Notable dysthymia: evolving trends of major depressive disorders and dysthymia in China from 1990 to 2019, and projections until 2030.

BACKGROUND: Depressive disorders have been identified as a significant contributor to non-fatal health loss in China. Among the various subtypes of depressive disorders, dysthymia is gaining attention due to its similarity in clinical severity and disability to major depressive disorders (MDD). However, national epidemiological data on the burden of disease and risk factors of MDD and dysthymia in China are scarce. METHODS: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by MDD and dysthymia in China between 1990 and 2019. The temporal trends of the depressive disorder burden were evaluated using the average annual percentage change. The comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of DALYs attributed to risk factors, and a Bayesian age-period-cohort model was applied to project the burden of depressive disorders. RESULTS: From 1990 to 2019, the overall age-standardized estimates of dysthymia in China remained stable, while MDD showed a decreasing trend. Since 2006, the raw prevalence of dysthymia exceeded that of MDD for the first time, and increased alternately with MDD in recent years. Moreover, while the prevalence and burden of MDD decreased in younger age groups, it increased in the aged population. In contrast, the prevalence and burden of dysthymia remained stable across different ages. In females, 11.34% of the DALYs attributable to depressive disorders in 2019 in China were caused by intimate partner violence, which has increasingly become prominent among older women. From 2020 to 2030, the age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and DALYs of dysthymia in China are projected to remain stable, while MDD is expected to continue declining. CONCLUSIONS: To reduce the burden of depressive disorders in China, more attention and targeted strategies are needed for dysthymia. It's also urgent to control potential risk factors like intimate partner violence and develop intervention strategies for older women. These efforts are crucial for improving mental health outcomes in China.

Psychological distress, emotion regulation, neuroticism, and sexual relationship on patients with temporary ejaculation failure in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer treatment.

Objective: Temporary ejaculation failure on the oocyte retrieval day might leading interruption of the oocyte retrieval procedure. The present study aims to understand the psychosocial factor that affects men with temporary ejaculation failure (TEF) in Vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) patients, and thus provide new ideas for optimal clinical treatment. Study design: In a prospective study, the male patients during IVF treatment in a reproductive center of a tertiary hospital in Shandong were divided into two groups, 70 men with TEF and 79 normal controls. General population sociology and clinical disease were investigated, and the Kessler 10 scale, emotion regulation questionnaire, big five inventory questionnaire, and sex subscale of marriage quality were used to assess the psychological distress, emotion regulation, neuroticism, and satisfaction with sexual life. Results: The scores of perceived distress and neuroticism of the TEF group were higher than the non-TEF group (p < 0.001), and cognitive reappraisal and sexual relationship were significantly lower than those in the non-TEF group (p < 0.001). Psychological distress (OR 1.130, p = 0.031) and neuroticism (OR 1.096, p = 0.050) were risk factors for TEF, while cognitive reappraisal (OR 0.883, p = 0.004) and sexual relationship (OR 0.712, p < 0.001) was protective factors. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that psychosocial factors influence TEF in IVF-ET patients, which provides the basis for the prevention of the occurrence of TEF in a male undergoing IVF-ET.