Programming changes in GLUT1 mediated the accumulation of AGEs and matrix degradation in the articular cartilage of female adult rats after prenatal caffeine exposure.

Osteoarthritis is associated with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and abnormal glucose metabolism. Our laboratory previously reported that prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) can induce intrauterine maternal glucocorticoid (GC) overexposure in IUGR offspring and increase susceptibility to osteoarthritis after birth. In the present study, we demonstrated the essential role of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) programming changes in the increased matrix degradation of articular cartilage and susceptibility to osteoarthritis in female PCE adult offspring. In vivo, we found that PCE decreased the matrix content but did not significantly change the expression of matrix degradation-related genes in the articular cartilage of female fetal rats. The decreased expression of IGF1 and GLUT1 and the content of advanced-glycation-end-products (AGEs) were also detected. At different postnatal stages (2, 6, and 12 weeks), the cartilage matrix content decreased while the degradation-related genes expression increased in the PCE group. Meanwhile, the expression of IGF1 and GLUT1 and AGEs content in the local cartilage increased. In vitro, the expression levels of IGF1 and GLUT1 were inhibited by corticosterone but remained unchanged under caffeine treatment. Exogenous IGF1 can reverse the corticosterone-induced decrease in GLUT1 expression and promote AGEs production, while mifepristone (a glucocorticoid receptor inhibitor) reversed the corticosterone-induced low expression of IGF1 and GLUT1. Exogenous AGEs can increase the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) and degradation-related genes, and decrease the matrix synthesis-related genes expression in chondrocyte. In conclusion, the GC-IGF1-GLUT1 axis mediated intrauterine dysplasia of articular cartilage, increased accumulation of AGEs and matrix degradation after birth in PCE female offspring, thereby increasing their susceptibility to osteoarthritis in adulthood.

Transplantation of islet-like cells from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells at different induced stages for the treatment of diabetic mellitus / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:In previous studies,the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have been successfully differentiated into islet-like cells in vitro,and insulin expressions have been found.OBJECTIVE:To compare the therapeutic effects of different induced stages of islet-like cells differentiated from hUC-MSCs in a diabetic rat in vivo,so as to find the most suitable induced time in vitro and provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment of diabetes mellitus.METHODS:Passage 3 hUC-MSCs were differentiated into islet-like cells after 7,14,21,28 days of oriented induction.Eighty male healthy Wistar rats,clean grade,were used in the study.Except eight rats in normal control group,all the rats were injected with streptozotocin at a dose of 70 mg/kg to establish diabetic models.The rats at 10 days after successful modeling were randomly divided into model control group,non-induced group,7-day induction group,14-day induction group,21-day induction group and 28-day induction group.Rats in the normal control group and model control group were given 2 mL of culture medium without any cells and rats in the other groups were implanted withcorresponding cell suspension (2x106 cells) via tail vein for two sessions with an interval of 2 weeks.The blood glucose level,body mass and serum insulin level were detected during the treatment process.The rats were executed to observe the structure changes of each organ at 4 weeks after the second cell transplantation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the model control group,the body mass and the serum insulin level significantly increased and the blood glucose levels significantly decreased in all the transplantation groups (P ＜ 0.05),and the therapeutic effect was best in the 28-day induction group.(2) Compared with the model control group and normal control group,the frozen sections in all the transplantation groups showed that the morphological structures of the liver and kidney were clear with no abnormal changes,such as necrosis and fibrosis,after transplantation.These experimental results show that it is relatively safe and effective to transplant the different induced stages of islet-like cells induced by hUC-MSCs in the treatment of diabetes mellitus,and the therapeutic effect of islet-like cells at 28 days of in vitro induction is most obvious.

Progress on the minimally invasive surgical treatment for the acute Achilles tendon rupture / 中国骨伤

Acute Achilles tendon rupture is a common sports injury, is currently the best treatment for acute Achilles tendon rupture there are more controversial programs in the clinical, their treatment is divided into conservative treatment and surgical treatment. Conservative treatment for a long time, and then the higher Achilles tendon rupture rate, postoperative recovery slow. There are a number of complications traditional open surgery, and minimally invasive surgery in recent years developed a new technology that minimizes the exposure of the wound, reduce surgical trauma scope, shorten the operation time and reduce wound infection rate increasing importance in clinical practice, worthy of recommendation.

Allergic response to qingkailing injection in BN rats / 药学学报

This study is to observe allergic response to Qingkailing injection in BN rats and to establish a suitable animal model to evaluate allergic response induced by traditional Chinese medicine. BN rats were sensitized by Qingkailing injection, and guinea pigs were similarly sensitized as the control. The symptoms of allergic response were observed, the levels of histamine in serum and tissues were determined by ELISA assay and pathological changes in lung and trachea were observed with HE staining under light microscope. The total incidence of allergic response in BN rats was 52.78%, which was higher than that in guinea pig groups (16.67%). The total degree of allergic response in BN rats was higher than that in guinea pigs. Compared with control groups, the level of histamine in serum, lung and trachea tissues of BN rats and guinea pigs increased significantly. The release rate of histamine in BN rats was higher than that in guinea pigs. The rate and degree of pathological changes in lung and trachea tissues of BN rats were higher than that in guinea pigs. Compared with guinea pig, BN rat is probably a suitable animal model in evaluating allergic response to injection of traditional Chinese medicine.

Antivirus effects of extract from gardenia / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of the extract from gardenia on influenza viral pneumonia in mice and virus-induced cytopathic effect.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The mice were infected by influenza virus in nasal, the lung inflammation, mortality rate and life elongation rate were observed respectively. The anti-viral activity of the extract from gardenia was accessed by cytopathic effect (CPE) in vitro and 0% toxicity concentration (TC0), 50% toxicity concentration (TC50), 50% inhibitor concentration (IC50), therapeutic index (TI) were determined by Reed-Muench method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The pneumonia induced by influenza virus in mice was inhibited significantly by the extract from gardenia, as the mortality rate decreased and the life elongation rate increased remarkably. Meanwhile the NO content in serum decreased significantly; The cytopathic effect induced by six kinds of viruses was inhibited remarkably.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The six kinds of viruses were inhibited significantly by the extract from gardenia which inhibitory effect on mice influenza viral pneumonia was related to the NO content decreased.</p>