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ObjectiveTo investigate the effects and mechanism of Zuogui Jiangtang Tongmai prescription (ZJTP) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) damaged by high glucose combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MethodThe survival rate of cells was determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the optimal injury concentration and action time of LPS, as well as the optimal action concentration of ZJTP drug-containing serum. HUVECs were divided into a blank control group, a model group, a ZJTP drug-containing serum group, and an SCFA mixed liquid group. ELISA was used to detect the level of endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and TNF-α. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of G protein-coupled receptor43 (GPR43), β-suppressor protein-2 (β-arrestin-2), nuclear factor-κB suppressor α (IκBα), and nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65). The nucleation of NF-κB p65 was observed by immunofluorescence staining (IF). The role of GPR43 in the regulation of inflammatory injury was observed by means of small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA). The cells after intervention were divided into an empty carrier group, a ZJTP drug-containing serum group, a Si-GPR43 group, and a Si-GPR43 + ZJTP drug-containing serum group. The content of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was detected by ELISA. The protein expression of pathways was detected by Western blot. IF was used to observe the nucleation of NF-κB p65. ResultThe optimal molding condition was 1 mg·L-1 LPS for 24 h. The optimal drug intervention condition was 5% ZJTP drug-containing serum for 24 h. Compared with the blank control group, the content of ET-1 in the model group was significantly increased, and the content of NO was significantly decreased (P<0.01). The levels of inflammatory factors were significantly increased (P<0.01). The expressions of GPR43 and IκBα were significantly decreased, while the protein expressions of β-arrestin-2 and NF-κB p65 were significantly increased (P<0.01). NF-κB p65 protein was transferred from the extranuclear to the intranuclear (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the content of ET-1 in the ZJTP drug-containing serum group was decreased, and the content of NO was increased (P<0.05). The levels of inflammatory factors decreased (P<0.05). The protein expressions of GPR43 and IκBα were increased, while the expressions of β-arrestin-2 and NF-κB p65 were decreased (P<0.05). The amount of NF-κB p65 transferred from the intranuclear to the extranuclear decreased (P<0.01). The mechanism study showed that compared with the Si-GPR43 group, the content of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly decreased after treatment with ZJTP drug-containing serum (P<0.01). The protein expressions of GPR43 and IκBα were significantly increased (P<0.01), while the protein expressions of β-arrestin-2 and NF-κB p65 were significantly decreased (P<0.01). The amount of NF-κB p65 transferred from the extranuclear to the intranuclear decreased (P<0.01). ConclusionZJTP has a protective effect on HUVECs with high glucose and LPS-induced inflammatory injury, which may be related to the regulation of GPR43/β-arrestin-2/IκBα/NF-κB pathway.
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This study aims to investigate the effect of salvianolic acid B (Sal B), the active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza, on H9C2 cardiomyocytes injured by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) through regulating mitochondrial fission and fusion. The process of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was simulated by establishing OGD/R model. The cell proliferation and cytotoxicity detection kit (cell counting kit-8, CCK-8) was used to detect cell viability; the kit method was used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), total glutathione (t-GSH), nitric oxide (NO) content, protein expression levels of mitochondrial fission and fusion, apoptosis-related detection by Western blot. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) detection kit and Hoechst 33342 fluorescence was used to observe the opening level of MPTP, and molecular docking technology was used to determine the molecular target of Sal B. The results showed that relative to control group, OGD/R injury reduced cell viability, increased the content of ROS, decreased the content of t-GSH and NO. Furthermore, OGD/R injury increased the protein expression levels of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitofusions 2 (Mfn2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (caspase 3), and decreased the protein expression levels of Mfn1, increased MPTP opening level. Compared with the OGD/R group, it was observed that Sal B had a protective effect at concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 100 μmol·L-1. Sal B decreased the content of ROS, increased the content of t-GSH and NO, and Western blot showed that Sal B decreased the protein expression levels of Drp1, Mfn2, Bax and caspase 3, increased the protein expression level of Mfn1, and decreased the opening level of MPTP. In summary, Sal B may inhibit the opening of MPTP, reduce cell apoptosis and reduce OGD/R damage in H9C2 cells by regulating the balance of oxidation and anti-oxidation, mitochondrial fission and fusion, thereby providing a scientific basis for the use of Sal B in the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.
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【Objective】 To explore the safety of transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal injection of sodium hyaluronate to expand the Dirichlet gap in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. 【Methods】 A total of 14 healthy male purebred beagle dogs were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, with 7 in either group.The control group was treated with conventional laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, while the experimental group was treated with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy after 2.5 mL sodium hyaluronate was injected into the Dirichlet gap under the guidance of transrectal ultrasound.The total operation time, prostate separation time, intraoperative blood loss and rectal status of the 2 groups were observed. 【Results】 After the injection of sodium hyaluronate into the Dirichlet gap between the prostate and the rectum, no rectal tissue was found in the prostate, and no obvious damage was found in the posterior rectum in either groups.The postoperative hemoglobin (HGB) was [(118.70±2.56) g/L vs.(122.10±2.19) g/L, P=0.02]; the total operation time was [(141.40±9.80) min vs.(119.10±9.16) min, P<0.05]; the prostate separation time was [(24.99±1.75) min vs.(16.64±2.34) min, P<0.05]; the amount of bleeding was [(47.43±4.32) mL vs.(34.86±5.18) mL, P<0.05] in the control group and experimental group. 【Conclusion】 Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy performed after 2.5 mL of sodium hyaluronate injection into the Dirichlet gap under the guidance of transrectal ultrasound can shorten the total operation time, the separation and resection time of the prostate, and reduce the amount of bleeding, which can improve and reduce the incidence of rectal injury, and prove the feasibility of this approach for prostatic cancer.
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ObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanism of Zuogui Jiangtang Tongmai prescription (ZJT) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus complicated with cerebral infarction (DM-CI) in rats based on the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)/G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43)/glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)/GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling pathway. MethodSixty SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, low- and high-dose ZJT groups (12, 24 g·kg-1), western medicine group (140 mg·kg-1 pioglitazone metformin tablets + 27 mg·kg-1 enteric-coated aspirin tablets). Except for the sham operation group, all other groups were fed a high-sugar high-fat diet for 4 weeks and then subjected to intraperitoneal injection of 1% streptozotocin at 35 mg·kg-1 combined with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to establish a DM-CI rat model. The corresponding interventions were performed with distilled water, low-dose ZJT, high-dose ZJT, pioglitazone metformin tablets, and enteric-coated aspirin tablets. After surgery, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scoring and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining to measure the rat's cerebral infarct volume were carried out. Random blood glucose levels were measured, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe histopathological changes in rat brain tissues. Gas chromatography was employed to detect the content of SCFAs in the cecum contents. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted to measure serum GLP-1 level. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of GPR43 in rat ileal tissues and GLP-1R in the ischemic brain tissues. ResultCompared with the sham operation group, the model group showed significantly increased NIHSS scores, random blood glucose levels, and cerebral infarct volumes (P<0.01), and significantly decreased SCFAs content, GLP-1 levels, and GPR43 and GLP-1R protein expression (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the high-dose ZJT group and the western medicine group exhibited significantly reduced NIHSS scores, random blood glucose levels, and cerebral infarct volumes (P<0.05, P<0.01), and significantly increased SCFAs content, GLP-1 levels, and GPR43 and GLP-1R protein expression (P<0.01). ConclusionZJT can improve glucose metabolism disorder and reduce neurological damage in DM-CI rats, and its mechanism may be related to the increase in SCFAs content and the upregulation of the GPR43/GLP-1/GLP-1R signaling pathway.
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In recent years, with the changes of population structure and the aggravation of aging, the prevalence of osteoporosis is increasing year by year. Osteoporosis poses great impacts on the body and family life of the patients and increases the burden on the society. Therefore, the research on osteoporosis is urgent and significant. The imbalance between osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts causes abnormal bone metabolism, which destroys the fine structure of bone and increases bone fragility, thus increasing the risk of fracture. Although the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is complex, researchers have confirmed that the imbalance of the endocrine system directly or indirectly promotes the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a treasure of Chinese traditional culture and plays a key role in safeguarding the public health. With unique therapeutic effects and advantages, TCM has been widely accepted. Chinese medicines, moxibustion, acupuncture and other TCM therapies have play a unique role in the treatment of osteoporosis. Particularly, TCM prevention and treatment of osteoporosis by regulating the endocrine system has received extensive attention. By reviewing relevant literature, this paper introduces the research progress in the TCM modulation of bone metabolism and alleviation of bone loss by regulating estrogen, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone in the endocrine system and affecting the hypothalamus capable of regulating these hormones, aiming to provide ideas for the TCM treatment of osteoporosis.
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Objective:To observe the prevention and control effect of 1% atropine on the progression of form deprivation myopia (FDM) in guinea pigs and the potential biological mechanism.Methods:Sixty-nine 3-week-old tricolor guinea pigs with normal refraction were randomly divided into a normal control group ( n=19), a FDM group ( n=19), a FDM+ atropine group ( n=19), and an atropine group ( n=12). No intervention was given to guinea pigs in normal control group.The FDM model was established by covering the right eye of guinea pigs with a semitransparent latex facemask for 4 weeks in FDM and FDM+ atropine groups.For the FDM+ atropine group, 1% atropine gel was topically administered to the form-deprived right eyes once a day for 4 weeks.For the atropine group, the right eye was treated with 1% atropine gel once a day for 4 weeks.Refraction and axial length of guinea pigs were measured by retinoscopy and ophthalmic A-scan ultrasonography respectively at baseline, experiment week 2 and week 4.In experiment week 4, eyeballs were enucleated to make sections via the paraffin wax processing procedure, and the microstructural and ultrastructural changes of the sclera were observed under the light microscope and transmission electron microscope, respectively.The isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation labeling combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify the differentially expressed proteins.Use and care of the animals complied with the Regulation for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experiment Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Tianjin Medical University (No.TJYY2020111028). Results:There were statistically significant differences in the diopter of guinea pigs at different time points among the four groups ( Fgroup=138.892, P<0.001; Ftime=167.270, P<0.001). Compared with normal control group, the diopter of guinea pigs in FDM group at experiment weeks 2 and 4, and FDM+ atropine group at experiment week 4 developed toward myopia, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.001). Compared with FDM group, the diopter of guinea pigs in FDM+ atropine group at experiment weeks 2 and 4 developed toward hyperopia, showing statistically significant differences (both at P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the axial length of guinea pigs at different time points among the four groups ( Fgroup=32.346, P<0.001; Ftime=353.797, P<0.001). The axial lengths of FDM group at experiment weeks 2 and 4 and FDM+ atropine group at experiment week 4 were longer than those of normal control group, and the axial lengths in FDM+ atropine group at experiment weeks 2 and 4 were shorter than those in FDM group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.001). The collagenous fibers of posterior sclera of guinea pigs were loose and disordered in FDM group, and were regular in FDM+ atropine group.The posterior scleral thickness of normal control group, FDM group, FDM+ atropine group and atropine group was (141.74±16.98), (101.46±9.15), (112.74±6.24) and (134.30±18.19) μm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=6.709, P=0.005). The posterior sclera was significantly thinner in FDM group than in normal control group and FDM+ atropine group (both at P<0.05). The diameter of posterior scleral collagen fiber gradually increased from inside to outside in normal control group, FDM+ atropine group and atropine group, and the diameters of the inner, middle and outer posterior scleral collagen fibers were smaller in FDM group than in normal control group.Proteomic analysis revealed 85 differentially expressed proteins (fold change>1.30) between FDM group and normal control group, FDM+ atropine group and FDM group, of which 38 were up-regulated and 47 were down-regulated after atropine treatment.Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that biological processes mainly involved were biological regulation, cell process, localization and metabolic process.Molecular function mainly involved were binding, catalytic activity, molecular function regulator, structural molecule activity and transporter activity.Cell components mainly involved were in cellular anatomical entity, intracellular and protein-containing complex. Conclusions:Atropine can increase the diameter of scleral collagen fibers in guinea pigs of FDM model, improve the arrangement of scleral collagen fiber, inhibit scleral thinning.The mechanism of atropine to control myopia progression is closely related to the tight junction between scleral cells, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix remodeling.
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Cardiomyocytes are highly differentiated terminal cells with poor self-renewal ability. Therefore, after myocardial infarction necrotic cardiomyocytes cannot be effectively replenished, and the infarcted area is quickly replaced by fibrous tissue, which seriously affects cardiac function. The reduction of the number of myocardial cells and the destruction of the structural integrity of the heart have caused cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and heart failure, which continue to endanger human life and health. At present, the treatment of coronary heart disease has made great progress. The commonly used treatment options for myocardial repair after myocardial infarction mainly include stem cell transplantation, exosome mediation and microenvironment construction, but all of them are difficult to solve to varying degrees. Cardiac fibroblasts occupy the majority of cardiac cells, and the distribution characteristics of fibroblasts and their role in the process of myocardial infarction make them important effector cells after myocardial infarction. Therefore, this article reviews the source, distribution, post-infarction status of myocardial fibroblasts and the effect of fibroblasts on cardiomyocytes, in order to provide new treatment ideas and solutions for fibroblasts in the repair and regeneration of myocardial cells after myocardial infarction.
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This study aims to investigate the effects of baicalein(BAI) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced human microglial clone 3(HMC3) cells, with a focus on suppressing inflammatory responses and elucidating the potential mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of BAI on ischemic stroke via modulating the cAMP-PKA-NF-κB/CREB pathway. The findings have significant implications for the application of traditional Chinese medicine in treating cerebral ischemic diseases. First, the safe dosage of BAI was screened, and then an inflammation model was established with HMC3 cells by induction with LPS for 24 h. The cells were assigned into a control group, a model group, and high-, medium-, and low-dose(5, 2.5, and 1.25 μmol·L~(-1), respectively) BAI groups. The levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in cell extracts, as well as the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) in the cell supernatant, were measured. Western blot was performed to determine the expression of protein kinase A(PKA), phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein(p-CREB), and nuclear factor-kappa B p65(NF-κB p65). Hoechst 33342/PI staining was employed to assess cell apoptosis. High and low doses of BAI were used for treatment in the research on the mechanism. The results revealed that BAI at the concentrations of 10 μmol·L~(-1) and below had no impact on normally cultured HMC3 cells. LPS induction at 200 ng·mL~(-1) for 24 h reduced the SOD activity and increased the MDA content in HMC3 cells. However, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 μmol·L~(-1) BAI significantly increased the SOD activity and 5 μmol·L~(-1) BAI significantly decreased the MDA content. In addition, BAI ameliorated the M1 polarization of HMC3 cells induced by LPS, as indicated by cellular morphology. The results of ELISA demonstrated that BAI significantly lowered the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and cAMP in the cell supernatant. Western blot revealed that BAI up-regulated the protein levels of PKA and p-CREB while down-regulating the expression of NF-κB p65. Hoechst 33342/PI staining results indicated that BAI mitigated the apoptosis of HMC3 cells. Overall, the results indicated that BAI had protective effects on the HMC3 cells induced by LPS, and could inhi-bit inflammatory response and improve cell apoptosis, which might be related to the regulation of the cAMP-PKA-NF-κB/CREB pathway.
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Humanos , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Microglía , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Proteínas Quinasas Dependientes de AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Genetic risk factors have been shown to contribute to the development of sexual dysfunction. However, the role of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene variants in the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED) remains unclear. In this study, we recruited 1254 participants who underwent ED assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function-5. The MTHFR c.677C>T variant was also measured by fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No significant difference in the genotypic frequency of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism (CC, CT, and TT) was observed between men from the ED and non-ED groups. In addition, on binary logistic regression analysis, both crude and adjusted models showed that the risk of ED was not significantly associated with the C677T polymorphism. Interestingly, a significantly higher frequency of the 677TT polymorphism was found in severe and moderate ED (P = 0.02). The positive correlation between the MTHFR 677TT polymorphism and severe ED was confirmed by logistic regression analysis, even after adjusting for potential confounders (odds ratio [OR] = 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-5.50, P = 0.02). These findings suggest a positive correlation between the MTHFR 677TT polymorphism and the risk of severe ED. Identification of MTHFR gene polymorphisms may provide complementary information for ED patients during routine clinical diagnosis.
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Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains one of the leading causes of death and long-term neurodevelopmental disorders in full-term neonates, and there is currently no curative treatment. Therapeutic hypothermia is now a standard therapy for HIE in the neonatal intensive care unit, but its safety and efficacy in remote areas remains unclear. Melatonin is an indole endocrine hormone mainly produced by the pineal gland and it has the ability to easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Through receptor and non-receptor mechanisms, melatonin exerts anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and participates in the regulation of organelle function and the inhibition of cell death. Melatonin is considered one of the most promising drugs for the treatment of HIE based on its reliable safety profile and clinical/preclinical results. This article reviews the recent research on the use of melatonin in combination with therapeutic hypothermia for the treatment of neonatal HIE.
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Recién Nacido , Humanos , Melatonina/uso terapéutico , Hipoxia-Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Hipotermia Inducida , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo NeonatalRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the clinical value of complement-3a receptor 1 (C3aR1) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in predicting sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC).@*METHODS@#A prospective study was conducted among 78 children with sepsis who attended Xuzhou Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University from June 2022 to June 2023. According to the presence or absence of SIC, they were divided into two groups: SIC (n=36) and non-SIC (n=42) . The two groups were compared in terms of clinical data and the levels of C3aR1 and NETs. The factors associated with the occurrence of SIC were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of C3aR1 and NETs in predicting SIC.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the non-SIC group, the SIC group had significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10, C3aR1, and NETs (P<0.05). The multivaiate logistic regression analysis showed that the increases in C3aR1, NETs, and IL-6 were closely associated with the occurrence of SIC (P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that C3aR1 combined with NETs had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.913 in predicting SIC (P<0.05), which was significantly higher than the AUC of C3aR1 or IL-6 (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in AUC between C3aR1 combined with NETs and NETs alone (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are significant increases in the expression levels of C3aR1 and NETs in the peripheral blood of children with SIC, and the expression levels of C3aR1 and NETs have a high clinical value in predicting SIC.
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Niño , Humanos , Trampas Extracelulares , Interleucina-6 , Estudios Prospectivos , Sepsis/complicaciones , Proteína C-Reactiva , Trastornos de la Coagulación Sanguínea , Curva ROC , PronósticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the efficacy of venetoclax (VEN) plus azacitidine (AZA) in patients with FLT3-ITD mutated relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (FLT3-ITDmut R/R AML) and analyze the molecular genetic characteristics of the patients.@*METHODS@#Clinical baseline characteristics and follow-up data of 16 R/R AML patients treatd with VEN plus AZA in the hematology department of Shenzhen Second People's Hospital from November 2018 to April 2021 were collected. Leukemia related genes were detected by next-generation sequencing(NGS) or PCR. The relationship between the efficacy of VEN plus AZA and molecular genetics characteristics of patients with FLT3-ITDmut R/R AML were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#14.3% (1/7) of the patients in FLT3-ITDmut group and 22.2% (2/9) of the patients in FLT3-ITDwt group achieved complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi), respectively, with no significant difference (P=0.69). There was no significant difference in overall response rate (ORR) (CR/CRi+PR) between FLT3-ITDmut group and FLT3-ITDwt group [42.9%(3/7) vs 44.4%(4/9), P=0.95], too. The median overall survival (OS) time of FLT3-ITDmut patients was significantly shorter than that of FLT3-ITDwt patients (130 vs 300 days, respectively) (P =0.02). Co-existing mutations of FLT3-ITD and IDH1 were detected in one patient who achieved CR. Co-existing mutations of FLT3-ITD and SF3B1 were found in one patient who achieved PR. Three FLT3-ITDmut R/R AML patients accompanied with NPM1 mutation had no response to VEN plus AZA.@*CONCLUSION@#VEN plus AZA showed a certain effect on patients with FLT3-ITDmut R/R AML. To improve OS of the patients, bridging transplantation is need. IDH1 and SF3B1 mutations might predict that patients with FLT3-ITDmut R/R AML have treatment response to VEN plus AZA, while the combination of NPM1 mutation may indicate poor response.
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Humanos , Nucleofosmina , Pronóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Mutación , Azacitidina/uso terapéutico , Tirosina Quinasa 3 Similar a fms/genéticaRESUMEN
This study explored the effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction(BYHWD) on platelet activation and differential gene expression after acute myocardial infarction(AMI). SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group, a model group, a positive drug(aspirin) group, and a BYHWD group. Pre-treatment was conducted for 14 days with a daily oral dose of 1.6 g·kg~(-1) BYHWD and 0.1 g·kg~(-1) aspirin. The AMI model was established using the high ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery method. The detection indicators included myocardial infarct size, heart function, myocardial tissue pathology, peripheral blood flow perfusion, platelet aggregation rate, platelet membrane glycoprotein CD62p expression, platelet transcriptomics, and differential gene expression. The results showed that compared with the sham-operated group, the model group showed reduced ejection fraction and cardiac output, decreased peripheral blood flow, and increased platelet aggregation rate and CD62p expression, and activated platelets. At the same time, TXB_2 content increased and 6-keto-PGF1α content decreased in serum. Compared with the model group, BYHWD increased ejection fraction and cardiac output, improved blood circulation in the foot and tail regions and cardiomyocytes arrangement, reduced myocardial infarct size and inflammatory infiltration, down-regulated platelet aggregation rate and CD62p expression, reduced serum TXB_2 content, and increased 6-keto-PGF1α content. Platelet transcriptome sequencing results revealed that BYHWD regulated mTOR-autophagy pathway-related genes in platelets. The differential gene expression levels were detected using real-time quantitative PCR. BYHWD up-regulated mTOR, down-regulated autophagy-related FUNDC1 and PINK genes, and up-regulated p62 gene expression. The results demonstrated that BYHWD could regulate platelet activation, improve blood circulation, and protect ischemic myocardium in AMI rats, and its mechanism is related to the regulation of the mTOR-autophagy pathway in platelets.
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Ratas , Animales , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Infarto del Miocardio/genética , Miocardio/metabolismo , Aspirina/uso terapéutico , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas MitocondrialesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the protective effect of Huoxin Pill (HXP) on acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIRI) injury in rats.@*METHODS@#Seventy-five adult SD rats were divided into the sham-operated group, model group, positive drug group (diltiazem hydrochloride, DH), high dose group (24 mg/kg, HXP-H) and low dose group (12 mg/kg, HXP-L) of Huoxin Pill (n=15 for every group) according to the complete randomization method. After 1 week of intragastric administration, the left anterior descending coronary artery of the rat's heart was ligated for 45 min and reperfused for 3 h. Serum was separated and the levels of creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured. Myocardial ischemia rate, myocardial infarction rate and myocardial no-reflow rate were determined by staining with Evans blue and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN) databases were used to screen for possible active compounds of HXP and their potential therapeutic targets; the results of anti-inflammatory genes associated with MIRI were obtained from GeneCards, Drugbank, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and Therapeutic Target Datebase (TTD) databases was performed; Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment were used to analyze the intersected targets; molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Tools. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB)/NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3).@*RESULTS@#Compared with the model group, all doses of HXP significantly reduced the levels of LDH, CK and CK-MB (P<0.05, P<0.01); HXP significantly increased serum activity of SOD (P<0.05, P<0.01); all doses of HXP significantly reduced the levels of hs-CRP and IL-1β (P<0.05, P<0.01) and the myocardial infarction rate and myocardial no-reflow rate (P<0.01). GO enrichment analysis mainly involved positive regulation of gene expression, extracellular space and identical protein binding, KEGG pathway enrichment mainly involved PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and lipid and atherosclerosis. Molecular docking results showed that kaempferol and luteolin had a better affinity with TLR4, NFκB and NLRP3 molecules. The protein expressions of TLR4, NFκB and NLRP3 were reduced in the HXP group (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#HXP has a significant protective effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, and its effect may be related to the inhibition of redox response and reduction of the inflammatory response by inhibiting the TLR4NFκB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Humanos , Ratas , Animales , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Proteína C-Reactiva , Receptor Toll-Like 4 , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Transducción de Señal , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Creatina Quinasa , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Objective To explore factors influencing non-en bloc resection of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)for colorectal neoplasms.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical and pathological data of 1251 patients(1312 lesions)who underwent colorectal ESD from January 2011 to December 2022 and were pathologically confirmed as adenoma,serrated lesion,or early colorectal cancer.Clinical and pathological characteristics were compared between the en bloc resection group and the non-en bloc resection group.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors influencing en bloc resection in ESD.Results The average size of the1312 lesions was(25.8±16.3)mm.Among the included lesions,there were728 adenomas(55.5%),193 serrated lesions(14.7%),and 391 early colorectal cancers(29.8%).ESD was completed in 1306 lesions and stopped due to perforation or technical difficulties in6 cases.The en bloc resection rate was89.5%(1174/1312),the complete resection rate was 73.8%(968/1312),and the curative resection rate was 70.6%(926/1312).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that diameter of the lesions≥40 mm(OR =6.329,95%CI:4.278-9.384,P<0.001),negative lifting sign(OR =2.384,95%CI:1.424-3.903,P =0.005),scar location lesions(OR =2.997,95%CI:1.310-6.484,P = 0.023),protruded lesions(OR =8.458,95%CI:2.678-40.453,P =0.008),lateral spreading lesions(OR =5.898,95%CI:1.917-27.796,P =0.025),and hybrid ESD(OR =10.162,95%CI:5.705-19.692,P<0.001)were independent factors influencing en bloc resection of ESD for early colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions.Conclusions Diameter of the lesions≥40 mm,negative lifting sign,scar location lesions,protruded lesions,lateral spreading lesions,and hybrid ESD were significantly associated with non-en bloc resection of ESD for colorectal neoplasms.Strict evaluation should be conducted preoperatively to improve the efficacy of ESD.
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Objective:To study the differential expression profiling of the transcripts modified by m5C methylation in a rat model of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal excitotoxicity.Methods:A total of 65 Sprague Dawley male rats aged 7-8 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: normal control group and NMDA group. The right eye (model eye) of rats in the NMDA group were injected with 50.0 mmol/L of NMDA 3 μl in the vitreous cavity, while in the normal control group, equal volume of normal saline was injected into the vitreous cavity. After 1 week of the injection, the optic nerve conduction function of rats was detected by visual evoked potential. The whole structure of rat retina was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the thickness of each retinal layer and the number of retinal ganglion cell layer were detected. The number of β3 tubulin immunofluorescence positive cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining on retinal stretched preparation. Total RNA was extracted from the retinas of normal control group and NMDA group, and high-throughput m5C modified RNA was sequenced, and bioinformatics analysis was performed. The relative expression levels of SLFN3, PLXNB3, CD36 and HIC2 mRNA in retina were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The comparison between the two groups was performed using an unpaired t test. Results:The P1 latency of control group and NMDA group were (117.86±6.48) and (148.46±3.78) ms, and the amplitudes were (42.57±2.41) and (8.68±0.63) μV, respectively. Compared with the normal control group, the latency period was prolonged and the amplitude was significantly decreased in the NMDA group, with statistical significance ( P<0.001). In normal control group, retinal ganglion cells (RGC) were uniformly arranged with large round nuclei. In NMDA group, the volume of retinal RGC was atrophied and the number of RGC was reduced. The total retinal thickness in the control group and NMDA group was (207.51±12.76) μm and (187.51±12.54) μm, respectively. The number of β3 tubulin positive cells was 79.86±6.56 and 29.36±2.16, respectively. Compared with normal control group, the total retinal thickness and the number of β3 tubulin positive cells in NMDA group were decreased, with statistical significance ( P <0.001). Compared with the control group, 576 differentially expressed m5C mRNA were screened in the NMDA group, among which 230 up-regulated and 346 down-regulated genes were detected, respectively. The results of biological information analysis showed that compared with the control group, the upregulated m5C mRNA in the NMDA group was mainly involved in biological processes such as perception and cell-cell adhesion, and was mainly concentrated in the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and neural active ligand-receptor interaction pathway. The biological processes in which down-regulated m5C mRNA was mainly involved in biological processes such as G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway and cell communication, which were mainly concentrated in primary immune deficiency pathway and neural active ligand-receptor interaction pathway. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection results showed that compared with the normal control group, the relative expression levels of SLFN3 and PLXNB3 mRNA in the retina of rats in NMDA group were significantly increased, while the relative expression levels of CD36 and HIC2 mRNA were significantly decreased, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In NMDA induced retinal excitatory toxicity rat models, m5C modified retinal transcriptome showed abnormal expression.
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To optimize the extraction process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Gastrodiae Rhizoma herb pair by network pharmacology combined with analytic hierarchy process(AHP)-entropy weight method and multi-index orthogonal test. The potential active components and targets of Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Gastrodiae Rhizoma were screened by network pharmacology and molecular docking, and the process evaluation indexes were determined with reference to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). The core components of Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Gastrodiae Rhizoma were determined as gastrodin, parishin B, parishin C, parishin E, ferulic acid, and 3-butylphthalide. With the extraction volume of each indicator and yield of dry extract as comprehensive evaluation indicators, the extraction conditions were optimized by the AHP-entropy weight method and orthogonal test as the ethanol volume of 50%, the solid-liquid ratio of 1∶8(g·mL~(-1)), extraction for three times, and 1.5 h each time. Through network pharmacology and molecular docking, the process evaluation index was determined, and the optimized process was stable and reproducible for the extraction of Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Gastrodiae Rhizoma herb pair, which could provide reference for in-depth research.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Farmacología en Red , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , RizomaRESUMEN
The process of semen collection plays a key role in the quality of semen specimens. However, the association between semen collection time and semen quality is still unclear. In this study, ejaculates by masturbation from 746 subfertile men or healthy men who underwent semen analysis were examined. The median (interquartile range) semen collection time for all participants was 7.0 (5.0-11.0) min, and the median time taken for semen collection was lower in healthy men than that in subfertile men (6.0 min vs 7.0 min). An increase in the time required to produce semen samples was associated with poorer semen quality. Among those undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART), the miscarriage rate was positively correlated with the semen collection time. After adjusting for confounders, the highest quartile (Q4) of collection time was negatively associated with semen volume and sperm concentration. A longer time to produce semen samples (Q3 and Q4) was negatively correlated with progressive and total sperm motility. In addition, there was a significant negative linear association between the semen collection time and the sperm morphology. Higher risks of asthenozoospermia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-3.25, P = 0.002) and teratozoospermia (adjusted OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.10-3.55, P = 0.02) were observed in Q3 than those in Q1. Our results indicate that a higher risk of abnormal semen parameter values was associated with an increase in time for semen collection, which may be related to male fertility through its association with semen quality.
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Masculino , Humanos , Análisis de Semen , Semen , Motilidad Espermática , Recuento de Espermatozoides , Astenozoospermia , EspermatozoidesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the risk factors for neonatal asphyxia in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and establish a nomogram model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted with 613 cases of neonatal asphyxia treated in 20 cooperative hospitals in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture from January to December 2019 as the asphyxia group, and 988 randomly selected non-asphyxia neonates born and admitted to the neonatology department of these hospitals during the same period as the control group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for neonatal asphyxia. R software (4.2.2) was used to establish a nomogram model. Receiver operator characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis were used to assess the discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia, respectively.@*RESULTS@#Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that minority (Tujia), male sex, premature birth, congenital malformations, abnormal fetal position, intrauterine distress, maternal occupation as a farmer, education level below high school, fewer than 9 prenatal check-ups, threatened abortion, abnormal umbilical cord, abnormal amniotic fluid, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, emergency caesarean section, and assisted delivery were independent risk factors for neonatal asphyxia (P<0.05). The area under the curve of the model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia based on these risk factors was 0.748 (95%CI: 0.723-0.772). The calibration curve indicated high accuracy of the model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia. The decision curve analysis showed that the model could provide a higher net benefit for neonates at risk of asphyxia.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The risk factors for neonatal asphyxia in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture are multifactorial, and the nomogram model based on these factors has good value in predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia, which can help clinicians identify neonates at high risk of asphyxia early, and reduce the incidence of neonatal asphyxia.
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Recién Nacido , Humanos , Masculino , Embarazo , Femenino , Nomogramas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Cesárea , Factores de Riesgo , Asfixia Neonatal/etiologíaRESUMEN
With the aging of population, osteoporosis has become one of the main diseases endangering the health of the elderly in China. Therefore, the research on osteoporosis has become a hot spot. Since Chinese medicines demonstrate significant therapeutic effects on osteoporosis, this issue is attracting increasing attention from researchers, especially in the deciphering of the molecular mechanism. This paper introduces the mechanism of the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis by Chinese medicines via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for deciphering the mechanism of Chinese medicines in the treatment of osteoporosis and promoting their clinical application. MAPK signaling pathway mainly involves p38 MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5). Studies have shown that these proteins play a role in the progression of osteoporosis by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Chinese medicines as a unique therapy with Chinese characteristics has definite efficacy, high safety, and mild side effects. Researchers have proved by experiments that the extracts or compounds of Chinese medicines can significantly mitigate osteoporosis by regulating the proteins involved in the MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, this article reviews the relevant studies with focus on these proteins.