A qualitative systematic review of adolescent's perceptions of sleep: Awareness of, barriers to and strategies for promoting healthy sleep patterns.

AIMS: To consolidate adolescents' perspectives regarding various aspects of sleep and offer insights to promote healthier sleep habits during their critical developmental years. METHODS/DATA SOURCES: Six electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science) were searched from their inception dates to June 2023. Data were extracted and meta-summarised using Sandelowski and Barroso's approach and synthesised using Thomas and Harden's thematic analysis framework. RESULTS: Meta-synthesis from 11 peer-reviewed published studies identified four main themes: (1) Awareness and understanding of sleep's significance, (2) The shadows and radiance of slumber, (3) Traversing the sleepscape: trouble bubbles and (4) Illuminating the path: Guiding lights to enhanced sleep. CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS: Our review findings suggest a lack of awareness and guidance regarding the significance of sleep and the cultivation of good sleep habits among adolescents. Identified barriers to adequate sleep encompass various factors, including overthinking, poor habits, family/environmental influences, extensive technology use, peer pressure, the fear of missing out, academic demands and involvement in extracurricular activities. Strategies to improve adolescents' sleep health involve multiple sleep strategies, including sleep education, workshops/seminars, parental involvement, incorporating digital well-being practices, the promotion of relaxation techniques and the provision of essential resources. Prioritising sleep health and implementing targeted interventions are key steps to empower adolescents, create supportive environments and shape a healthier future generation. Future research endeavours should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of interventions and exploring the influence of cultural factors. IMPACT: There exists a notable lack of awareness and guidance regarding the significance of sleep and the cultivation of good sleep habits among adolescents. Barriers to achieving adequate sleep among adolescents include overthinking, poor habits, family/environmental influences, extensive technology use, peer pressure, the fear of missing out, academic demands and involvement in extracurricular activities. The collaboration between healthcare institutions, professionals and educational institutions is crucial to facilitate (1) the implementation of sleep education workshops/seminars targeting adolescents, (2) increased parental involvement and role-modelling to instil good sleep practices among adolescents and (3) enhanced integration of digital well-being practices, the promotion of relaxation techniques and accessibility to essential sleep hygiene resources. REPORTING METHOD: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution. TRIAL AND PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: This review was registered on the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023403775).

Functional Characterization of the Effects of CsDGAT1 and CsDGAT2 on Fatty Acid Composition in Camelina sativa.

Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the storage oils of plant seeds, and these lipids provide energy for seed germination and valuable oils for human consumption. Three diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT1, DGAT2, and DGAT3) and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferases participate in the biosynthesis of TAGs. DGAT1 and DGAT2 participate in the biosynthesis of TAGs through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathway. In this study, we functionally characterized CsDGAT1 and CsDGAT2 from camelina (Camelina sativa). Green fluorescent protein-fused CsDGAT1 and CsDGAT2 localized to the ER when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. To generate Csdgat1 and Csdgat2 mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, camelina was transformed with a binary vector carrying Cas9 and the respective guide RNAs targeting CsDGAT1s and CsDGAT2s via the Agrobacterium-mediated floral dip method. The EDD1 lines had missense and nonsense mutations in the CsDGAT1 homoeologs, suggesting that they retained some CsDGAT1 function, and their seeds showed decreased eicosaenoic acid (C20:1) contents and increased C18:3 contents compared to the wild type (WT). The EDD2 lines had a complete knockout of all CsDGAT2 homoeologs and a slightly decreased C18:3 content compared to the WT. In conclusion, CsDGAT1 and CsDGAT2 have a small influence on the seed oil content and have an acyl preference for C20:1 and C18:3, respectively. This finding can be applied to develop oilseed plants containing high omega-3 fatty acids or high oleic acid.

Factors affecting unintended pregnancy resolution from the perspectives of pregnant women and people: A systematic review of qualitative evidence.

BACKGROUND: Unintended pregnancy is a global issue with significant consequences for individuals and society. It impacts maternal and neonatal health, educational attainment, and interpersonal relationships. The decision-making process surrounding unintended pregnancies is complex, influenced by factors like ambivalence, societal norms, and maternal responsibilities. Understanding pregnant women and people's experiences is crucial to providing support and addressing barriers to access. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to consolidate and synthesize qualitative evidence regarding individual's experiences and the factors influencing their decision-making in unintended pregnancies. METHOD(S): Ten databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO (Ovid), Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and Social Science Database (ProQuest), MedNar and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) were systematically searched for published and unpublished primary qualitative studies from their inception to December 2022. Relevant qualitative data were extracted and meta-summarized using Sandelowski and Barroso's approach and analyzed using Thomas and Harden's thematic analysis framework. RESULTS: Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Four themes were identified from the meta-synthesis: 1) Navigating the head and heart, 2) Involvement and influence of others, 3) Hindrance and help in decision-making, and 4) Growing and gaining. CONCLUSION: This review emphasized the significance of both internal and external factors in shaping pregnant women and people's experiences, and influencing their choices when faced with unintended pregnancies. Recognizing and addressing the multifaceted nature of these decisions; is crucial for different stakeholders such as healthcare professionals, and policymakers to better support pregnant women and people, and promote their well-being. This review sets the stage for future research and practice, emphasizing the ongoing need to empower pregnant women and people, ensure accessible and safe reproductive healthcare services, and promote informed decision-making.

Experiences of nurses managing parenthood and career. A systematic review and meta-synthesis.

AIM: Consolidate and synthesize evidence on working nurse-parent experiences of parenthood. BACKGROUND: Demands in healthcare strain the workforce, causing burnout and high turnover rates, especially among nurses. Balancing work and family responsibilites is even more challenging for nurse-parents. INTRODUCTION: Nursing is highly stressful, and the experiences of nurse-parents are under-researched highlighting the need to better understand and support nurse-parents in their dual roles. METHODS: Seven databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science) were systematically searched for published and unpublished primary qualitative studies. Extracted data were meta-summarized and synthesized using Sandelowski and Barroso's approach. FINDINGS: Twelve peer-reviewed studies, conducted between 2007 and 2022, investigated the challenges faced by 339 female nurse-parents across various countries. The meta-synthesis revealed two main themes: (a) Clashes of dual roles, and (b) Accept, adapt, and compromise, which were supported by six subthemes. Nurse-parents struggled with dual roles, often neglected self-care, and experienced work-family conflicts. However, they learned to accept their situations, adapt by seeking help from family, friends, and colleagues, and compromise on career aspirations to prioritize their families. The importance of organizational support and flexibility in accommodating their dual roles was emphasized. DISCUSSION: Female nurse-parents face challenges in balancing their dual roles, resulting in fatigue, compromised self-care, and limited social interactions. The culture of self-sacrifice in nursing contributes to these challenges, impacting patient safety. Supportive interventions like mindfulness programs and exercise classes can promote well-being. Staffing shortages and shift work further affect the work-life balance for nurse-parents. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: Creating a supportive work environment for nurse-parents is crucial. Family-friendly shifts revised parental leave policies, and improved childcare support are needed. Supporting nurse-parents benefits their well-being and enhances patient care. Collaboration between healthcare organizations and policymakers is essential to address workforce shortages and implement changes.