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BACKGROUNDS AND OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to define a novel algorithm capable of predicting female adolescents' cervical vertebrae maturation stage with high recall and accuracy. METHODS: A total of 560 female cephalograms were collected, and cephalograms with unclear vertebral shapes and deformed scales were removed. 480 films from female adolescents (mean age: 11.5 years; age range: 6-19 years) were used for the model development phase, and 80 subjects were randomly and stratified allocated to the validation cohort to further assess the model's performance. Derived significant predictive parameters from 15 anatomic points and 25 quantitative parameters of the second to fourth cervical vertebrae (C2-C4) to establish the ordinary logistic regression model. Evaluation metrics including precision, recall, and F1 score are employed to assess the efficacy of the models in each identified cervical vertebrae maturation stage (iCS). In cases of confusion and mispredictions, the model underwent modification to improve consistency. RESULTS: Four significant parameters, including chronological age, the ratio of D3 to AH3 (D3:AH3), anterosuperior angle of C4 (@4), and distance between C3lp and C4up (C3lp-C4up) were administered into the ordinary regression model. The primary predicting model that implements the novel algorithm was built and the performance evaluation with all stages of 93.96% for accuracy, 93.98% for precision, 93.98% for recall, and 93.95% for F1-score were obtained. Despite the hybrid logistic-based model achieving high accuracy, the unsatisfactory performance of stage estimation was noticed for iCS3 in the primary cohort (89.17%) and validation cohort (85.00%). Through bivariate logistic regression analysis, the posterior height of C4 (PH4) was further selected in the iCS3 to establish a corrected model, thus the evaluation metrics were upgraded to 95.83% and 90.00%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: An unbiased and objective assessment of the cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM) method can function as a decision-support tool, assisting in the evaluation of the optimal timing for treatment in growing adults. Our novel proposed logistic model yielded individual formulas for each specific CVM stage and attained exceptional performance, indicating the capability to function as a benchmark for maturity evaluation in clinical craniofacial orthopedics for Chinese female adolescents.
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Algoritmos , Cefalometría , Vértebras Cervicales , Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Vértebras Cervicales/crecimiento & desarrollo , Vértebras Cervicales/diagnóstico por imagen , Niño , Adulto Joven , Cefalometría/métodos , Determinación de la Edad por el Esqueleto/métodos , Modelos LogísticosRESUMEN
PRMT1 deficiency leads to severely compromised craniofacial development in neural crest cells and profound abnormalities of the craniofacial tissues. Here, we show PRMT1 controls several key processes in calvarial development, including frontal and parietal bone growth rate and the boundary between sutural and osteogenic cells. Pharmacologic PRMT1 inhibition suppresses MC3T3-E1 cell viability and proliferation and impairs osteogenic differentiation. In this text, we investigate the cellular events behind the morphological changes and uncover an essential role of PRMT1 in simulating postnatal bone formation. Inhibition of PRMT1 alleviated BMP signaling through Smads phosphorylation and reduced the deposition of the H4R3me2a mark. Our study demonstrates a regulatory mechanism whereby PRMT1 regulates BMP signaling and the overall properties of the calvaria bone through Smads methylation, which may facilitate the development of an effective therapeutic strategy for craniosynostosis.
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Metiltransferasas , Osteogénesis , Metilación , Cráneo , ArgininaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the techniques used for the automatic digitization of cephalograms using artificial intelligence algorithms, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each one and reviewing the percentage of success in localizing each cephalometric point. METHODS: Lateral cephalograms were digitized and traced by three calibrated senior orthodontic residents with or without artificial intelligence (AI) assistance. The same radiographs of 43 patients were uploaded to AI-based machine learning programs MyOrthoX, Angelalign, and Digident. Image J was used to extract x- and y-coordinates for 32 cephalometric points: 11 soft tissue landmarks and 21 hard tissue landmarks. The mean radical errors (MRE) were assessed radical to the threshold of 1.0 mm,1.5 mm, and 2 mm to compare the successful detection rate (SDR). One-way ANOVA analysis at a significance level of P < .05 was used to compare MRE and SDR. The SPSS (IBM-vs. 27.0) and PRISM (GraphPad-vs.8.0.2) software were used for the data analysis. RESULTS: Experimental results showed that three methods were able to achieve detection rates greater than 85% using the 2 mm precision threshold, which is the acceptable range in clinical practice. The Angelalign group even achieved a detection rate greater than 78.08% using the 1.0 mm threshold. A marked difference in time was found between the AI-assisted group and the manual group due to heterogeneity in the performance of techniques to detect the same landmark. CONCLUSIONS: AI assistance may increase efficiency without compromising accuracy with cephalometric tracings in routine clinical practice and research settings.
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Inteligencia Artificial , Ortodoncistas , Humanos , Cefalometría/métodos , Programas Informáticos , Algoritmos , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) aggregation and macrophages polarization are identified as the main factors contributing to bone diseases caused by aging or diabetes, such as senile or diabetic osteoporosis. Here, we aimed to elucidate the involvement and potential mechanism of AGEs in macrophages polarization and osteoclastogenesis. Firstly, AGEs-treated RAW264.7 macrophages were observed to up-regulate the release of nitric oxide (NO), the expression of M1-associated genes and the surface antigen marker CD86. The detection of osteoclast-related markers and TRAP staining revealed that the osteoclastogenic ability of M1 macrophages was markedly enhanced by AGEs. Further, AGEs were found to effectively activate the transduction of Notch signaling pathway and promote the nuclear translocation of NICD1. In addition, with the signals transduction of Notch pathway blocked by γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT and siRNA targeting silencing RBP-J, AGEs-induced M1 polarization was significantly mitigated. Collectively, we defined a critical role for AGEs in inducing M1 polarization and osteoclastogenesis of macrophages, and further identified Notch/NICD/RBP-J signaling axis as an essential mechanism regulating AGEs-mediated M1 polarization.
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Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada , Macrófagos , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Activación de Macrófagos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/fisiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The aim was to investigate the type, incidence, and degree of orthodontic-related emergencies in orthodontic patients during the 2020 coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and compare the different effects of clear aligner (CA) and fixed self-ligating appliances on the orthodontic emergency. METHODS: The questionnaire was based on emergencies in orthodontics. The responses of 428 patients between the ages of 12 and 38 years (20.4 ± 7.03) in orthodontic treatment during 2020 were examined. RESULTS: The gender, age, and the type of orthodontic appliance affect the incidence of orthodontic-related emergencies. Female or adolescent patients treated by self-ligating appliances showed a higher incidence of emergencies. The patients treated by CA exhibited a much lower incidence of emergency. Appliance detachment and mucosa injury were very common in respondents, whereas accidental ingestion and other rare emergencies were less common. The most common reason leading to appliance detachment was chewing hard food. Interestingly, the fixed self-ligating appliances group was also affected by the accidental detachment of appliances to a large extent. The CA and self-ligating groups showed an almost equal incidence of accidental ingestion. The most common foreign body was elastics in both groups. However, the self-ligating group could accidentally ingest dangerous foreign bodies, such as archwires, miniscrews, and welded attachments. CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic-related emergencies were very common in patients. The CA could effectively reduce orthodontic-related emergencies. Dentists should raise patients' awareness of proper appliance care. A proper and standard protocol should be developed.
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COVID-19 , Aparatos Ortodóncicos Removibles , Soportes Ortodóncicos , Adolescente , Adulto , COVID-19/epidemiología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Diseño de Aparato Ortodóncico , Aparatos Ortodóncicos/efectos adversos , Aparatos Ortodóncicos Fijos , Soportes Ortodóncicos/efectos adversos , Pandemias , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate skeletal and dental changes in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry after surgical-orthodontic treatment using cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT). METHODS: This study included forty adult patients diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion and asymmetry who underwent either isolated mandibular surgery or bimaxillary surgery. CBCT scans were taken before treatment (T0), at the completion of presurgical orthodontic treatment (T1) and after treatment (T2). Mimics 17.0 and 3-Matics 7.0 were used to measure skeletal and dental parameters. Skeletal and dental changes within each group from pretreatment to posttreatment were assessed, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations among skeletal changes. RESULTS: The three-dimensional changes in condylar position were insignificant after surgical-orthodontic treatment in either group (Pâ>â0.05). However, in the one-jaw surgery group, there were significant backward rotations of the condyle and ramus on the nondeviated side (Pâ<â0.05), and the condyle on the deviated side rotated inward and forward significantly in the two-jaw surgery group (Pâ<â0.05) at T2. There were no significant differences in the changes in the total alveolar bone thickness of bilateral first molars during dental decompensation (Pâ>â0.05). The ratio between the buccal and the total bone thickness around the maxillary first molar on the deviated side decreased significantly at T1, as did those around the mandibular first molar on the nondeviated side (Pâ<â0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Condylar angulations were less stable after treatment (7 to 9 months after surgery) in both the one-jaw and the two-jaw surgery groups, while condylar displacements were insignificant. In addition, orthodontists should keep a watchful eye to the relative position of the root in the alveolar bone during tooth decompensation.