RESUMEN
The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a causative agent of severe viral encephalitis in humans, has a biological cycle fluctuating between transmission in mosquitoes and avian species and amplification in pigs. Contact transmission of JEV was recently shown in pigs in the absence of arthropod vectors. Here, we show JEV transmission between infected and contact mice and further demonstrate that JEV transmission occurs between animals via aerosols, as both viral RNA and infectious JEV were detected in direct contact- and aerosol-exposed contact animals. The results of this study change our understanding of JEV transmission in densely populated regions and may help to explain JEV outbreaks without the presence of arthropod vectors.
Asunto(s)
Aerosoles , Encefalitis Japonesa/transmisión , Tropismo Viral , Animales , Virus de la Encefalitis Japonesa (Especie)/genética , Virus de la Encefalitis Japonesa (Especie)/patogenicidad , Femenino , Genotipo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Absorción Nasal , ARN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Organismos Libres de Patógenos Específicos , Esparcimiento de VirusRESUMEN
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne, zoonotic flavivirus causing viral encephalitis in humans and reproductive disorder in swine. JEV is prevalent throughout China in human; however, spatiotemporal analysis of JEV in Chinese swine herds has not been reported previously. Herein, we present serological and molecular epidemiological results and estimates of prevalence of JEV infections among swine herds in various regions of China. The results suggest that JEV infections are widespread and genotype I and III strains co-exist in the same regions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to monitor JEV infection status among swine herds in China.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Encefalitis Japonesa (Especie)/genética , Encefalitis Japonesa/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiología , Animales , Proteínas de la Cápside/genética , China/epidemiología , Encefalitis Japonesa/epidemiología , Encefalitis Japonesa/virología , Genotipo , Epidemiología Molecular , Filogenia , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN/veterinaria , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virologíaRESUMEN
The genome of JEV strain SC201301, which was isolated from an aborted fetal piglet in 2013 in Sichuan province in China, was completely sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. Sequence alignments showed that the SC201301 strain shared 97-100% sequence identity with other genotype III strains but showed less similarity to genotype I representative JEVs. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the SC201301 strain belonged to genotype III and was most closely related to representative strains such as SA14-14-2, HW and SH0601. Our findings suggest that JEV genotype III is still prevalent in swine herds in Sichuan province in China, and thus, there is an urgent need to monitor the infection status of JEV among swine herds in China.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Encefalitis Japonesa (Especie)/genética , Encefalitis Japonesa/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Animales , China/epidemiología , Virus de la Encefalitis Japonesa (Especie)/clasificación , Virus de la Encefalitis Japonesa (Especie)/aislamiento & purificación , Encefalitis Japonesa/epidemiología , Encefalitis Japonesa/virología , Femenino , Genoma Viral , Genotipo , Epidemiología Molecular , Filogenia , Embarazo , Prevalencia , Sus scrofa/virología , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
To investigate porcine parvovirus 5 (PPV5) infections in swine herds in China, clinical specimens of piglet lungs were examined for the presence of PPV5 using a polymerase chain reaction method. A strain of PPV5 was detected, and its genome was sequenced and analyzed. In the sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, the Chinese PPV5 strain clustered into a distinct clade with the reference PPV5 strains. These results provide direct evidence that PPV5 is present in pigs in China. Extensive epidemiological studies are warranted to determine the geographic distribution of PPV5 in China.