Adaptive array technique for differential-phase reflectometry in QUEST.

A Phased Array Antenna (PAA) was considered as launching and receiving antennae in reflectometry to attain good directivity in its applied microwave range. A well-focused beam was obtained in a launching antenna application, and differential-phase evolution was properly measured by using a metal reflector plate in the proof-of-principle experiment at low power test facilities. Differential-phase evolution was also evaluated by using the PAA in the Q-shu University Experiment with Steady State Spherical Tokamak (QUEST). A beam-forming technique was applied in receiving phased-array antenna measurements. In the QUEST device that should be considered as a large oversized cavity, standing wave effect was significantly observed with perturbed phase evolution. A new approach using derivative of measured field on propagating wavenumber was proposed to eliminate the standing wave effect.

Thermal imaging of plasma with a phased array antenna in QUEST.

A thermal imaging system to measure plasma Electron Bernstein Emission (EBE) emanating from the mode conversion region in overdense plasma is discussed. Unlike conventional ECE/EBE imaging, this diagnostics does not employ any active mechanical scanning mirrors or focusing optics to scan for the emission cones in plasma. Instead, a standard 3 × 3 waveguide array antenna is used as a passive receiver to collect emission from plasma and imaging reconstruction is done by accurate measurements of phase and intensity of these signals by heterodyne detection technique. A broadband noise source simulating the EBE, is installed near the expected mode conversion region and its position is successfully reconstructed using phase array technique which is done in post processing.

Effects of unilateral upper incisor extraction on facial growth of young rats.

The effects of unilateral extraction of the upper incisor (one tooth) on facial growth of young rats were studied. The remaining upper incisor showed deviation towards the opposite side, and there was regular dental wear of all the incisors. The effects were evident only in the mid-facial area. Cephalometric measurements showed significant shortening with deviation of the incisor bone on the extraction side. There was no significant disturbance of the growth of the rest of the maxilla and mandible. These results indicate that upper incisor extractions have a localized influence, leading to impairment of incisor bone growth.

Passive mandibular border positions and their relationships with signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorder. A study of linear and angular measurements.

Linear measurements of passive mandibular border positions and angular measurements of passive opening were recorded in a group of patients with craniomandibular disorders. The relationships between signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders and abnormal capacity of movement were studied. There was significant association of some signs and symptoms related to the temporomandibular joint and abnormal vertical and horizontal excursions. On the other hand, there was only one relationship between occlusal factors and abnormal passive mandibular border positions.

Passive mandibular border positions in craniomandibular disorder patients and asymptomatic individuals: a comparative study.

Measurements of passive mandibular border positions were recorded in a group of patients with craniomandibular disorders and compared with those of a control group of asymptomatic individuals. The mean values of triplicate measurements did not show significant difference. This finding indicates that a passive measurement is sufficient for surveying mandibular border positions. The mean values of mandibular border positions revealed no significant difference between patients with craniomandibular disorders and asymptomatic individuals. Results indicate that measurement of mandibular border positions is not a specific factor for diagnosis of craniomandibular disorders, but it seems a valuable method to evaluate the treatment of individual cases.

[Temporomandibular injury: a cause of limited mouth opening]. / Ferimento na região temporomandibular: uma causa de limitação da abertura de boca.

A case of limitation of jaw opening caused by an intentional knife wound to the temporomandibular region is presented. The chief complaint was pain and restricted jaw movement. Treatment consisted of the administration of antiinflammatory agent. Recovery was complete and without complications, normal jaw opening being obtained. The possibility that the inflammatory process stimulates muscular spasm is emphasized.