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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Sushen Jiubao decoction in the treatment of acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma and its effect on Th1/Th2 factors.Methods Ninety-eight patients with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma treated in Sishengbianji Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from February 2022 to May 2023 were selected and divided into treatment group and control group according to random number table method,with 49 cases in each group.The control group was given conventional treatment such as oxygen inhalation and atomization,and the treatment group was additionally treated with Sushen Jiubao decoctionon based on the treatment of control group.The clinical efficacy,TCM syndrome score,pulmonary function indicators[forced expiratory volume in first second(FEV1),peak expiratory flow(PEF)],and laboratory indicators[interleukin(IL)-4,IL-13,interferon-γ(IFN-γ),immunoglobulin E(IgE)].Results The total effective rate of treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group(χ2=9.287,P=0.010).After treatment,the TCM syndrome scores,serum IL-4,IL-13 and IgE levels of two groups were significantly lower than before treatment,and FEV1,PEF and IFN-γ were significantly higher than before treatment(P<0.05).The TCM syndrome score,serum IL-4,IL-13 and IgE levels in treatment group were significantly lower than those in control group,and FEV1,PEF and IFN-γ were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Sushen Jiubao decoction can significantly improve clinical efficacy,reduce the level of inflammatory factors,and improve pulmonary function in the treatment of acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma.
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@#Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Guishao Liujunzi Decoction combined with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)mouthrinse in the treatment of helicobacter pylori(Hp)associated gastritis,and its effect on the Hp conversion rate.Methods Eighty patients with Hp-related gastritis were selected and randomly divided into the control group(standard quadruple therapy)and the treatment group(standard quadruple therapy combined with Guishao Liujunzi Decoction and TCM mouthrinse),with 40 patients in each group.The clinical efficacy,TCM syndrome scores,and Hp conversion rate of the two groups were observed.Results The total effective rate of the treatment group(95%)was higher than that of the control group(72.5%)(P<0.05).The Hp conversion rate in the treatment group(90%)was higher than that in the control group(72.5%)(P<0.05).After treatment,the main symptom scores and total scores of the two groups decreased compared to before treatment,and the treatment group was lower than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of modified Guishao Liujunzi decoction and TCM mouthrinse in the treatment of Hp-related gastritis can significantly improve clinical efficacy and Hp negative conversion rate compared to conventional treatment.
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AIM: To understand the current status and differences in visual acuity of children of the same age from different regions of Xi'an, and to take an effective basis for the prevention of children's myopia.METHODS: Random stratified sampling was used to select the uncorrected distance visual acuity and computed dioptric data of 41 285 children aged 6-12 from 6 towns, 10 urban and rural areas and 112 country schools screened by Xi'an Central Hospital in December 2022.RESULTS: The myopia detection rate in different regions of Xi'an is 47.16% in towns, 38.59% in urban and rural areas, and 32.29% in the country, and the total myopia rate is 37.50%. The myopia rate of 6-12 years old in towns is higher than that in urban and rural areas, and that of urban and rural areas is higher than that of country; the myopia rate of girls is higher than that of boys; myopia rate increases with age; mild myopia: the myopia rate in towns is significantly higher than that of the urban and rural areas and the country; high myopia: the myopia rate in the country is significantly higher than that of the towns and the urban and rural areas. The total rate of deficient hyperopia reserves in different regions of Xi'an is 92.08% in towns, 93.67% in urban and rural areas, and 90.92% in the country, and the total rate of deficient hyperopia reserves is 92.09%. The rate of deficient hyperopia reserves at the age of 6-12 is higher in the urban and rural areas than in the towns, and higher in the towns than in the country; the total rate of deficient hyperopia reserve is higher in girls than in boys; it is the peak period of the development of hyperopia reserve rate before the age of 8.CONCLUSION: The total myopia rate and the total vision reserve deficiency rate of 6-12 years old in different regions of Xi'an are different, and 8-9 years old is the accelerated period of myopia development, and the peak of deficient hyperopia reserve is before the age of 8 years old. With the growth of age, the myopia rate shows a certain growth trend, and the rate of deficient hyperopia reserve shows a decreasing trend after reaching the peak. The total myopia rate and insufficient acuity reserve rate of girls are higher than those of boys.
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Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease involving multiple organ systems in the body.In recent years,its global incidence rate has increased year by year.In China,the blood glucose control of patients with diabetes mellitus who receive oral hypogly-cemic agents or insulin treatment remains poor.In the early disease stages,exercise is important to control blood glucose levels.Recently,many studies have found that the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was related to declining levels of irisin,an exercise-related muscle factor.Furthermore,studies have found that irisin improved insulin resistance,promoted the production of pancreatic isletβcells,and affected the body's glucose and lipid metabolism.In addition,its levels were also implicated in the occurrence of various complications,such as diabetic nephropathy and diabetes-related cardiovascular diseases.This article summarizes and analyzes the role of irisin in the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus and further describes its impact and mechanism on various diabetic complications.
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Treatment of malodor in the sewer system is a priority in many municipalities for human health concerns, sewer pipe corrosion prevention. In this study, the removal effects of iron-carbon (Fe-C) particles on the inhibition of sulfide in the liquid phase, as well as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (MeSH) in the headspace were investigated using laboratory-scale reactors simulating gravity-flow sewer system. The results indicated that the sulfide in the liquid phase can be reduced from 15.1 to 16.5 mg S/L to 0.05 and 0.14 mg S/L after 70 g/L and 50 g/L Fe-C particles dosing. The flux of H2S and MeSH in the headspace was also inhibited, and its flux decreased by up to 99%. Meanwhile, the microbial community structures of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) in the sediment surface and water were also analyzed, and the results revealed that the relative abundance of SRB in the water and sediment surface was inhibited greatly after adding Fe-C particles, especially for Sulfurospirillum, Clostridium, and Desulfovibrio, while Fe-C particles promoted the growth of SOB. Moreover, the surface deposition was collected and analyzed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the results indicated that sulfide can be removed by co-precipitation with ferrous ions formed through micro-electrolysis of Fe-C. This study provides a new approach to control the in-situ odor pollution for sewage systems.
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Sulfuro de Hidrógeno , Hierro , Humanos , Odorantes/prevención & control , Carbono , Aguas del Alcantarillado/química , Sulfuros , Azufre , Bacterias , AguaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential mechanism of complex rose-bergamot essential oil against anxiety accompanied with facial spots through network pharmacology. METHODS: The components of rose and bergamot essential oils were determined by GC-MS and obtained from literature, and their action targets were predicted by PubChem, SwissADME and SwissTargetPrediction databases. Using "Anxiety disorder" and "Facial pigmentation" as keywords, the relevant targets of anxiety disorder and facial spots were mined in the databases of DrugBank, TTD, GeneCards, and OMIM. The intersection targets of complex rose-bergamot essential oil and anxiety accompanied with facial spots diseases were obtained by making Venn diagram, respectively. Protein-protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of intersection targets were carried out through STRING platform, Metascape, and KEGG Mapper databases. The "complex essential oil- component- target- pathway" network was constructed by Cytoscape software. The key active compounds and core targets were docked by AutoDock software. RESULTS: A total of 34 active components of complex rose-bergamot essential oil and 405 corresponding targets were obtained. The intersection targets of complex essential oil with anxiety disorder and facial spot were 88 and 34, respectively, and the related KEGG pathways were 137 and 123 items, respectively. Neroli acetate, Neroli alcohol, and Linalool in complex rose-bergamot essential oil could play a therapeutic role in anxiety disorder by regulating key targets such as SLC6A4, GRIN2B and DRD2 to participate in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and serotonergic synapse and other pathways, they also could play a role in the treatment of facial spots by regulating key targets such as EGFR, VEGFA, and PIK3CA in the PI3K-AKT, JAK-STAT and other signal pathways. The molecular docking between the key compounds and the core targets showed that the binding energy was less than 0 kcal /mol, indicating that the compound and the target could bind stably. CONCLUSION: Complex rose-bergamot essential oil can play a role in the treatment of anxiety disorder with facial spots through the synergistic mechanism of multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway.
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Aceites Volátiles , Humanos , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/uso terapéutico , Farmacología en Red , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Ansiedad , Proteínas de Transporte de Serotonina en la Membrana PlasmáticaRESUMEN
Globally, one-third of the terrestrial carbon (C) is stored in tropical soils. The warming predicted for this century is expected to increase microbial decomposition in soil and escalate climate change potential by releasing more carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. Understanding the response of soils to warming is a key challenge in predicting future climate change trajectories. Here we examined the combined effect of soil temperature (Ts) and soil water content (VWC) on soil heterotrophic respiration (Rsh) and its temperature sensitivity across different altitudes (2400, 1900, and 1450 m ASL) in the Ailaoshan subtropical forest ecosystem, Southwest China. Along the elevation gradient, soil C stocks in the top 10 cm soil layer increased significantly from 10.7 g/ kg at 1480 m ASL to 283.1 g/ kg at 2480 m ASL. Soil cores from various elevations were translocated to the same, and lower elevations and Rsh from those cores were measured every month from February 2010 to January 2014. Temperature sensitivity (Q10) of Rsh for the period was highest at the highest (H) elevation (Q10 = 5.3), decreased significantly towards the middle (M, Q10 = 3.1) and low (L, Q10 = 1.2) elevation. Q10 at M and L elevation did not differ between the place of origin and translocated cores. For the cores within each elevation, Q10 did not vary across the years. Our models suggest that Rsh increased significantly in response to an increase in Ts at each elevation under an intermediate VWC. Hence, the rate of emission was higher in lower elevations due to a higher Ts range. Our findings highlight that the predicted warming over the 21st century will have the greatest impact of Ts on Rsh, especially on the soils at the highest elevations, and will lead towards positive feedback to the climate system.
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Ecosistema , Suelo , China , Bosques , Respiración , Microbiología del Suelo , TemperaturaRESUMEN
Objective: To analyze the prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic related risk factors in farmers aged ≥18 years in China, to explore the influence of population economic factors on them. Methods: A total of 3 367 farmers, including fishermen or hunters, aged ≥18 years were selected as study subjects from the database of Nutritional Status and Health Transition of Chinese Residents Project in 2015. Basic information (age, gender), data on anthropometric (body height, weight and waist size), blood biochemical and socioeconomic (occupation, income, education level and living area) were included. According to the definition of the metabolic syndrome released by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2005, five cardio-metabolic risk factors appeared as central obesity, increased triglycerides, decreased HDL-C, increased blood pressure and increased plasma glucose. Co-prevalence of risk factors was defined as detecting 2 or more risk factors in a person at the same time. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic factors and metabolic risk factors. Results: In 3 367 framers of 15 provinces (autonomous region and municipality), the prevalence rates of central obesity, increased blood pressure, increased plasma glucose, increased triglycerides and decreased HDL-C were 51.8%, 59.0%, 17.0%, 25.5% and 38.7% respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risks for central obesity (OR=3.69, 95%CI: 3.17-4.28) and decreased HDL-C (OR=3.28, 95%CI: 2.81- 3.82) were higher in women than in men, and the risks for increased blood pressure (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.63-0.84), increased blood glucose (OR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.67-0.97) were lower in women than in men. Age was positively correlated with the prevalence or co-prevalence of metabolic risk factors (trend P<0.05). Framers in western China had obviously lower risk for central obesity compared with farmers in central China. No significant correlation was found between farmers' income level, education level or the prevalence of metabolic risk factors. Conclusion: In 15 provinces of China, the prevalence of at least 1 kind of cardio-metabolic risk factor was found in 85.5% of the farmers, and the co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factor was found in 60% of farmers. The prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors were significantly associated with age and gender. It is suggested to take targeted nutritional intervention and health education according to the distribution characteristics of prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic factors and strengthen the early prevention and control programs of the diseases.
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Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Índice de Masa Corporal , China/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Agricultores , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Obesidad/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Objective In view of the controversy over radiotherapy target volume for patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer ( SCLC), a prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the impact of different radiotherapy target volumes on prognosis. Methods After 2 cycles of EP chemotherapy,patients without progressive disease were randomly assigned to receive thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) to either the post-or pre-chemotherapy primary tumour extent as study arm or control. Involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) to the entire metastatic lymph node regions was applied for both arms. TRT consisted of 45 Gy/30Fx/19 d administered concurrently with cycle 3 chemotherapy. Prophylactic cranial irradiation was administered to patients achieved complete or partial remission. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Results Between June 2002 and December 2017,159 and 150 patients were randomly assigned to study arm and control respectively. The 1-,2-,and 5-year local/regional control rates were 79. 4%,61. 5% and 60. 1% respectively in the study arm versus 79. 8%,66. 5%,and 57. 3% in the control arm (P=0. 73). The median OS time was 22. 1 months in the study arm (95%CI,18. 2-26. 0 months) and 26. 9 months (95%CI,23. 5-30. 3 months) in the control arm,the 1-,3-,5-,and 7-year OS rates were 81. 1%,31. 6%, 23. 9% and 22. 2% respectively in the study arm versus 85. 3%,36. 6%,26. 1% and 20. 0% in the control arm (P=0. 51).Grade 2-3 acute esophagitis was developed in 32. 9% and 43. 2% of patients respectively in study arm and control arm (P=0. 01),while grade 2-3 pulmonary fibrosis was observed in 2. 0% and 10. 9% of patients ( P= 0. 01 ) respectively. Conclusions For patients with limited-stage SCLC who received induction chemotherapy,thoracic radiotherapy can be limited to post-chemotherapy tumour extent and IFRT can be routinely applied.
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Objective To analyze the prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic related risk factors in farmers aged ≥18 years in China,to explore the influence of population economic factors on them.Methods A total of 3 367 farmers,including fishermen or hunters,aged ≥ 18 years were selected as study subjects from the database of Nutritional Status and Health Transition of Chinese Residents Project in 2015.Basic information (age,gender),data on anthropometric (body height,weight and waist size),blood biochemical and socioeconomic (occupation,income,education level and living area) were included.According to the definition of the metabolic syndrome released by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2005,five cardio-metabolic risk factors appeared as central obesity,increased triglycerides,decreased HDL-C,increased blood pressure and increased plasma glucose.Co-prevalence of risk factors was defined as detecting 2 or more risk factors in a person at the same time.Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic factors and metabolic risk factors.Results In 3 367 framers of 15 provinces (autonomous region and municipality),the prevalence rates of central obesity,increased blood pressure,increased plasma glucose,increased triglycerides and decreased HDL-C were 51.8%,59.0%,17.0%,25.5% and 38.7% respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risks for central obesity (OR=3.69,95%CI:3.17-4.28) and decreased HDL-C (OR=3.28,95%CI:2.81-3.82) were higher in women than in men,and the risks for increased blood pressure (OR=0.73,95% CI:0.63-0.84),increased blood glucose (OR=0.80,95% CI:0.67-0.97) were lower in women than in men.Age was positively correlated with the prevalence or co-prevalence of metabolic risk factors (trend P<0.05).Framers in western China had obviously lower risk for central obesity compared with farmers in central China.No significant correlation was found between farmers' income level,education level or the prevalence of metabolic risk factors.Conclusion In 15 provinces of China,the prevalence of at least 1 kind of cardio-metabolic risk factor was found in 85.5% of the farmers,and the co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factor was found in 60% of farmers.The prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors were significantly associated with age and gender.It is suggested to take targeted nutritional intervention and health education according to the distribution characteristics of prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic factors and strengthen the early prevention and control programs of the diseases.
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Very old natural forests comprising the species of Fagaceae (Lithocarpus xylocarpus, Castanopsis wattii, Lithocarpus hancei) have been prevailing since years in the Ailaoshan Mountain Nature Reserve (AMNR) SW China. Within these forest trees, density is quite variable. We studied the forest structure, stand dynamics and carbon density at two different sites to know the main factors which drives carbon sequestration process in old forests by considering the following questions: How much is the carbon density in these forest trees of different DBH (diameter at breast height)? How much carbon potential possessed by dominant species of these forests? How vegetation carbon is distributed in these forests? Which species shows high carbon sequestration? What are the physiochemical properties of soil in these forests? Five-year (2005-2010) tree growth data from permanently established plots in the AMNR was analysed for species composition, density, stem diameter (DBH), height and carbon (C) density both in aboveground and belowground vegetation biomass. Our study indicated that among two comparative sites, overall 54 species of 16 different families were present. The stem density, height, C density and soil properties varied significantly with time among the sites showing uneven distribution across the forests. Among the dominant species, L. xylocarpus represents 30% of the total carbon on site 1 while C. wattii represents 50% of the total carbon on site 2. The average C density ranged from 176.35 to 243.97 t C ha-1. The study emphasized that there is generous degree to expand the carbon stocking in this AMNR through scientific management gearing towards conservation of old trees and planting of potentially high carbon sequestering species on good site quality areas.
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Secuestro de Carbono , Bosques , Biomasa , Carbono/análisis , China , Fagaceae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tallos de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Suelo/químicaRESUMEN
Objective Study on 60 cases of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients in the Apa imatinib mesylateadverse reactions after treatment , and to develop nursing methods for these adverse reactions. Methods Non-small cell lung cancer patients who were treated in our hospital from September 2015 to September 2016 were treated with Apa imatinib mesylate and observed the adverse reactions during the course of treatment. Results Adverse reactions occurred in 45 patients, and the incidence of adverse reactions was 75.00%.29 cases of patients with skin rash, 24 cases occurred in patients with hypertension, 30 cases of patients with diarrhea, nausea and vomiting occurred in 21 patients, 5 cases occurred in patients with proteinuria, 7 cases of patients with oral mucositis.Conclusion Non-small cell lung cancer patients had adverse reactions after treatment with Apa imatinib mesylate and nursing intervention can improve the quality of life of patients.
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Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of using pegylated recombinant human granulocyte-colonystimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) in preventing neutropenia in multiple chemotherapy cycles. Methods: A multicenter, prospective, open-label, singlearmstudy was designed. Patients with malignant tumors, such as lung, ovarian, and colorectal cancers, who received multiple cycles of chemotherapy with the prophylactic use of PEG-rhG-CSF for 2-4 consecutive cycles participated in the study. Results: After the prophylactic use of PEG-rhG-CSF, the incidence of grade IV neutropenia decreased from 4.76% (13/273) in the first cycle to 1.83% (5/273), 1.15% (2/174), and 2.08% (2/96) in subsequent cycles. Meanwhile, the incidence of grade III neutropenia decreased from 11.36% (31/ 273) in the first cycle to 6.23% (17/273), 2.87% (5/174), and 3.13% (3/96) in subsequent cycles. The incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) during the first cycle was 0.73% (2/273). The duration of FN was 2 days in one case and 5 days in another case. FN was not observed during the second, third, or fourth cycle. After the secondary prophylactic use of PEG-rhG-CSF, the incidence of grade IV neutropenia decreased from 25% (7/28) to 3.57% (1/28), 0% (0/28), and 6.67% (1/15) in subsequent cycles. Meanwhile, the incidence of grade III neutropenia decreased from 71.43% (20/28) to 10.71% (3/28), 14.29% (4/28), and 0% (0/15) in subsequent cycles. The proportion of patients who received antibiotic therapy during the entire chemotherapy period was 10.48% (44/420). Conclusion: The application of PEG-rhG-CSF once per chemotherapy cycle can effectively reduce the occurrence of neutropenia in patients under multiple cycles of chemotherapy treatment with good safety.
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Aim To investigate the protective effect of Glucogon like pep tide-1 (GLP-1 )on H9C2 cardio-myocytes against AGEs-induced apoptosis and the po-tential molecular mechanisms.Methods H9 C2 car-diomyocytes cells cultured in vitro were divided into the following groups:normal control group ,1 0 0 mg · L-1 AGEs group,100 mg·L-1 AGEs+10 nmol·L-1 GLP-1 group,100 mg·L-1 AGEs+5 mmol·L-1 N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC)group.Cell viabillity rate was meas-ured by CCK-8 assay,ROS production was measured by DCFH-DA fluorescent probe;Cells in different groups were stained with Annexin V-FITC/PI and then apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry;Nucleus morphology was observed under fluorescence micro-scope after being incubated with Honchest 33258;Bax, Bcl-2 mRNA gene expression was measured using RT-PCR;Western blot was applied to assess the apoptotic components expression including Bax and Bcl-2.Re-sult Compared with control group,cell viability rate in AGEs group was decreased in a dose-dependent manner;cell apoptosis and ROS production in H9 C2 cells were remarkably increased in AGEs group.How-ever,compared with AGEs group,GLP-1 reduced ROS production and ameliorated cell apoptosis caused by AGEs;the expression of pro-apototic proteins Bax was decreased,the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2 was increased. Conclusion GLP-1 protects H9 C2 cardiomyocytes against AGEs-induced apoptosis, which may be related to the reduction of the active oxy-gen (ROS).
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of crizotinib for advanced ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-eight patients with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC were given orally crizotinib 250 mg b. i.d., and were followed up to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 28 patients, the objective response rate (ORR) was 71.4% (20/28) and disease control rate (DCR) was 92.9% (26/28). Three patients achieved complete response. Seventeen patients had partial response. The most common drug-related adverse events were mild flickering vision and gastrointestinal reaction. Eleven patients experienced flickering vision. Nine patients had nausea and vomiting. Eight patients had diarrhea. They were all reversible and of grade I or II. Only one patient had grade III myelosuppression. Among the 28 patients, 16 cases were disease-free and 12 cases had progressive disease, with a progression-free survival of 8.2 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Crizotinib is effective and tolerable in the treatment of advanced ALK-positive NSLCC. However, its long-term treatment efficacy requires to be further studied.</p>
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Humanos , Antineoplásicos , Usos Terapéuticos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Quimioterapia , Patología , Diarrea , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Quimioterapia , Patología , Náusea , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas , Usos Terapéuticos , Pirazoles , Usos Terapéuticos , Piridinas , Usos Terapéuticos , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas Receptoras , VómitosRESUMEN
Targeted agents for small cell lung cancer (SCLC)include inhibitors of angiogenesis,tyro-sine kinase inhibitors and signal transduction pathway inhibitors.Bevacizumab,a class of antiangiogenic agent, tends to have no effects on patients.The tyrosine kinase inhibitor,for example sunitinib,may be used as a monotherapy.Signaling inhibitors including Amuvatinib and LDE225 are undergoing phaseⅠand Ⅱ trials.Pri-mary data show that SCLC is not sensitive to targeted therapy,needing more selection,so further studies are requested.
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Extension of the rotation length in forest management has been highlighted in Article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol to help the countries in their commitments for reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. CO2FIX Model Ver.3.2 was used to examine the dynamics of carbon stocks (C stocks) in a rubber plantation in South Western China with the changing rotation lengths. To estimate the efficiency of increasing the rotation length as an Article 3.4 activity, study predicted that the rubber production and C stocks of the ecosystem increased with the increasing rotation (25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 years). While comparing the pace of growth both in economical (rubber production) and ecological (C stocks) terms in each rotation, 40 years rotation length showed maximum production and C stocks. After elongation of 40 year rotation to four consecutive cycles, it was concluded that the total C stocks of the ecosystem were 186.65 Mg ha(-1). The longer rotation lengths showed comparatively increased C stocks in below ground C stock after consecutive four rotations. The pace of C input (Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1)) and rubber production indicated that 40 years rotation is best suited for rubber plantation. The study has developed carbon mitigation based on four rotation scenarios. The possible stimulated increase in C stocks of the entire ecosystem after consecutive long rotations indicated that the emphasis must be paid on deciding the rotation of rubber plantation in SW China for reporting under article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol.
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Agricultura , Secuestro de Carbono , Hevea/crecimiento & desarrollo , Agricultura/economía , Biomasa , Carbono/metabolismo , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , China , Simulación por Computador , Ecosistema , Renta , Análisis de Regresión , Suelo/químicaRESUMEN
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The preclinical experiments and several clinical studies showed icotinib, an oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in Chinese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who failed previous chemotherapy. We performed a retrospective study of the efficacy and safety of icotinib monotherapy in a different and more recent sample of Chinese patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 149 patients with advanced NSCLC who were admitted to Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from August 1, 2011 to July 31, 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were given icotinib treatment after the failure of previous chemotherapy. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted based on the Kaplan Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The objective response rate was 33/149 and disease control rate was 105/149. No complete response occurred. Median progression free survival (PFS) with icotinib treatment was 5.03 months (95% CI: 3.51 to 6.55). Median overall survival was 12.3 months (95% CI: 10.68 to 13.92). Multivariate analysis showed that the mutation of EGFR and one regimen of prior chemotherapy were significantly associated with longer PFS. At least one drug related adverse event was observed in 65.8% (98/149) of patients, but mostly grade 1 or 2 and reversible and none grade 4 toxicity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Icotinib monotherapy is an effective and well tolerated regimen for Chinese patients with NSCLC after the failure of chemotherapy. It is a promising agent and further study with icotinib in properly conducted trials with larger patient samples and other ethnic groups is warranted.</p>
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Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antineoplásicos , Usos Terapéuticos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Quimioterapia , Éteres Corona , Usos Terapéuticos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Quimioterapia , Análisis Multivariante , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Quinazolinas , Usos Terapéuticos , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Background and purpose:Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays an important role in metabolism of folate and DNA methylation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and chemotherapy side effects in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods:A total of 100 patients with advanced NSCLC conifrmed by pathology were included into this study in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from Jun. 2007 to May. 2009. All patients received the combined chemotherapy of platinum drug and gemcitabine. MTHFR genotypes were determined by allele-specific-PCR technology. Results:In the 100 cases, genotype frequency of MTHFR C677T T/T, T/C and C/C were 20%, 44%and 36%, respectively. Compared with patients of T/T and T/C genotype, patients of C/C genotype were correlated with decreased rate of thrombocytopenia to chemotherapy (P=0.039). No signiifcant differences were observed concerning gastrointestinal toxicity. Conclusion:MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism can be used to predict the adverse reactions to platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Anemia is commonly observed in lung cancer patients,and it is mainly caused by chemotherapy.Anemia can cause several debilitating symptoms such as fatigue and tachycardia which will not only influence the patients' quality of life and therapy effect,but also short the survival time.So anemia has been regarded as a poor independent prognostic indicator of the disease.Transfusion the erythrocytes and using the erythropoiesis stimulating agents is the main treatments of the disease.Using the erythropoiesis stimulating agents is the main treatment before the hemoglobin decreasing significantly in order to reduce the times of transfusion.Keeping the hemoglobin between 10.0-12.0 g/dl can improve the patients' quality of life and avoid the adverse events such as thrombus formation at the same time.