Insights into the epitranscriptomic role of N6-methyladenosine on aging skeletal muscle.

The modification of RNA through the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has emerged as a growing area of research due to its regulatory role in gene expression and various biological processes regulating the expression of genes. m6A RNA methylation is a post-transcriptional modification that is dynamic and reversible and found in mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and other non-coding RNA of most eukaryotic cells. It is executed by special proteins known as "writers," which initiate methylation; "erasers," which remove methylation; and "readers," which recognize it and regulate the expression of the gene. Modification by m6A regulates gene expression by affecting the splicing, translation, stability, and localization of mRNA. Aging causes molecular and cellular damage, which forms the basis of most age-related diseases. The decline in skeletal muscle mass and functionality because of aging leads to metabolic disorders and morbidities. The inability of aged muscles to regenerate and repair after injury poses a great challenge to the geriatric populace. This review seeks to explore the m6A epigenetic regulation in the myogenesis and regeneration processes in skeletal muscle as well as the progress made on the m6A epigenetic regulation of aging skeletal muscles.

Non-O blood types are associated with a greater risk of large artery atherosclerosis stroke and dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism: an observational study.

BACKGROUND: Previous research on ABO blood types and stroke has been controversial, predominantly suggesting heightened risk of stroke in non-O blood types. Nonetheless, investigations into the correlation and underlying mechanisms between ABO blood groups and stroke subtypes, especially within Chinese cohorts, remain limited. METHODS: The ABO blood types of 9,542 ischaemic stroke (IS) patients were inferred using two ABO gene loci (c.261G > del; c.802G > A). The healthy population was derived from the 1000 Genomes Project. Patients were classified by the causative classification system (CCS). Volcano plot and gene ontology (GO) analysis were employed to explore protein differential expression among blood types. Additionally, HT29 and SW480 cell lines with downregulated ABO expression were generated to evaluate its impact on cholesterol uptake and efflux. RESULTS: A greater proportion of stroke patients had non-O blood types (70.46%) than did healthy individuals (61.54%). Notable differences in blood type distributions were observed among stroke subtypes, with non-O blood type patients mainly classified as having large artery atherosclerosis (LAA). Clinical baseline characteristics, such as the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time, varied significantly among blood types. A volcano plot revealed 17 upregulated and 42 downregulated proteins in the O blood type. GO term analysis indicated that downregulated proteins were primarily associated with lipid metabolism pathways. In vitro experiments revealed that reducing ABO gene expression decreased cholesterol uptake and increased cholesterol efflux. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that the non-O blood type increased the risk of LAA stroke through cholesterol metabolism.

Comprehensive analysis of PSMG3 in pan-cancer and validation of its role in hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Proteasome assembly chaperone 3 (PSMG3), a subunit of proteasome, has been found to be associated with lung cancer. However, the role of PSMG3 in other cancers has not been elucidated. The objective of this study was to explore the immune role of PSMG3 in pan-cancer and confirm the oncogenic significance in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). METHODS: We examined the differential expression of PSMG3 across various cancer types using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. We investigated the prognostic value of PSMG3 and examined its relationship with tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and immune infiltration. The functional enrichment analysis was performed to explore the potential molecular mechanism of PSMG3. To elucidate the biological function of PSMG3, we conducted in vitro experiments using liver cancer cell lines. RESULTS: PSMG3 was highly expressed in most cancers. The high PSMG3 expression value of PSMG3 was closely related to poor prognosis. We observed correlations between PSMG3 and TMB, and MSI immune infiltration. PSMG3 may be involved in metabolic reprogramming, cell cycle, and PPAR pathways. The over-expression of PSMG3 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities of liver cancer cells. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that PSMG3 was a pivotal oncogene in multiple cancers. PSMG3 contributed to the progression and immune infiltration in pan-cancer, especially in LIHC.

Research on Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Ribs Based on Point Cloud Adaptive Smoothing Denoising.

The traditional methods for 3D reconstruction mainly involve using image processing techniques or deep learning segmentation models for rib extraction. After post-processing, voxel-based rib reconstruction is achieved. However, these methods suffer from limited reconstruction accuracy and low computational efficiency. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a 3D rib reconstruction method based on point cloud adaptive smoothing and denoising. We converted voxel data from CT images to multi-attribute point cloud data. Then, we applied point cloud adaptive smoothing and denoising methods to eliminate noise and non-rib points in the point cloud. Additionally, efficient 3D reconstruction and post-processing techniques were employed to achieve high-accuracy and comprehensive 3D rib reconstruction results. Experimental calculations demonstrated that compared to voxel-based 3D rib reconstruction methods, the 3D rib models generated by the proposed method achieved a 40% improvement in reconstruction accuracy and were twice as efficient as the former.

Mechanisms of Postischemic Stroke Angiogenesis: A Multifaceted Approach.

Ischemic stroke constitutes a significant global health care challenge, and a comprehensive understanding of its recovery mechanisms is imperative for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Angiogenesis, a pivotal element of ischemic tissue repair, facilitates the restoration of blood flow to damaged regions, thereby promoting neuronal regeneration and functional recovery. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying postischemic stroke angiogenesis remain incompletely elucidated. This review meticulously examines the constituents of the neurovascular unit, ion channels, molecular mediators, and signaling pathways implicated in angiogenesis following stroke. Furthermore, it delves into prospective therapeutic strategies informed by these factors. Our objective is to provide detailed and exhaustive information on the intricate mechanisms governing postischemic stroke angiogenesis, thus providing a robust scientific foundation for the advancement of novel neurorepair therapies.

DNMT3A dysfunction promotes neuroinflammation and exacerbates acute ischemic stroke.

Somatic mutations related to clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) are risk factors for stroke. The impact of DNMT3A, the most mutated gene in CHIP, on clinical functional outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains unclear. In a well-characterized cohort of 8524 ischemic stroke patients, we demonstrated that DNMT3A-driven CHIP was significantly associated with neurological disability in these patients. With a stroke mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), we demonstrated that DNMT3A protein levels in the brain penumbra increased. The DNMT3A inhibitor RG108 administration amplified neutrophil proliferation in the blood, promoted neutrophil infiltration into the brain penumbra, and exaggerated proinflammatory activation in tMCAO male mice. DNMT3A inhibition also significantly increased infarct volume and worsened neurobehavioral function in tMCAO male mice. In conclusion, DNMT3A somatic mutations are associated with worsened neurological disability in some patients with AIS, potentially through increased neutrophil proliferation and infiltration in the ischemic brain region. These findings suggest a possible mechanism for proinflammatory activation and tissue damage in the affected brain tissue, highlighting the need for further research in this area.

Preparation, design, identification and application of self-assembly peptides from seafood: A review.

Hydrogels formed by self-assembling peptides with low toxicity and high biocompatibility have been widely used in food and biomedical fields. Seafood contains rich protein resources and is also one of the important sources of natural bioactive peptides. The self-assembled peptides in seafood have good functional activity and are very beneficial to human health. In this review, the sequence of seafood self-assembly peptide was introduced, and the preparation, screening, identification and characterization. The rule of self-assembled peptides was elucidated from amino acid sequence composition, amino acid properties (hydrophilic, hydrophobic and electric), secondary structure, interaction and peptide properties (hydrophilic and hydrophobic). It was introduced that the application of hydrogels formed by self-assembled peptides, which lays a theoretical foundation for the development of seafood self-assembled peptides in functional foods and the application of biological materials.

Anterior chamber and angle characteristics in Chinese children (6-11 years old) with different refractive status using swept-source optical coherence tomography.

BACKGROUND: The anatomic structure of the anterior chamber (AC) helps to explain differences in refractive status in school-aged children and is closely associated with primary angle closure (PAC). The aim of this study was to quantify and analyze the anterior chamber and angle (ACA) characteristics in Chinese children with different refractive status by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). METHODS: In a cross-sectional observational study, 383 children from two primary schools in Shandong Province, China, underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. First, the anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber width (ACW), angle-opening distance (AOD), and trabecular-iris space area (TISA) were evaluated automatically using a CASIA2 imaging device. AOD and TISA were measured at 500, 750 µm nasal (N1 and N2, respectively), and temporal (T1 and T2, respectively) to the scleral spur (SS). Cycloplegic refraction and axial length (AL) were then measured. According to spherical equivalent refraction (SER), the children were assigned to hyperopic (SER > 0.50D), emmetropic (-0.50D < SER ≤ 0.50D), and myopic groups (SER ≤ -0.50D). RESULTS: Out of the 383 children, 349 healthy children (160 girls) with a mean age of 8.23 ± 1.06 years (range: 6-11 years) were included. The mean SER and AL were - 0.10 ± 1.57D and 23.44 ± 0.95 mm, respectively. The mean ACD and ACW were 3.17 ± 0.24 mm and 11.69 ± 0.43 mm. The mean AOD were 0.72 ± 0.25, 0.63 ± 0.22 mm at N1, T1, and 0.98 ± 0.30, 0.84 ± 0.27 mm at N2, T2. The mean TISA were 0.24 ± 0.09, 0.22 ± 0.09mm2 at N1, T1, and 0.46 ± 0.16, 0.40 ± 0.14mm2 at N2, T2. The myopic group had the deepest AC and the widest angle. Compared with boys, girls had shorter AL, shallower ACD, narrower ACW, and ACA (all p < 0.05). By Pearson's correlation analysis, SER was negatively associated with ACD, AOD, and TISA. AL was positively associated with ACD, ACW, AOD, and TISA. In the multiple regression analysis, AOD and TISA were associated with deeper ACD, narrower ACW, and longer AL. CONCLUSION: In primary school students, the myopic eyes have deeper AC and wider angle. ACD, ACW, AOD, and TISA all increase with axial elongation. ACA is highly correlated with deeper ACD.

Identification of microbial diversity in buried ivory soil at the Sanxingdui site in Guanghan City, China, using high-throughput sequencing.

Introduction: The Sanxingdui Site in Guanghan City, Sichuan Province, China, is one of the precious heritage sites of the ancient Chinese civilization. Archaeological work at Sanxingdui is of great significance in clarifying the origins and main contents of the ancient Shu culture and the Yangtze River civilization. Since the 1920s, archaeologists have conducted extensive excavations and research at the site, with particular attention given to the large number of ivory artifacts unearthed. However, the buried ivory is influenced by soil pH, temperature, humidity, and other physical and chemical factors, along with the potential impact of microbial activities that may lead to the corrosion and decomposition of ivory. By understanding the types and activities of microorganisms, appropriate measures can be taken to protect and preserve cultural relics. Methods: Multi-point sampling of soil samples around the ivory of the three sacrificial pits at the Sanxingdui site was carried out, and strict aseptic operation was carried out during the sampling process. Subsequently, the microbial community structure and diversity in the buried ivory soil of Sanxingdui site were identified and analyzed by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. Results: 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis revealed significant differences in the soil microbial community structure among different sacrificial pits. The dominant bacterial phyla were the Proteobacteria, GAL15, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Methylomirabilota. The dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota, Mortierellomhcota, and Basidiomycota. Most dominant bacterial and fungal communities play an indispensable role in the ivory corrosion mechanism, promoting the decay and decomposition process through various means such as decomposing organic matter and producing acidic substances. Discussion: It is particularly important to take a series of measures to control microbial activity to effectively protect ivory. Our preliminary study of the mechanism of action of microorganisms on ivory in a buried environment provides a scientific basis to prevent and protect against microbial degradation in ancient ivory unearthed in Sanxingdui. Following the research results, suitable antibacterial agents tailored to the preservation environment and microbial characteristics of ancient ivory can be prepared. Ensure that the selected antibacterial agents meet safety and effectiveness requirements to maximize protection against microbial degradation of ancient ivory.

Development and Validation of a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Screening Potential Citrate Lyase Inhibitors from a Library of Marine Compounds.

Tuberculosis, a persistent illness caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a significant global public health challenge. The widespread use of anti-tuberculosis drugs has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant strains, which complicates treatment efforts. Addressing this issue is crucial and hinges on the development of new drugs that can effectively target the disease. This involves identifying novel therapeutic targets that can disrupt the bacterium's survival mechanisms in various environments such as granulomas and lesions. Citrate lyase, essential for the survival of Mycobacterium species at lesion sites and in granulomatous conditions, is a potential target for the treatment of tuberculosis. This manuscript aimed to construct an efficient enzyme inhibitor screening platform using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS). This system can accurately identify compounds with enzyme inhibitory activity from a library of marine terpenoids and phenolic compounds. Utilizing the screened herbal enzyme inhibitors as a starting point, we analyzed their chemical structures and skillfully built a library of marine compounds based on these structures. The results showed that all of the tested compounds from the phenolics library inhibited citrate lyase by more than 50%, and a significant portion of terpenoids also demonstrated inhibition, with these active terpenoids comprising over half of the terpenoids tested. The study underscores the potential of marine-derived phenolic and terpenoid compounds as potent inhibitors of citrate lyase, indicating a promising direction for future investigations in treating tuberculosis and associated disorders.

Habitat quality evaluation and pattern simulation of coastal salt marsh wetlands.

Coastal salt marsh wetlands not only sequester a large amount of organic carbon, mitigating the effect of climate change, but also nurture rich wetland resources and diverse ecological environments. In this study, habitat pattern and quality of the Jiangsu Yancheng Wetland Rare Birds National Nature Reserve were studied. The evolution of habitat patterns was analyzed using the U-Net model and Sentinel-2 data. The habitat quality was evaluated using the InVEST model, while the future habitat pattern in 2027 under different scenarios were simulated using the PLUS model. Our results showed that, during 2017-2022, the Suaeda salsa habitat showed a net decrease in area of 2077.61 ha, while Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis habitats manifested a net increase in different degrees. The overall habitat pattern was characterized by fragmentation decline and regularization enhancement. The habitat quality decreased from 0.75 to 0.72, mainly due to the loss of the S. salsa habitat and the expansion of the P. australis habitat. The simulation results indicated that, the habitat quality is expected to further decline to 0.71 under the natural development scenario, and 390.27 ha of S. salsa habitat will convert to P. australis. While in government control scenario, the habitat quality is expected to improve to 0.78, which was 0.07 higher than that in natural development scenario, and S. salsa habitat can be restored well. This study provides a scientific basis for the protection of suitable habitats for waterfowl and is crucial for the ecological conservation and management planning of nature reserves and coastal salt marsh wetlands.

Cryoprotective Activity of Different Characterized Fractions Isolated from Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Croceine Croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea).

In this study, ultrafiltration fractions (<3 k Da, LMH; >3 k Da, HMH) and solid-phase extraction fractions (hydrophilic hydrolysate, HIH; hydrophobic hydrolysate, HOH) from trypsin hydrolysate purified from croceine croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) isolate were obtained to investigate the cryoprotective effects of the different fractions, achieved by means of maceration of turbot fish meat after three freeze-thaw cycles. Alterations in the texture, color, moisture loss, myofibrillar protein oxidation stability and conformation, and microstructure of the fish were analyzed after freezing and thawing. The results demonstrate that HIH maximized the retention of fish texture, reduced moisture loss, minimized the oxidation and aggregation of myofibrillar proteins, and stabilized the secondary and tertiary structures of myofibrillar proteins compared to the control group. In conclusion, the HIH component in the trypsin hydrolysates of croceine croaker significantly contributes to minimizing freeze damage in fish meat and acts as an anti-freezing agent with high industrial application potential.

Predictors of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Following Traumatic Injuries.

OBJECTIVE: After traumatic injury in pregnant women, providing timely and appropriate management for high-risk patients is crucial for both pregnant women and fetuses. This study aimed to identify risk factors that predict adverse pregnancy outcomes after traumatic injury. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study including 317 pregnant patients who experienced trauma was conducted. The collected data included general demographics, injury mechanisms and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Patients were divided into two subgroups based on the absence or presence of trauma-related adverse pregnancy outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to estimate the associations between clinical variables and adverse pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 41 (12.93%) patients experienced adverse pregnancy outcomes within the first 24 h post-trauma. This study revealed that age >35 years (OR=14.995, 95% CI: 5.024-44.755, P<0.001), third trimester trauma (OR=3.878, 95% CI: 1.343-11.204, P=0.012), abdominal pain (OR=3.032, 95% CI: 1.221-7.527, P=0.017), vaginal bleeding (OR=3.226, 95% CI: 1.093-9.523, P=0.034), positive scan in focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) positive (OR=8.496, 95% CI: 2.825-25.555, P<0.001), 9≤ injury severity score (ISS) <16 (OR=3.039, 95% CI: 1.046-8.835, P=0.041) and ISS≥16 (OR=5.553, 95% CI: 1.387-22.225, P=0.015) increased the probability of posttraumatic adverse pregnancy outcomes. Maternal age, gestational age at delivery, vaginal bleeding and positive FAST results were risk factors for abnormal delivery. CONCLUSION: Advanced maternal age, third trimester, and positive FAST results should alert multidisciplinary trauma teams to closely monitor patients to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes.

HLA-mismatched allogeneic adoptive immune therapy in patients with severely immunosuppressed AIDS: a multicenter, open-label, controlled, phase 2a study.

Recurrent opportunistic infections (OIs) in patients with severely immunosuppressed AIDS remain an unresolved medical challenge despite advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART). To address this gap, we developed an HLA-mismatched allogeneic adoptive immune therapy (AAIT) specifically targeting this patient population. The safety and efficacy of this novel therapeutic approach were preliminarily confirmed in our phase 1 trial. Subsequently, a multicenter, open-label, controlled, phase 2a trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of AAIT in combination with ART compared with the conventional ART-only regimen. No difference in the incidence of adverse events (AEs) was observed between the two groups at the 96-week follow-up. AAIT treatment improved CD4+ T cell recovery at weeks 72 (P = 0.048) and 96 (P = 0.024) compared to the Control Group. Additionally, stratified analysis of patients in the AAIT Group showed that donor/recipient sex mismatch was significantly associated with the likelihood of patients achieving an immunological response (OR = 8.667; 95% CI, 2.010-37.377; P = 0.004). These findings suggest that AAIT serves as a promising adjunct therapy for improving the outcomes of patients with severely immunosuppressed AIDS. Further studies are needed to elucidate the immunological mechanisms underlying AAIT and identify the subpopulations that respond optimally to this therapeutic approach. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04098770).Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04098770.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02651376.

Malassezia restricta as an unexpected cause of infectious osteomyelitis diagnosed by metagenomic sequencing: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Malassezia restricta, a lipophilic and lipodependent yeast belonging to the basidiomycetes group, is an opportunistic fungal pathogen associated with various skin diseases, including seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff. Typically, Malassezia infection in neonates manifests as fungemia or hematogenous dissemination to the bone or lungs. However, vertebral osteomyelitis caused by these fungi is rarely reported owing to non-specific clinical presentations and laboratory/imaging findings. The Pathogen Metagenomics Sequencing (PMseq) technique enables direct high-throughput sequencing of infected specimens, facilitating the rapid and accurate detection of all microorganisms in clinical samples through comprehensive reports. CASE PRESENTATION: A 52-year-old male was admitted to our hospital on July 20, 2022 with a 3-month history of ambulatory difficulties and localized low back pain. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination of the spinal column revealed irregular bone destruction affecting the L2, L3, and L5 vertebral bodies. Additionally, low T1 and high T2 intensity lesions were observed at the intervertebral discs between L3 and L5. The presumptive diagnosis of tuberculous spondylitis was made based on the imaging findings, despite negative results in all mycobacterium tests. However, the patient exhibited no improvement after receiving regular anti-tuberculosis treatment for 3 months. Subsequent MRI revealed an expansive abnormal signal within the vertebral body, leading to progressive bone destruction. The absence of spinal tuberculosis or other infective microorganisms was confirmed through culture from blood and pathological tissue from the L4 vertebral body. Subsequently, PMseq was performed on the specimens, revealing M. restricta as the predominant pathogen with the highest relative abundance value. The pathological examination revealed the presence of fungal mycelium in the L4 vertebral body, with positive findings on periodic Schiff-methenamine and periodic acid-Schiff staining. The anti-tuberculosis treatment was discontinued, and an antifungal combination of fluconazole and voriconazole was administered. All symptoms were resolved after 7 consecutive months of treatment, and the patient was able to ambulate autonomously. Vertebral lesions were reduced on MRI during the 13-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: M. restricta is not a commonly recognized pathogen associated with infectious vertebral osteomyelitis. However, PMseq can aid in diagnosis, timely treatment, and decision making for some non-specific infectious diseases.

Advances in biomimetic nanomaterial delivery systems: harnessing nature's inspiration for targeted drug delivery.

The properties of nanomaterials make them promising and advantageous for use in drug delivery systems, but challenges arise from the immune system's recognition of exogenous nanoparticles, leading to their clearance and reduced targeting efficiency. Drawing inspiration from nature, this paper explores biomimetic strategies to transform recognizable nanomaterials into a "camouflaged state." The focal point of this paper is the exploration of bionic nanoparticles, with a focus on cell membrane-coated nanoparticles. These biomimetic structures, particularly those mimicking red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), platelets, and cancer cells, demonstrate enhanced drug delivery efficiency and prolonged circulation. This article underscores the versatility of these biomimetic structures across diverse diseases and explores the use of hybrid cell membrane-coated nanoparticles as a contemporary trend. This review also investigated exosomes and protein bionic nanoparticles, emphasizing their potential for specific targeting, immune evasion, and improved therapeutic outcomes. We expect that this continued development based on biomimetic nanomaterials will contribute to the efficiency and safety of disease treatment.

Characterization and preparation of food-derived peptides on improving osteoporosis: A review.

Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of the microstructure of bone tissue, leading to an increased risk of fragility fractures and affecting human health worldwide. Food-derived peptides are widely used in functional foods due to their low toxicity, ease of digestion and absorption, and potential to improve osteoporosis. This review summarized and discussed methods of diagnosing osteoporosis, treatment approaches, specific peptides as alternatives to conventional drugs, and the laboratory preparation and identification methods of peptides. It was found that peptides interacting with RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid)-binding active sites in integrin could alleviate osteoporosis, analyzed the interaction sites between these osteogenic peptides and integrin, and further discussed their effects on improving osteoporosis. These may provide new insights for rapid screening of osteogenic peptides, and provide a theoretical basis for their application in bone materials and functional foods.

Omicron neutralization character in patients with breast cancer and liver cancer after the nationwide omicron outbreak.

BACKGROUND: The surge in omicron variants has caused nationwide breakthrough infections in mainland China since the December 2022. In this study, we report the neutralization profiles of serum samples from the patients with breast cancer and the patients with liver cancer who had contracted subvariant breakthrough infections. METHODS: In this real-world study, we enrolled 143 COVID-19-vaccinated (81 and 62 patients with breast and liver cancers) and 105 unvaccinated patients with cancer (58 and 47 patients with breast and liver cancers) after omicron infection. Anti-spike receptor binding domain (RBD) IgGs and 50% pseudovirus neutralization titer (pVNT50) for the preceding (wild type), circulating omicron (BA.4-BA.5, and BF.7), and new subvariants (XBB.1.5) were comprehensively analyzed. RESULTS: Patients with liver cancer receiving booster doses had higher levels of anti-spike RBD IgG against circulating omicron (BA.4-BA.5, and BF.7) and a novel subvariant (XBB.1.5) compared to patients with breast cancer after breakthrough infection. Additionally, all vaccinated patients produced higher neutralizing antibody titers against circulating omicron (BA.4-BA.5, and BF.7) compared to unvaccinated patients. However, the unvaccinated patients produced higher neutralizing antibody against XBB.1.5 than vaccinated patients after Omicron infection, with this trend being more pronounced in breast cancer than in liver cancer patients. Moreover, we found that there was no correlation between anti-spike RBD IgG against wildtype virus and the neutralizing antibody titer, but a positive correlation between anti-spike RBD IgG and the neutralizing antibody against XBB.1.5 was found in unvaccinated patients. CONCLUSION: Our study found that there may be differences in vaccine response and protective effect against COVID-19 infection in patients with liver and breast cancer. Therefore, we recommend that COVID-19 vaccine strategies should be optimized based on vaccine components and immunology profiles of different patients with cancer.