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T helper 9 (Th9) cells are interleukin 9 (IL-9)-producing cells that have diverse functions ranging from antitumor immune responses to allergic inflammation. Th9 cells differentiate from naïve CD4+ T cells in the presence of IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß); however, our understanding of the molecular basis of their differentiation remains incomplete. Previously, we reported that the differentiation of another subset of TGF-ß-driven T helper cells, Th17 cells, is highly dependent on de novo lipid biosynthesis. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that lipid metabolism may also be important for Th9 cell differentiation. We therefore investigated the differentiation and function of mouse and human Th9 cells in vitro under conditions of pharmacologically or genetically induced deficiency of the intracellular fatty acid content and in vivo in mice genetically deficient in acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), an important enzyme for fatty acid biosynthesis. Both the inhibition of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and the deprivation of environmental lipids augmented differentiation and IL-9 production in mouse and human Th9 cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that the increase in Th9 cell differentiation was mediated by the retinoic acid receptor and the TGF-ß-SMAD signaling pathways. Upon adoptive transfer, ACC1-inhibited Th9 cells suppressed tumor growth in murine models of melanoma and adenocarcinoma. Together, our findings highlight a novel role of fatty acid metabolism in controlling the differentiation and in vivo functions of Th9 cells.
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To meet the energetic requirements associated with activation, proliferation, and survival, T cells switch their metabolic signatures from energetically quiescent to activated. However, little is known about the role of metabolic pathway controlling the development of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. In the present study, we found that acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), a rate-limiting enzyme for the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, plays an essential role in the development of iNKT cells in the thymus. Mice lacking T-cell specific ACC1 showed a reduced number of iNKT cells with an increased proportion of iNKT cells at immature stages 0 and 1. Furthermore, mixed bone marrow (BM) chimera experiments revealed that T-cell intrinsic ACC1 expression was selectively important for the development of thymic iNKT cells, especially for the differentiation of the NKT1 cell subset. Our single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and functional analysis demonstrated that ACC1 is responsible for survival of developing iNKT cells. Thus, these findings highlighted a novel role of ACC1 in controlling thymic iNKT cell development mediated by the control of cell survival.
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Células T Asesinas Naturales , Ratones , Animales , Timo , Diferenciación Celular , Adipogénesis , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Acetil-CoA Carboxilasa/genética , Acetil-CoA Carboxilasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Objectivesã"Rest" has two aspects: "repose," to recover from physical or mental fatigue, and "restore," to re-establish physical, mental, and social health. Many male workers work for prolonged hours, and despite stress, they do not apply coping behaviors, unlike female workers. Consequently, taking sufficient rest is difficult for male workers. The aim of this study was to develop a scale incorporating multiple factors to evaluate the state in which male workers take rest.MethodsãA questionnaire survey was conducted involving 330 male workers aged 20-59 years who had been engaged in two manufacturing industries. The questionnaire items were created with reference to an interview survey of male workers in the literature. After discussing with industrial hygiene experts and conducting a pretest to obtain surface validity, 70 items were used for analyses. In the exploratory factor analysis, promax rotation was used with the maximum likelihood method. In the confirmatory factor analysis, goodness of fit was confirmed with the covariance structure analysis. Health-related quality of life, job stress, work engagement, sleep, and self-assessment of rest were used to examine concurrent validity.ResultsãWith the exploratory factor analysis, we introduced a scale containing 15 items, including three subscales: filling with spirit, enthusiasm for work, and recovery from fatigue. The reliability coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) of the three subscales and the overall scale ranged from 0.79 to 0.88 and 0.89, ensuring internal consistency. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a generally good fit. Their scores were correlated with many items of the health-related quality of life, job stress, work engagement, sleep, and self-assessment of rest.ConclusionsãA 15-item "Rest Evaluation Scale" was created to evaluate the state in which male workers in the manufacturing industries take rest. Since the validity, reliability, and concurrent validity of this scale were satisfactory, this scale was considered to be an index evaluating the state of rest of male workers.
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Estrés Laboral , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Adaptación Psicológica , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Análisis FactorialRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to clarify the transition to the implementation of smoking prohibition at eating and drinking establishments one year before and after April 2020, the time when they became "nonsmoking" in principle following the implementation of the amendment bill for the Health Promotion Act of Japan. METHODS: The total number of nonsmoking/smoking eating and drinking establishments by industry were obtained using the data from "Tabelog®." The number of people who tested positive for COVID-19 by the polymerase chain reaction test on the day of the survey nationwide and the bankruptcy status of the companies (eating and drinking establishments, etc.) for each month were ascertained. RESULTS: In 2020, a state of emergency was declared owing to the increase in the number of people positive for COVID-19, and many eating and drinking establishments went bankrupt. Despite these circumstances, the number of nonsmoking eating and drinking establishments exceeded that of smoking establishments in March 2020 and continued to increase thereafter. Additionally, the number of nonsmoking "restaurants" increased and exceeded that of smoking restaurants in June 2020. The number of nonsmoking "cafes" already exceeded that of smoking "cafes" at the beginning of this survey and continued to increase. The number of nonsmoking "bars" increased, but that of smoking "bars" remained high. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to promote measures against passive smoking while paying attention to the trends for different types of eating and drinking establishments, rather than considering all establishments together.
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Política Pública/legislación & jurisprudencia , Restaurantes/legislación & jurisprudencia , Fumar/legislación & jurisprudencia , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/prevención & control , COVID-19 , Promoción de la Salud , Humanos , Japón , Política Pública/tendencias , Restaurantes/estadística & datos numéricos , SARS-CoV-2 , Prevención del Hábito de Fumar/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship of the annual transition of implementation of nonsmoking at eating and drinking establishments with indices of population/household and economy/labor by prefecture. METHODS: The prefectural rates of eating and drinking establishments implementing nonsmoking (hereafter, nonsmoking rate) were computed in a year using the data from "Tabelog®". Forty-seven prefectures were classified by hierarchical cluster analysis into "prefecture clusters" 1 to 5 in descending order of the median of nonsmoking rates. The indices of population/household (e.g., percentage of the population aged 65 years and over and percentage of nuclear family household) and economy/labor (e.g., prefectural income per capita and percentage of construction and mining workers) were classified by hierarchical cluster analysis into 11 "index clusters", and the representative index in each index cluster was extracted from the results of the Jonckheere-Terpstra test. An ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed using the numbers 1 to 5 of prefecture clusters as dependent variables and the indices representing the index clusters as independent variables. RESULTS: The percentage of the population aged 65 years and over and the percentage of construction and mining workers were positively related to the order of prefectural clusters. CONCLUSIONS: To promote implementation of nonsmoking in eating and drinking establishments in prefectures especially in those with larger numbers of elderly people and construction and mining workers, it is important to inform the persons in charge that implementation of nonsmoking does not affect the number of customers.
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Restaurantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevención del Hábito de Fumar/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevención del Hábito de Fumar/tendencias , Factores de Edad , Análisis por Conglomerados , Industria de la Construcción , Composición Familiar , Femenino , Humanos , Renta , Japón/epidemiología , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Minería , Población , TrabajoRESUMEN
Four long-term field experiments in mid-west Japan (Shika) made it clear that extinction of colonies exposed to neonicotinoid was much higher than for colonies exposed to organophosphates. The incidence of hive death for of organophosphate-exposed and control (pesticide-free) colonies was similar. We conducted a field experiment in Maui for 271 days using the same pesticides (dinotefuran: 0.2 ppm, clothianidin: 0.08 ppm, fenitrothion: 1 ppm) as used in Shika with the honeybee, Apis mellifera, colonies without mites. Numbers of adult bees, capped brood, mites and other hive parameters were accurately counted on photographs of combs and on the inside of the hives. All six neonicotinoid (dinotefuran & clothianidin)-exposed colonies failed during the experiment. One of three organophosphate (fenitrothion)-exposed colonies and one of the three control colonies also failed. The findings from Maui, where colonies displayed no mites, provides evidence from Shika, with mites, that neonicotinoids are more hazardous to honeybee colonies than organophosphates. The apparent longevity of honeybee colonies on Maui was estimated by numbers of adult bees and capped brood using a mathematical model previously proposed. Seasonal changes in longevity on Maui differ greatly from changes at Shika, the latter showing distinct seasonal variation. Longevity on Maui remains nearly constant throughout the year with wide variations. At Shika, it increases drastically in winter, by six- to ten fold more than the other seasons. Differences seem to depend on the existence of cold winters and the length of flowering seasons. In a perpetually hospitable environment, small changes in conditions can be sensitively reflected in apparent longevity. Examining wide variations in apparent longevity that are seemingly incoherent, we recognized several differences in apparent longevity between neonicotinoid-exposed and organophosphate-exposed colonies: The colony that failed in after organophosphate-exposure colony group exhibited the longest apparent longevity and the fewest number of newly capped brood, as also was the case in control colonies. Extended longevity when few brood are newly produced is reasonable to maintain the colony from a physiological point of view. Extension of apparent longevity is not seen in neonicotinoid-exposed colonies when the number of newly capped brood is fewer. This finding suggests that neonicotinoid pesticides may inhibit normal apian physiology.
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BACKGROUND: The number of Japanese expatriates has increased, many of whom undertake lifestyle changes to improve their health. PURPOSE: We aim to clarify the health-promoting lifestyles of middle and older age Japanese expatriates. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. Participants comprised 95 long-term Japanese expatriates residing in popular destinations: the Philippines and Thailand. Health behavior was evaluated using a Japanese version of Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II and participants were compared with a group living in Japan. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the factors that correlate with the score of physical activity, a Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II subscale. RESULTS: The expatriates had significantly higher scores of physical activity and nutrition than the group living in Japan. Factors positively related to physical activity were communicative literacy, information on health management before leaving Japan, no history of hypertension, and sufficient English proficiency. CONCLUSION: The Japanese expatriates we studied were physically active and were careful about nutrition. To further increase their physical activity, better access to health information and enhancement of communicative literacy and of English proficiency are desired.
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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to confirm the association of the status of implementation of nonsmoking at eating and drinking establishments with the prevalence of persons with subjective symptoms, the prevalence of persons with diseases under treatment, medical expenses, and mortality rate using prefectural data. METHODS: The prefectural rate of eating and drinking establishments implementing nonsmoking (hereafter, nonsmoking rate) was calculated using the data from "Tabelog®". The variables of interest were the prevalence of persons with subjective symptoms, the prevalence of persons with diseases under treatment, medical expenses (total, hospitalization and nonhospitalization expenses), and the mortality rates of malignant neoplasms (lung cancer, stomach cancer, and colon cancer), heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, cerebral infarction, and pneumonia in each prefecture. The partial correlation coefficient was estimated between the nonsmoking rate and the variable of interest using the smoking rate by prefectural as the control variable. RESULTS: The nonsmoking rate showed a significantly negative correlation with the medical expenses. When eating and drinking establishments were divided into "restaurant", "café", and "bar", the nonsmoking rate also indicated a significantly negative correlation with the medical expenses in any category. It was negatively related to the mortality rates of cerebrovascular disease, cerebral infarction, and pneumonia. The negative correlation was stronger in females than in males. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the implementation of nonsmoking at eating and drinking establishments may reduce the mortality rates of diseases, such as cerebrovascular disease, cerebral infarction, and pneumonia, and medical expenses. Thus, it is important to implement nonsmoking at eating and drinking establishments in line with the Revised Health Promotion Act.
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Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/mortalidad , Gastos en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Promoción de la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Cardiopatías/mortalidad , Neoplasias/mortalidad , No Fumadores/estadística & datos numéricos , Restaurantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevención del Hábito de Fumar/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Infarto del Miocardio/mortalidad , Neumonía/mortalidad , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: In our previous study in which we aimed to clarify the factors related to salt intake in women aged 40-59 years, salt intake was found to be not related to salt-reduction cognizance. The aim of this research was to clarify factors related to salt intake in those who were cognizant of the importance of reducing their salt intake. METHODS: Two hundred and forty-seven female guardians (effective rate, 32.2%) in a medical university, aged 40-59 years old, participated in this study. The participants were divided into three groups according to their salt-reduction cognizance. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in salt intake between the three groups who were salt-reduction cognizant. Intakes of potassium (mg/1,000 kcal), vegetables, and fruits were higher in those who were cognizant of the importance of reducing their salt intake. The frequencies of consuming stewed foods, miso soup, and vinegared and marinated dishes were also higher. Those who were salt-reduction cognizant were knowledgeable about salt consumption, had experienced making low-salt dishes, used low-sodium seasoning, and made light-tasting dishes by regulating ingredients when cooking. However, when it came to eating, there was no difference in the percentage of those who left most of the broth when eating noodle soups and the frequency with which they added seasoning in terms of salt-reduction cognizance. CONCLUSION: Salt-reduction cognizant women aged 40-59 years made conscious efforts to use less salt at the time of cooking, but made no efforts when eating, even though they were cognizant of the importance of reducing their salt intake.
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Estado de Conciencia , Dieta Hiposódica/psicología , Dieta Hiposódica/estadística & datos numéricos , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Tutores Legales/psicología , Cloruro de Sodio Dietético/administración & dosificación , Estudiantes de Medicina , Adulto , Femenino , Frutas , Humanos , Tutores Legales/estadística & datos numéricos , Modelos Logísticos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Potasio en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , VerdurasRESUMEN
ObjectivesãThe goal of this study was to determine whether experiencing Japan's specific medical checkup is associated with a health promotion lifestyle, health literacy (HL), and social capital (SC) by type of healthcare coverage.MethodsãThe subjects were 1,048 residents of A City aged 40 through 74 years. Individuals who had experienced more than one medical checkup during the past two years were categorized as "Consultation." Individuals without that experience were categorized as "No consultation." Data were collected via an anonymous self-administered mail questionnaire survey. Health promotion lifestyles were assessed using a Japanese version of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP II). HL was measured with the 14-item Health Literacy Scale. The SC was measured following Hanibuchi's six-item scale.ResultsãThe response rates were 34.4% for males and 39.6% for females. Of the males covered by National Health Insurance (NHI), 68.8% were Consultation. Of the females covered by NHI, 79.4% were Consultation. Of the males covered by social insurance, 91.7% were Consultation, and 72.6% of the females covered by social insurance were Consultation. The consultation ratio of males covered by NHI was significantly lower among those without a co-residential spouse than among those living with a spouse. The physical activity score (a HPLP II subscale) of the females covered by NHI was significantly lower among those without compared to those with consultation. Among the males covered by social insurance, the nutrition score (a HPLP II subscale) was significantly higher among those without compared to those with consultation, and the number of neighbors providing companionship (an item in the SC scale) was larger. Among the females covered by social insurance, the health responsibility score (a HPLP II subscale) was significantly lower among those without than among those with consultation.ConclusionãThere were significant relationships between experiencing more than one medical checkup during the past two years and health promotion lifestyles and between that experience and social capital, except for males covered by NHI. Policies based on these results are encouraged to increase participation in medical checkups. Regarding males covered by NHI, support of their participation in medical checkups by people close to them would be an effective way to increase participation.
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Alfabetización en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Promoción de la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Estilo de Vida Saludable , Seguro de Salud , Examen Físico/estadística & datos numéricos , Capital Social , Adulto , Anciano , Concienciación , Femenino , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Educación en Salud , Humanos , Seguro de Salud/clasificación , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The longevity of a honeybee colony is far more significant than the lifespan of an individual honeybee, a social insect. The longevity of a honeybee colony is integral to the fate of the colony. We have proposed a new mathematical model to estimate the apparent longevity defined in the upper limit of an integral equation. The apparent longevity can be determined only from the numbers of adult bees and capped brood. By applying the mathematical model to a honeybee colony in Japan, seasonal changes in apparent longevity were estimated in three long-term field experiments. Three apparent longevities showed very similar season-changes to one another, increasing from early autumn, reaching a maximum at the end of overwintering and falling approximately plumb down after overwintering. The influence of measurement errors in the numbers of adult bees and capped brood on the apparent longevity was investigated.
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Abejas/fisiología , Longevidad/fisiología , Modelos Teóricos , Estaciones del Año , AnimalesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to clarify the conditions of food consumption related to salt intake in women aged 40-59 years and to determine the characteristics of working mothers. METHODS: Among all guardians in a medical university, 247 (effective response rate, 32.2%) mothers of 40-59 years of age participated in this study. RESULTS: Factors related to salt intake were the frequency of consuming Japanese dishes (stewed foods, Japanese style rice, pickles, miso soup, noodles, vinegared dishes, marinated foods) and dietary habit (use of low-sodium seasoning when cooking, the amount of broth left unconsumed when eating noodle soup, the use of seasoning at the table). In comparison with the nonworking mothers, a greater number of the working mothers purchased smaller amount of fresh food and prepared meals for dinner in less than 30 minutes. Furthermore, the frequency of consuming Japanese dishes was also lower in the working mothers. This was not related to their state of mind or knowledge about salt consumption in relation to health and conscious effort to eat less salt, but rather to their longer work hours and shorter meal preparation time. Dietary habits are related to the state of mind, flavor, and knowledge and efforts to eat less salt. Working mothers, as well as nonworking mothers had dietary habits. CONCLUSION: For women in this age group, to reduce salt consumption, adopting ways to eat less salt at the table, which are feasible for everyone, are effective.
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Ingestión de Alimentos/psicología , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Preferencias Alimentarias/psicología , Madres/psicología , Cloruro de Sodio Dietético/administración & dosificación , Mujeres Trabajadoras/psicología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudiantes de Medicina , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Gusto , UniversidadesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this research were to investigate the hazardous effects of heat-not-burn tobacco and to clarify the health effects accompanying the transition from cigarettes to heat-not-burn tobacco. METHODS: The concentrations of carbon monoxide, ammonia, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and dust (hazardous substances) were measured in the smoke of heat-not-burn tobacco. Twenty-nine smokers were used as the subjects. The concentrations of hazardous substances were measured in exhalation of heat-not-burn tobacco. The concentration of cotinine in saliva was also measured after the transition. A questionnaire survey was performed before and after the transition to evaluate nicotine dependence, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and smoking behaviors. RESULTS: In the mainstream smoke, all hazardous substances investigated were detected. Carbon monoxide and dust were detected in the exhalation of heat-not-burn tobacco. The concentration of cotinine in the saliva of heat-not-burn tobacco users corresponded to that of cigarette smokers. Cigarette smoking was significantly positively related to the score of Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Heat-not-burn tobacco was significantly positively related to FTND and Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS) scores. The group in which the number of heat-not-burn tobacco sticks consumed increased after transition showed a smaller number of cigarettes consumed and a higher MNWS score before transition than the group in which it decreased after transition. These two factors were significantly related to the difference between the numbers of cigarettes and heat-not-burn tobacco sticks in multiple linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The mainstream smoke of heat-not-burn tobacco contains harmful substances. There were the possibilities that nicotine dependence and nicotine withdrawal symptoms appear after transition and that the number of heat-not-burn tobacco sticks consumed increases.
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Nicotiana/efectos adversos , Nicotina/efectos adversos , Fumar/psicología , Síndrome de Abstinencia a Sustancias/etiología , Productos de Tabaco/efectos adversos , Tabaquismo/etiología , Acetaldehído/análisis , Adulto , Amoníaco/análisis , Pruebas Respiratorias , Monóxido de Carbono/análisis , Cotinina/análisis , Polvo/análisis , Formaldehído/análisis , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Saliva/química , Humo/análisis , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ObjectivesãIn order to promote health in the community, collaborative activities with community organizations are, in addition to individual health guidance, considered to be effective. Health promotion volunteers (HPVs) are now gaining attention as one such community organization. The purposes of this research were to clarify the characteristics of health literacy, social capital, and health behavior acquired through experience by HPVs and to obtain findings with which to examine ways to foster HPVs.MethodsãAn anonymous, self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted through the postal system in a town with 87 currently active HPVs, 158 former HPVs who served between April 2009 and March 2015, and 299 people with no experience as HPVs. The respondents were 54 active HPVs (response rate, 62.1%); 69 former HPVs (43.7%); and 136 people with no experience (45.5%). Participants were asked about their sociodemographic characteristics; activity status as an HPV; self-rated health; whether they had undergone a medical examination (recently) or not; health literacy; social capital; health behaviors; etc.ResultsãHealth literacy, social capital, and health behavior scores of active HPVs showed no significant difference among the three groups. Many of the active HPVs felt that the work was "of help to the local government." The number of participants who tried to encourage others and who self-rated their health statuses as healthy in the active HPV group were significantly higher compared with the former HPVs and the group with no experience.ConclusionãIn fostering HPVs, it is necessary to support them in order to ensure that they proactively engage in activities promoting health.
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Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Alfabetización en Salud , Conducta Social , Femenino , Promoción de la Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , VoluntariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of female elderly participants of a group exercise organized by the participants themselves and the changes in their physical, mental, and social health, and life function. Findings of this study will be used for promoting effective preventive care. METHODS: The subjects whose characteristics were analyzed were 394 participants and 757 nonparticipants of the group exercise. Those whose changes in health were analyzed were 52 participants and 114 nonparticipants. Locomotion Check and self-rated health score were used as indices of physical health. World Health Organization-Five well-being (S-WHO-5-J) index and self-rated life satisfaction level were used as indices of mental health. Satisfaction level of social activities was one of indices of social health. The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence was used as an index of life function. The health-examination data analyzed were Body Mass Index, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and HbA1c level. RESULTS: In the participant group, the proportions of those who lived alone, who were affluent, and who had no job were higher than those in the nonparticipant group. The indices of physical, mental and social health and life function were higher in the participant group. There was no significant difference in the 5-year trend of health-examination data between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the yearly change in the indices of physical health and life function. The S-WHO-5-J index, self-rated life satisfaction level, and satisfaction level of social activities were maintained or improved in the participant group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest the possible usefulness of the group exercise for maintaining the mental and social health of elderly women.
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Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Estado de Salud , Relaciones Interpersonales , Salud Mental , Satisfacción Personal , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Few reports on breast cancer patients have focused on the younger ages at which breast cancer morbidity increases. The purpose of this study was to clarify the quality of life (QOL) and its related factors in female postoperative breast cancer patients younger than 50 years. METHODS: A total of 166 (valid rate 57.8%) female postoperative patients were administered a questionnaire anonymously answered at their outpatient clinics specializing in breast cancer. QOL was evaluated using the QOL Questionnaire for Cancer Patients Treated with Anticancer Drugs (QOL-ACD). Multiple regression analysis of 13 items that showed a significant difference in the total points of QOL-ACD was performed with categories as independent variables and the total points of QOL-ACD as a dependent variable. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 43.6 years. The median total points of QOL-ACD was 88. The multiple regression analysis showed the following seven factors were related to the total points of QOL-ACD: ability to fulfill roles in the family, no symptoms, no financial difficuies, requiring no support at hospital visit, the use of many kinds of stress-coping methods, taking no medication for diseases other than cancer, and not unsatisfied with the scars and shape of breasts. CONCLUSION: The QOL of young, postoperative breast cancer patients was lower than that of the patient groups that included older subjects. To improve their QOL, it is important to provide social support for their family roles and economic situations, in addition to physical and psychological support based on the characteristics of the disease.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/psicología , Calidad de Vida , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Neoplasias de la Mama/economía , Neoplasias de la Mama/epidemiología , Familia , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Morbilidad , Periodo Posoperatorio , Análisis de Regresión , Apoyo Social , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The biosynthetic pathway of the pyrimidine moiety of thiamin was studied in the archaean Halobacterium salinarum. Thiamin is biosynthesized from 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine (pyrimidine) and 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole (thiazole). The pyrimidine and the thiazole are biosynthesized de novo in microorganisms. The biosynthetic routes of pyrimidine in microorganisms differ between eukaryote and eubacteria. In the eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, histidine and pyridoxine are the precursors of pyrimidine, while in the eubacterium Escherichia coli, pyrimidine is biosynthesized from 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR), an intermediate of purine biosynthesis. Tracer investigations revealed that [(15)N]-, [1-(13)C]- and [2-(13)C] glycine, precursors of AIR, were incorporated into the pyrimidine in H. salinarum. These results suggested that the biosynthetic route of the pyrimidine in H. salinarum is similar to that of E. coli.
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Halobacterium salinarum/metabolismo , Pirimidinas/metabolismo , Tiamina/biosíntesis , Vías Biosintéticas , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Glicina/metabolismo , Histidina/metabolismo , Purinas/metabolismo , Piridoxina/metabolismo , Ribonucleótidos/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Tiazoles/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to clarify whether the explanation received from the guardian at the time of inoculation of a HPV vaccine is related to preventive behaviors against uterine cervical cancer among junior high school girls. The preventive behaviors were set as "wishing to receive the HPV vaccination" and "considering on sexual behaviors (dating, kissing, sexual relations)." METHODS: An anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was performed on 206 second-year junior high school girls who were candidates for the inoculation of the HPV vaccine in the previous year. We considered that a subject received an explanation on HPV vaccination if she received explanations on this topic, such as "an HPV vaccine prevents uterine cancer." We considered that a subject received an explanation on pubertal events if she received explanations on this topic, such as "the importance of a life." Including these two variables among the independent variables, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: The knowledge on uterine cancer was promoted when the subjects received explanations about the HPV vaccination. Many subjects received explanations on pubertal events by receiving explanations on HPV vaccination. The guardian's explanation about HPV vaccination was one of the factors related to "wishing to receive the HPV vaccination" and "considering on sexual behaviors." CONCLUSION: It is important for guardians to explain to their children about HPV vaccination without hesitation at the time of the vaccination.
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Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Vacunas contra Papillomavirus/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/prevención & control , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Padres , Conducta Sexual , VacunaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Improving the work environment is effective as a primary measure against mental health disorders. The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that using a "Like!" seal would promote friendly relations in the workplace, and reduce the stress reactions of nurses in a hospital. The "Like!" seal was inspired by "Thanks" cards conveying appreciation mutually, "OK" cards conveying the recognition of good points, and the "Like" button frequently used in social networking services. METHODS: The subjects were 362 nurses working in a university hospital, of whom, 156 (43.1%) permitted the use of data collected before and after the intervention. A total of 151 (41.7%) subjects were analyzed. The intervention using the "Like!" seal lasted 8 weeks. The controls were 105 nurses who answered the same questionnaire in the same hospital and who permitted the use of the collected data. The question items comprised: basic attributes, the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire, the Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale, the Brief Scales for Coping Profile (BSCP), the lifestyles (HPI), and the number of uses of the "Like!" seal. To examine the effects of the intervention, a two-way analysis of variance was performed. To examine the factors related to changed psychological symptoms, a multiple linear regression analysis (stepwise method) was performed with the variation as the dependent variable. RESULTS: The number of uses of the "Like!" seal was 7,010 seals in total, and 19.4 seals on average per nurse. Many seals read phrases showing thanks and/or approval. Psychological symptoms showed a significant interaction. The scores increased in the intervention group after the intervention, but showed no change in the control group. Among the subscales of SOC, manageability showed a significant interaction. Increased scores were found in the intervention group after the intervention, but there was no change in the control group. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that two factors were related to the variation of psychological symptoms. They were: the variation of manageability, and the number of seals used per nurse. CONCLUSIONS: The "Like!" seal which encourages mutual conveyance of feelings of thanks and/or approval has the potential to reduce the stress reactions of nurses.
Asunto(s)
Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/psicología , Exposición Profesional/prevención & control , Salud Laboral , Prevención Primaria/métodos , Apoyo Social , Estrés Psicológico/prevención & control , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Lugar de Trabajo/psicología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The biosynthetic pathways of the thiazole moiety of thiamin were studied in the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum. Thiamin is generated by the union of 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine (pyrimidine) and 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole (thiazole). The biosynthesis of thiazole is different in facultative anaerobes, aerobes and eukaryotes. In eukaryotes, the C-4, -4', -5, -5' and -5" of the thiazole is biosynthesized from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), with cysteine as S donor and the C-2 and N atoms of glycine. In facultative anaerobic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, the precursors of the thiazole are the N and C-2 atoms from tyrosine and C-4, -4', -5, -5' and -5" from 1-deoxy-D-xylurose-5-phosphate, again with cysteine as S donor. In aerobic bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, L-tyrosine is replaced by glycine. In Archaea, known as the third domain of life, the biosynthetic pathway of thiamin has not yet been elucidated. In the present study in the archaeon H. salinarum, it was shown that both the N and C-2 from glycine are incorporated into the thiazole, rather than the N atom coming from L-tyrosine. These results show that thiazole biosynthesis in H. salinarum more closely resembles the biosynthetic pathway found in eukaryotes.