the gradient boosting machine (GBM) model, with an impressive area under the curve (AUC) of 0.997 in the test set. Utilizing the SHAP method, we identified crucial factors for OM in GA patients, including LDL, CA724, CEA, AFP, CA125, Hb, CA153, and Ca2+. Additionally, we validated the model's reliability through an analysis of two patient cases and developed a functional online web prediction calculator based on the GBM model. Conclusion: We used the ML method to establish a risk prediction model for GA-related OM and showed that GBM performed best among the six ML models. The model may identify patients with GA-related OM to provide early and timely treatment.

Retinal microvascular and microstructural alterations in the diagnosis of meibomian gland dysfunction in severely obese population: a new approach.

AIM: To study retinal microvascular and microstructural alterations in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in severely obese population using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS: Twelve MGD patients with severely obese population (PAT group; 24 eyes) and 12 healthy controls (HC group; 24 eyes) were recruited. OCTA images were segmented into five [superior (S), nasal (N), inferior (I), temporal (T), and central foveal (C)] or nine [inner superior (IS), outer superior (OS), inner nasal (IN), outer nasal (ON), inner inferior (II), outer inferior (OI), inner temporal (IT), outer temporal (OT), and C] subregions. The superficial vessel density (SVD), retinal thickness (RT), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters, and retinal volume were measured. RESULTS: Visual acuity was significantly different between two groups (0.8±0.17 in PAT group vs 0.2±0.06 in HC group). SVD was significantly lower in PATs in N, T, OS, IN, OT, and ON. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for T was 0.961 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.908 to 1.000], for OS was 0.962 (95%CI: 0.915 to 1.000). RT was significantly lower in PATs in IS, OS, OI, OT, ON, IT, IN, and II. AUC for OT was 0.935 (95%CI: 0.870 to 0.999), for IS was 0.915 (95% CI: 0.838 to 0.992). Angiography results showed significantly lower area and perimeter of FAZ, SVD of the inner retina and both retinal volume and the average volume thickness in the PAT group. CONCLUSION: Vision may be affected in patients with MGD due to changes in retinal microvessels and microstructures. These changes detected by OCTA may be a potential marker for diagnosing MGD in severe obesity.

Targeting Aquaporin-3 Attenuates Skin Inflammation in Rosacea.

Rosacea is a common inflammatory skin disorder mediated by the dysregulation of both keratinocytes and T cells. Here, we report that aquaporin 3 (AQP3), a channel protein that mediates the transport of water/glycerol, was highly expressed in the epidermis and CD4+ T cells of both rosacea patients and experimental mice. Specifically, AQP3 deletion blocked the development of rosacea-like skin inflammation in model mice with LL37-induced rosacea-like disease. We also present mechanistic evidence showing that AQP3 was essential to the activation of NF-κB signaling and subsequent production of disease-characteristic chemokines in keratinocytes. Moreover, we show that AQP3 was upregulated during T cell differentiation and promotes helper T (Th) 17 differentiation possibly via the activation of STAT3 signaling. Our findings reveal that AQP3-mediated activation of NF-κB in keratinocytes and activation of STAT3 in CD4+ T cells acted synergistically and contributed to the inflammation in rosacea.

A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study Using Dynamic Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation to Assess Brain Activity in Patients with Moyamoya Disease.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to monitor and record the dynamic brain activity of patients with moyamoya disease (MMD), as well as to study the relationship between brain abnormalities and presenting clinical features. Methods: A total of 16 patients with MMD (2 males and 14 females) were invited to participate in the study, as were healthy controls (HCs) with the same number and sex ratio. In this study, the dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF) was utilized to assess changes in spontaneous brain activity. Moreover, we also used correlation analysis to study the relationship among the measured mean of dALFF, behavioral performances, and the retinal nerve fiber layer and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score to explore the potential relationship between MMD and anxiety and depression. Results: Our study reveals that in MMD, dALFF levels decreased in the left lingual gyrus, right insula, and occipital lobe. Discussion: In this study, we found and discussed the potential relationship between the abnormal activities in multiple brain regions and related functional network disorders in patients with MMD, as well as the damage to brain regions that process emotion and vision, in the hopes of providing more ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of MMD.

TLR7 promotes skin inflammation via activating NFκB-mTORC1 axis in rosacea.

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease originated from damaged skin barrier and innate/adaptive immune dysregulation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense injured skin and initiate downstream inflammatory and immune responses, whose role in rosacea is not fully understood. Here, via RNA-sequencing analysis, we found that the TLR signaling pathway is the top-ranked signaling pathway enriched in rosacea skin lesions, in which TLR7 is highlighted and positively correlated with the inflammation severity of disease. In LL37-induced rosacea-like mouse models, silencing TLR7 prevented the development of rosacea-like skin inflammation. Specifically, we demonstrated that overexpressing TLR7 in keratinocytes stimulates rapamycin-sensitive mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway via NFκB signaling. Ultimately, TLR7/NFκ B/mTORC1 axis promotes the production of cytokines and chemokines, leading to the migration of CD4+T cells, which are infiltrated in the lesional skin of rosacea. Our report reveals the crucial role of TLR7 in rosacea pathogenesis and indicatesa promising candidate for rosacea treatments.

Prediction model of ocular metastasis from primary liver cancer: Machine learning-based development and interpretation study.

BACKGROUND: Ocular metastasis (OM) is a rare metastatic site of primary liver cancer (PLC). The purpose of this study was to establish a clinical predictive model of OM in PLC patients based on machine learning (ML). METHODS: We retrospectively collected the clinical data of 1540 PLC patients and divided it into a training set and an internal test set in a 7:3 proportion. PLC patients were divided into OM and non-ocular metastasis (NOM) groups, and univariate logistic regression analysis was performed between the two groups. The variables with univariate logistic analysis p < 0.05 were selected for the ML model. We constructed six ML models, which were internally verified by 10-fold cross-validation. The prediction performance of each ML model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs). We also constructed a web calculator based on the optimal performance ML model to personalize the risk probability for OM. RESULTS: Six variables were selected for the ML model. The extreme gradient boost (XGB) ML model achieved the optimal differential diagnosis ability, with an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.993, accuracy = 0.992, sensitivity = 0.998, and specificity = 0.984. Based on these results, an online web calculator was constructed by using the XGB ML model to help clinicians diagnose and treat the risk probability of OM in PLC patients. Finally, the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) library was used to obtain the six most important risk factors for OM in PLC patients: CA125, ALP, AFP, TG, CA199, and CEA. CONCLUSION: We used the XGB model to establish a risk prediction model of OM in PLC patients. The predictive model can help identify PLC patients with a high risk of OM, provide early and personalized diagnosis and treatment, reduce the poor prognosis of OM patients, and improve the quality of life of PLC patients.

Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation to Determine Disturbed Spontaneous Brain-Activity Pattern in Patients with Diabetic Optic Neuropathy.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the spontaneous brain activity in patients with diabetic optic neuropathy (DON) by using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) technique. Methods: Sixteen DON patients and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. ALFF along with functional MRI method was used to detect the intrinsic brain activity alterations. The mean values of ALFF in DON patients and HCs were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and ALFF values of DONs. Results: The DON group showed significantly increased ALFF values in the fusiform gyrus, and decreased ALFF values in the medial frontal gyrus/left frontal superior orbit/right frontal medial orbit, and left frontal inferior triangle. ROC curve analysis indicated that the accuracy of AUC was good. The anxiety scale and depression scale of the DON group were negatively correlated with the ALFF values of the medial frontal gyrus. Conclusion: DON is a neurodegenerative disease involving multiple brain regions. The abnormal activity of neurons in these brain regions helps to reveal the underlying neural mechanisms of brain activity related to DON.

Investigation of altered retinal microvasculature in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis: optical coherence tomography angiography detection.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder that primarily causes symmetrical polyarthritis and bone deformity. In RA patients, sight-threatening inflammatory eye complications would be expected. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to ascertain the macular retinal vessel density changes in RA patients and controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and to investigate the association between disease and microvascular density alterations. METHODS: A total of 12 RA patients (24 eyes) and 12 age- and gender-matched control participants (24 eyes) were recruited to the study. We used the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study partitioning, hemispheric quadrants and annular partitioning to segment each image into different subregions. The vascular density of superficial retina layer, deep retina layer and conjunctival capillary plexus was quantitatively measured by OCTA and compared with the control group. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between STMI and conjunctival capillaries densities. RESULTS: In the superficial retinal layer, the vascular density of S, I, L, SL, SR, IL and C1-C5 were significantly decreased in the RA group compared with the control group (P<0.05). For the deep retinal layer, the vascular density of S, SL, SR, IL, C1, C2 and C4 also decreased in RA group. A significant positive correlation was indicated between conjunctival vascular and STMI densities (r = 0.713, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: OCTA results suggest that RA patients present with a reduced macular retinal vascular density. These subtle alterations of ocular microcirculation may precede severe eye involvements and may be a potential biomarker for early distinguishing abnormal eyes from healthy eyes.

Whole genome sequencing identifies genetic variants associated with neurogenic inflammation in rosacea.

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with high incidence rate. Although genetic predisposition to rosacea is suggested by existing evidence, the genetic basis remains largely unknown. Here we present the integrated results of whole genome sequencing (WGS) in 3 large rosacea families and whole exome sequencing (WES) in 49 additional validation families. We identify single rare deleterious variants of LRRC4, SH3PXD2A and SLC26A8 in large families, respectively. The relevance of SH3PXD2A, SLC26A8 and LRR family genes in rosacea predisposition is underscored by presence of additional variants in independent families. Gene ontology analysis suggests that these genes encode proteins taking part in neural synaptic processes and cell adhesion. In vitro functional analysis shows that mutations in LRRC4, SH3PXD2A and SLC26A8 induce the production of vasoactive neuropeptides in human neural cells. In a mouse model recapitulating a recurrent Lrrc4 mutation from human patients, we find rosacea-like skin inflammation, underpinned by excessive vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) release by peripheral neurons. These findings strongly support familial inheritance and neurogenic inflammation in rosacea development and provide mechanistic insight into the etiopathogenesis of the condition.

Retinal microvascular and microstructural alterations in the diagnosis of dermatomyositis: a new approach.

Purpose: To study the relationship between fundus alterations, including retinal thickness and microvascular changes, and dermatomyositis (DM) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: A total of 16 patients with DM (32 eyes) and 16 healthy controls (HCs; 32 eyes) participated in this study. Based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study subzones, OCTA fundus data were divided into different layers and regions for comparison. Results: The full retinal thickness (RT) in the inner nasal (IN), outer nasal (ON), inner inferior (II), and outer inferior (OI) regions of patients with DM was significantly lower than that of HCs (P < 0.001). The inner layer RT was also significantly lower in the IN, ON, II, and OI regions in patients with DM (P < 0.001). The outer layer RT was lower only in the II region in patients with DM compared to HCs (P < 0.001). The full RT of the II region was more sensitive to the pathological changes of disease since its ROC curve had an AUC of 0.9028, 95% CI: 0.8159-0.9898. Meanwhile, the superficial vessel density (SVD) of patients with DM was significantly lower in the IN, ON, II, and OI regions compared to HCs (P < 0.001). The AUC for region II was 0.9634 (95% CI: 0.9034-1.0), which indicated good diagnostic sensitivity. Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography angiography can be used to evaluate relevant ocular lesions and monitor disease progression in patients with DM and interstitial lung disease.

Retinal alterations in evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis with chloroquine treatment: A new approach.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of hydroxychloroquine on conjunctival and retinal microvascular density in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHODS: Ten healthy controls, 10 RA patients who had not been treated with hydroxychloroquine, and 10 RA patients who had been treated with chloroquine for more than 5 years were recruited. Optical coherence tomography (OCTA) was used to examine the conjunctival and superficial and deep retinal microvascular density and compared the differences in microvascular density between the three groups. RESULTS: The vascular density in RA group in superficial microvascular was significantly lower than that in control group (p < 0.001). Compared with RA group, the chloroquine group showed statistically significantly lower microvascular (p < 0.001) and deep microvascular (p = 0.018). Superficial microvascular was positively correlated with conjunctival vessel density in RA patients (r = 0.868, p = 0.0048). CONCLUSIONS: The use of chloroquine could further reduce the vascular density in the absence of statistical difference in the course of the disease.

Anatomical targeting for electrode localization in subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation: A comparative study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In deep brain stimulation (DBS), accurate electrode placement is essential for optimizing patient outcomes. Localizing electrodes enables insight into therapeutic outcomes and development of metrics for use in clinical trials. Methods of defining anatomical targets have been described with varying accuracy and objectivity. To assess variability in anatomical targeting, we compare four methods of defining an appropriate target for DBS of the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson's disease. METHODS: The methods compared are direct visualization, red nucleus-based indirect targeting, mid-commissural point-based indirect targeting, and automated template-based targeting. This study assessed 226 hemispheres in 113 DBS recipients (39 females, 73 males, 62.2 ± 7.7 years). We utilized the electrode placement error (the Euclidean distance between the defined target and closest DBS electrode) as a metric for comparative analysis. Pairwise differences in electrode placement error across the four methods were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. RESULTS: Interquartile ranges of the differences in electrode placement error spanned 1.18-1.56 mm. A Kruskal-Wallis H-test reported a statistically significant difference in the median of at least two groups (H(5) = 41.052, p < .001). Wilcoxon signed-rank tests reported statistically significant difference in two comparisons: direct visualization versus red nucleus-based indirect, and direct visualization versus automated template-based methods (T < 9215, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: All methods were similarly discordant in their relative accuracy, despite having significant technical differences in their application. The differing protocols and technical aspects of each method, however, have the implication that one may be more practical depending on the clinical or research application at hand.

Spontaneous changes in brain network centrality in patients with pathological myopia: A voxel-wise degree centrality analysis.

BACKGROUND: Myopia has become a worldwide problem that endangers public health and adds a serious socioeconomic burden. Current research has focused on the pathogenesis and manifestations of pathological myopia (PM). However, few studies have been conducted on the spontaneous activity of the patient's brain. PURPOSE: To study the potential brain network activity in patients with PM by the degree centrality (DC) method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This experiment included 15 PM patients and 15 healthy controls (HCs). Every participant experienced a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scan. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to distinguish between PM patients and HCs. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships between mean DC values and clinical performance in different brain regions. RESULTS: It showed that patients with PM had lower DC values in the right fusiform gyrus (FR) and right cingulate (CAR). The ROC curve was used to indicate the accuracy of the correlation. It showed that in PM group, left best corrected visual acuity (BCVA-L) and right best corrected visual acuity (BCVA-R) were negatively correlated with the DC value of FR. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of PM is mainly related to the abnormal activity of the fusiform and cingulum. DC value might be used as a biological marker of abnormal brain activity in PM patients.