Loss of DIAPH3, a Formin Family Protein, Leads to Cytokinetic Failure Only under High Temperature Conditions in Mouse FM3A Cells.

Cell division is essential for the maintenance of life and involves chromosome segregation and subsequent cytokinesis. The processes are tightly regulated at both the spatial and temporal level by various genes, and failures in this regulation are associated with oncogenesis. Here, we investigated the gene responsible for defects in cell division by using murine temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant strains, tsFT101 and tsFT50 cells. The ts mutants normally grow in a low temperature environment (32 °C) but fail to divide in a high temperature environment (39 °C). Exome sequencing and over-expression analyses identified Diaph3, a member of the formin family, as the cause of the temperature sensitivity observed in tsFT101 and tsFT50 cells. Interestingly, Diaph3 knockout cells showed abnormality in cytokinesis at 39 °C, and the phenotype was rescued by re-expression of Diaph3 WT, but not Diaph1 and Diaph2, other members of the formin family. Furthermore, Diaph3 knockout cells cultured at 39 °C showed a significant increase in the level of acetylated α-tubulin, an index of stabilized microtubules, and the level was reduced by Diaph3 expression. These results suggest that Diaph3 is required for cytokinesis only under high temperature conditions. Therefore, our study provides a new insight into the mechanisms by which regulatory factors of cell division function in a temperature-dependent manner.

Clinical Subtypes in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder According to Their Child Behavior Checklist Profile.

This study sought to identify subgroups of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) defined by specific patterns of emotional and behavioral symptoms according to the parent-rated Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Our clinical sample comprised 314 children (aged 4 to 15 years) diagnosed with ADHD according to the DSM-5. In addition, comorbid psychiatric disorders, general functioning, and medication status were assessed. Cluster analysis was performed on the CBCL syndrome subscales and yielded a solution with four distinct subgroups. The "High internalizing/externalizing" group displayed an overlap between internalizing and externalizing problems in the CBCL profile. In addition, the "High internalizing/externalizing" group revealed a high rate of comorbid autism spectrum disorder and elevated autistic traits. The "Inattention and internalizing" group revealed a high rate of the predominantly inattentive presentation according to ADHD specifier from the DSM-5. The "Aggression and externalizing" group revealed a high rate of comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. The "Less psychopathology" group scored low on all syndrome scales. Children with ADHD were subdivided into four distinct subgroups characterized by psychopathological patterns, with and without internalizing and externalizing problems. The overlap between internalizing and externalizing problems may be mediated with emotional dysregulation and associated neurobiological bases.

Multicystic peritoneal tumor in two layer hens.

In chicken, peritoneal cystic lesions have not been clearly categorized. In this study, diffuse peritoneal multiple cysts were observed in two layer hens. The cysts in the serosa were lined with single layers of squamous or cuboidal cells. The papillary proliferations of columnar cells were also observed in one case. The smooth muscle layer or mass were observed around the cysts in both cases. The cystic lining cells were positive for pan-cytokeratin, vimentin, S100 and Wilms tumor 1. Ultrastructurally, they had sparsely microvilli on the luminal surface. The histological results indicated the present cases were multicystic mesothelioma, but also had characteristics of Mullerian epithelium. This is the first report describing the detailed pathological feature of unique multicystic tumor in chicken.

Use of the Stafford Interview for assessing perinatal bonding disorders.

Perinatal bonding disorders have been advocated by Brockington and he developed the semistructured Stafford Interview which contains a specific section to assess these disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a fully described clinical case by using the interview. A 29-year-old primiparous mother gave birth to a healthy girl, but visited our clinic because of depression at one month postnatally and received pharmacotherapy. Despite improvement of her depression, at around 7 months postnatally, she felt distressed by childcare. The Stafford Interview was conducted and it manifested evidences of anger and rejection to her infant: she screamed at her infant because of anger towards her infant, and had desire to escape from the baby care and then temporally transferred the care to her mother (grandmother of the baby). The evidence of maternal feelings by using the Stafford Interview is practically useful for treating mothers with bonding disorders.

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells prevent fibrosis in murine steatohepatitis by suppressing IL-17-mediated inflammation.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The pathological features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have not been determined, so fundamental treatment has not been established. Adipose-tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (ADSCs) are beneficial for repair/regenerative therapy of impaired organs because of their immuno-modulatory capability. In this study, we assessed how liver damage progresses during the early development phase of the murine NASH model and investigated whether ADSCs are preventatively efficacious against the fibrosis progression of NASH. METHODS: C57BL/6J mice were fed with atherogenic high fat or high-fat diet 60 developing into NASH or simple steatosis. Their hepatic inflammatory cells (HICs) were analyzed by cDNA microarray. NASH mice were treated with ADSCs injected into spleen when hepatic inflammation was initially observed, and liver samples were analyzed. The effect of ADSCs on the mice hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line stimulated by recombinant IL-17 and HICs from NASH mice was analyzed. RESULTS: The gene expression features of HICs implicated as humoral cytokine mediators of lymphoid cells during NASH development, compared with a simple steatosis model. One of the featured cytokines was IL-17. The development of hepatic fibrosis was alleviated when NASH mice were treated with ADSCs as well as treated with anti-IL-17 antibody, and the frequency of IL-17-secreting HICs decreased. NASH-HICs enhanced proliferation of HSCs, in which proliferation was sensitive to IL-17 stimulation. The stimulatory effect of NASH-HICs on the activation of HSCs was attenuated by co-culture with ADSCs. CONCLUSION: ADSCs treatment prevented progression of NASH fibrosis by suppressing IL-17-mediated inflammation, which was associated with HSCs activation.

Distinct chemotherapy-associated anti-cancer immunity by myeloid cells inhibition in murine pancreatic cancer models.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy associated with an extremely poor prognosis. Chemotherapy, such as gemcitabine (GEM), is the only treatment for PDAC patients who are not suitable for radical surgical treatment; however, its anti-tumor efficacy is limited. In this study, we investigated the host immune system response in murine PDAC models undergoing GEM treatment. We found that PDAC tumor tissues were infiltrated with a substantial number of Gr-1+ myeloid cells and had relatively small numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ cells. In addition, there were increased numbers of myeloid cells expressing CD11b+ and Gr-1+ in peripheral blood. When mice with PDAC tumors in the intraperitoneal cavity or liver were treated with GEM, numbers of myeloid cells in tumor tissues and in peripheral blood decreased. In contrast, numbers of CD4+ or CD8+ cells increased. In peripheral blood, the numbers of CD8+ cells expressing interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were higher in GEM-treated mice than in untreated mice. In addition, GEM treatment in combination with myeloid cell depletion further prolonged the survival of PDAC mice. The gene expression profile of peripheral blood in myeloid cell-depleted PDAC mice treated with GEM showed biological processes related to anti-cancer immunity, such as natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, type I IFN signaling, and co-stimulatory signaling for T cell activation. Thus, in PDAC murine models, GEM treatment was associated with an immune response consistent with an anti-cancer effect, and depletion of myeloid-lineage cells played an important role in enhancing anti-cancer immunity associated with GEM treatment.

Biological characteristics of gene expression features in pancreatic cancer cells induced by proton and X-ray irradiation.

BACKGROUND: Radiation therapy is an important alternative treatment for advanced cancer. The aim of the current study was to disclose distinct alterations of the biological characteristics of gene expression features in pancreatic cancer cells, MIAPaCa-2, following proton and X-ray irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using cDNA microarray, we examined the gene expression alterations of MIAPaCa-2 cells following proton or X-ray irradiation. We also isolated the surviving MIAPaCa-2 cells after irradiation and analyzed their gene expression profiles. RESULTS: Although the cytocidal effects of both types of irradiation were similar at sufficient doses in vitro and in vivo, the affected gene expression profile alterations of MIAPaCa-2 cells irradiated with protons were distinct from those irradiated with X-ray. Interestingly, clustering analysis of gene expression of the surviving MIAPaCa-2 cells was also completely discernible between the two types of irradiation. However, a similar cytocidal effect was still observed in the proton- and X-ray-irradiated surviving cells after re-irradiation, commonly showing biological effects related to apoptosis and cell cycle processes. CONCLUSIONS: Proton irradiation treatment for pancreatic cancer provides the distinct biological effect of steady gene expression alterations compared to X-ray irradiation; however, surviving cells from both types of irradiation were still susceptible to the cytocidal effects induced by proton re-irradiation treatment.

Foetal abuse.

Pregnancy and motherhood are often presented as natural and unproblematic for women. The fact that there are some women who engage in violent behaviour towards their unborn child suggests that motherhood is not as unproblematic as we are led to believe. This paper presents six previously unpublished cases of foetal abuse that is physical assaults on the foetus by the mothers themselves, and examines how the prevailing myth of the good mother might be further endangering mothers and their unborn children. So far, the research suggests there are some common, possibly co-occurring, features that might be an antecedent to foetal abuse: unplanned pregnancies, prior mental health issues in the mother, trauma, pregnancy denial up to 20 weeks or until birth, and ideation of harm correlated to in utero movements.

A rightward saccade to an unexpected stimulus as a marker for lateralised visuospatial attention.

The human brain is lateralised to the right for visuospatial attention, particularly when reorienting attention to unexpected stimuli. However, the developmental characteristics of lateralisation remain unclear. To address this question, we devised a saccade task applicable for both adults and children. To assess the utility of this system, we investigated the correlation between line bisection test performance and the saccade task for 54 healthy adult volunteers. Participants followed a visual target that jumped 10 times, alternating between two fixed positions across the midline with a constant pace. In both the rightward and leftward directions, saccadic reaction time (RT) to the target jump decreased and reached a plateau from the first to the tenth jumps. Furthermore, we obtained the time required for reorienting in the contralateral hemisphere using the corrected value of the first RT. We found that longer corrected RTs in the rightward saccade were associated with greater deviation to the left in the line bisection task. This correlation was not observed for leftward saccades. Thus, corrected RTs in rightward saccades reflected the strength of individual hemispheric lateralisation. In conclusion, the rightward saccade task provides a suitable marker for lateralised visuospatial attention, and for investigating the development of lateralisation.

Prevalence trends of pre- and postnatal depression in Japanese women: A population-based longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to describe the prevalence trends of pre- and postnatal depression, via measures of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) total and factor scores, from 20 weeks' gestation to 3 months postpartum, stratified by parity, in a Japanese female population. METHODS: A longitudinal, population-based study was conducted among perinatal women giving birth at maternity facilities in Setagaya area of Tokyo, Japan. Of the 1775 women who participated, 1311 women met the inclusion criteria of this analysis. All data, including EPDS, were collected via self-administrated questionnaires at 20 weeks' gestation and at 5 time points postpartum, from the first few days to 3 months postpartum. We divided EPDS items into three factors: "anxiety," "anhedonia," and "depression," according to factor analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of individuals exhibiting depressive symptoms, EPDS total score, and each factor score peaked at two weeks postpartum in primiparas (EPDS total = 5.58, anhedonia = 0.47, anxiety = 2.64, and depression = 1.23). In contrast, the EPDS total score and factor scores for "anxiety" and "depression" gradually decreased for multiparas, from the prenatal to postpartum period (EPDS total 3.33, 3.03, 3.03, 2.72, 2.76, and 2.37). LIMITATIONS: Each factor score was not weighted; instead, we simply added up the item scores ranging from 0 to 3 for each question. Additionally, the population representativeness of Japanese women was not high, although the sample was population-based and had a high follow-up rate. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the trends of EPDS total and factor scores differ by parity throughout the pre- and postnatal periods among a Japanese female population.

Clinical features of cystatin A expression in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal malignancy known, with an extremely poor prognosis due to the lack of an efficient diagnostic scheme and no radical treatment option, except surgery. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology of, and finding a novel biomarker to detect, PDAC should be prioritized. We observed an increase in mRNA expression of the cysteine protease inhibitor cystatin A (CSTA) in CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood cells of nine patients with PDAC, compared with the expression in seven healthy volunteers. Moreover, we confirmed significantly higher CSTA mRNA expression in a larger cohort of 41 patients with PDAC compared with that in 20 healthy volunteers. Correspondingly, the serum CSTA concentrations in 36 patients with PDAC were higher than those in 37 healthy volunteers, and this increase was correlated with PDAC clinical stage. Furthermore, the expression of CSTA and cathepsin B, which is a lysosomal cysteine protease inhibited by CSTA, was observed in tumor tissues and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in 20 surgically resected PDAC tissues by immunohistochemical staining. Expression of CSTA was detected in some tumor tissues and many tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Cathepsin B expression was also observed in most tumor tissues and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In conclusion, CSTA and its substrate cathepsin B are involved in PDAC-related inflammation. The increment of CSTA expression in peripheral blood of patients with PDAC may have a potential role as a PDAC immunopathologic biomarker.

The CD45+ fraction in murine adipose tissue derived stromal cells harbors immune-inhibitory inflammatory cells.

Stromal cells in adipose tissue are useful for repair/regenerative therapy as they harbor a substantial number of mesenchymal stem cells; therefore, freshly isolated autologous uncultured adipose tissue derived stromal cells (u-ADSCs) are useful for regenerative therapy, and obviate the need for mesenchymal stem cells. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of murine u-ADSCs and sorted subsets of u-ADSCs in a concanavalin A (ConA) induced murine model of hepatitis, as well as their characteristics. We found that 10-20% of u-ADSCs expressed the CD45 leukocyte-related antigen. CD68, which is a marker of macrophages (MΦs), was expressed by 50% of CD45+ u-ADSCs. About 90% of CD68+ CD45+ cells expressed CD206 antigen, which is a marker of inhibitory M2-type MΦs. Genes related to M2-type MUs were especially more highly expressed by CD45+ CD206+ u-ADSCs than by CD45- u-ADSCs. CD45+ u-ADSCs inhibited the expression of cytokines/chemokines and suppressed the proliferation of splenocytes stimulated with ConA. We observed that not only whole u-ADSCs, but also the CD45+ subset of u-ADSCs ameliorated the ConA-induced hepatitis in mice. In conclusion, we show that freshly isolated murine u-ADSCs were effective against acute hepatitis, and CD45+ u-ADSCs acting phenotypically and functionally like M2-type MΦs, contributed to the repair of liver tissue undergoing inflammation.

Pheochromocytoma Multisystem Crisis Behaving Like Interstitial Pneumonia: An Autopsy Case.

Pheochromocytoma multisystem crisis is a rare and life-threatening disease that is associated with numerous symptoms and which is also difficult to diagnose. We herein report an autopsy case of a 61-year-old man who died due to pheochromocytoma multisystem crisis. The patient complained of vomiting and breathlessness. Computed tomography showed a shadow-like region with a similar appearance to interstitial pneumonia. The patient was diagnosed with takotsubo cardiomyopathy induced by severe lung disease based on the results of echocardiography and coronary angiography. The patient was treated for interstitial pneumonia. However, his condition rapidly deteriorated and he died 6 hours after arrival. We were later informed of his extremely high catecholamine serum levels. We found pheochromocytoma with hemorrhage at autopsy. The patient's lungs showed acute passive congestion with edema and extravasation.

SPONTANEOUS LIPOPROTEIN GLOMERULOPATHY-LIKE NEPHROPATHY IN A SQUIRREL (SCIURUS VULGARIS).

Lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG) is a rare human glomerular disease caused by abnormal lipid metabolism. Naturally occurring LPG has not been reported in animals. We describe the histopathological characterization of spontaneous LPG-like nephropathy in a captive squirrel ( Sciurus vulgaris ). Macroscopically, swollen glomeruli were distinctively identified as fine white granules in the renal cortex. Histologically, most glomeruli were markedly enlarged with distended capillaries containing faintly eosinophilic and amorphous materials. The amorphous material was negative using the periodic acid-Schiff reaction, periodic acid-methenamine silver stain, or Masson's trichrome stain. Sudan III staining revealed lipid in the materials, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the material additionally contained apolipoprotein E. Electron microscopy showed numerous lipid granules and vacuoles of various sizes in the capillary lumina associated with foot process effacement of podocytes. These pathological characteristics bear some resemblance to those of human LPG.

Relationship between liver tissue stiffness and histopathological findings analyzed by shear wave elastography and compression testing in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate two methods of determining liver stiffness in rats with various degrees of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet by comparing each finding with reference to histopathological liver findings. METHODS: Twenty male Wister rats were fed an MCD diet for up to 32 weeks, and four were fed a normal diet. Ultrasound-based shear wave elastography (SWE) and mechanical compression testing using an Instron Universal Testing machine were performed on each rat at designated time points. After each examination, liver histopathology was analyzed to evaluate the degrees of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis based on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score, and each finding was compared with reference to liver histopathologic findings. RESULTS: Median liver stiffness values measured using SWE showed a stepwise increase with increasing histological inflammation score (P = 0.002), hepatic fibrosis stage (P = 0.029), ballooning score (P = 0.012), and steatosis grade (P = 0.030). Median liver stiffness measured using an Instron machine showed a stepwise increase only with increasing histological fibrosis stage (P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Degree of liver stiffness measured by SWE and the Instron machine differed. SWE reflected mainly inflammation, whereas Instron machine-derived values primarily reflected fibrosis. This is the main source of discrepancies between measurements made with these two modalities.

Antenatal Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression at 20 Weeks Gestation in a Japanese Sample: Psychosocial Perspectives from a Cohort Study in Tokyo.

BACKGROUND: Prevalence of postnatal depression (PND) is high (Western countries, 10-15%; Japan, 17%). PND can cause parenting impairment and affect family health (e.g. child behaviors, cognitive development and physical health). This study aimed to reveal the risk factors of PND during the pregnancy period in a Japanese sample, and to identify the psychosocial risk factors of PND that should be appended to existing obstetric interview sheets. A cohort study with a Japanese sample was conducted. METHODS: All 14 obstetrics hospitals in the Setagaya ward, Tokyo, Japan, participated in this study. Pregnant women who booked their delivery between December 2012 and May 2013 were enrolled. Data used for this study were collected at 20 weeks gestation, a few days and one month postnatal. The questionnaires consisted of psychosocial factors and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). To identify PND risk factors, multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 1,775 women participated in this study. Eventually, the data of 1,133 women were used for the multivariate analyses. The demonstrated significant risk factors include EPDS score, primipara, "a perceived lack of family cohesion", "current physical illness treatment" and "current psychiatric illness treatment". CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of mental health screening using psychological measures during the pregnancy period. In addition, family environment, parity, physical and psychiatric illness should be paid attention by professionals in maternal and child health. The results also suggest that mothers' feelings of developing their families should be supported.

Longitudinal study of very low birth weight infants until 9years of age; attention deficit hyperactivity and autistic features are correlated with their cognitive functions.

BACKGROUND: Increasing attention has been given to neuro-developmental problems of very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) at school age. However, it remains unknown whether their neuro-cognitive function and psychiatric symptoms are mutually associated. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of neuro-cognitive functions in VLBWIs and their relationship with psychiatric symptoms. METHODS: A total of 160 VLBWIs who were born at our institute between 2001 and 2005 were recruited consecutively and followed up until nine years of age. The developmental profiles were obtained from 77 children (45 males and 32 females) at six to nine years of age using the ADHD Rating Scale-Fourth edition (ADHD-RS), Autism Screening Questionnaire-Japanese version (ASQ-J) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third edition (WISC-III). RESULTS: The full-scale intelligence quotient did not significantly differ between the male and female VLBWIs (median: 91 vs. 99, p=0.17). The males had higher total scores (median: 13 vs. 4, p<0.01) and higher scores on the subscales of Inattention (8 vs. 2, p<0.01) and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity (5 vs. 1, p<0.01) of the ADHD-RS compared with the females. The Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) of the WISC-III was inversely correlated with the total scores of the ASQ-J for all VLBWIs (n=77, rc: -0.32, 95% CI: -0.19 to -0.01, p=0.04). We also observed that the Freedom from Distractibility Index (FDI) of the WISC-III was significantly correlated with the Inattentive scores of the ADHD-RS (n=45, rc: -0.18, 95% CI: -0.35 to -0.02, p=0.03) in male, but not female VLBWIs. CONCLUSIONS: We herein report that the VCI and FDI of the WISC-III were correlated with the autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, respectively, in male VLBWIs.

[Education and training system in child and adolescent psychiatry with view to carry-over towards adulthood psychiatry].

AIM: The aim of our study was to develop and establish a training system in child and adolescent psychiatry in Japan, especially in light of the continuity and integration with general psychiatry. METHODS: The Japanese authors surveyed the situation of training in child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP training) through the literature and conducted collaborative and consensus meetings with the authors in the UK, with its long history of training system development. A comparison was made between Japan and CAP training in the UK and other countries. RESULTS: A recent survey of psychiatric education in Japan clarified the current situation and called attention to parts of the education and training system where development is required. A systematic curriculum has not been established. For the elimination of disparities of competencies and skills among multidisciplinary staff, the CAP training curriculum needs to be comprehensive and fundamental, as shown in the Competency-based Curriculum for Specialists developed by the Royal College of Psychiatrists. CONCLUSIONS: CAP training and general psychiatry must be integrated into a comprehensive curriculum in the postgraduate education and training system, with an adequate time and place for training and supervision.

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma occurring in an atopic dermatitis patient: a case report with review of the literature with emphasis on their association.

Although the risk of malignant lymphoma in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) remains controversial, an increased risk of malignant T-cell lymphoma in patients with AD has been reported. Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (C-ALCL) is a relatively common distinct clinicopathological entity. However, occurrence of C-ALCL in patients with AD has been rarely reported. Herein, we describe the 5(th) reported case of C-ALCL occurring in a patient with AD and review the clinicopathological features. A 30-year-old Japanese male with a long-standing history of AD presented with a gradually enlarged nodular lesion in the right abdominal wall, which had spontaneously regressed without therapy. Two years later, multiple nodular lesions appeared in his trunk, and swelling of multiple lymph nodes was also detected. Histopathological studies demonstrated diffuse proliferation of large-sized lymphocytes with large convoluted nuclei containing conspicuous nucleoli and relatively rich cytoplasm in the skin and lymph node. Immunohistochemically, these lymphocytes were positive for CD30, CD8, and MUM1, and negative for CD3, CD4, and ALK1. Accordingly, a diagnosis of primary C-ALCL was made. The patient died of disease after various courses of chemotherapy. Our clinicopathological review revealed that the prognosis of C-ALCL occurring in patients with AD is poor because two of 5 patients died of disease. Therefore, albeit extremely rare, AD patients with C-ALCL should be monitored closely, and additional clinicopathological studies are needed to clarify the pathogenesis of C-ALCL occurring in patients with AD.

Occurrence of Epstein-Barr virus-associated plasmacytic lymphoproliferative disorder after antithymocyte globulin therapy for aplastic anemia: a case report with review of the literature.

It is well established that patients with immunosuppression have a higher risk of development of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with development of LPDs. Aplastic anemia (AA) is an immune-mediated hematological disorder, and immunosuppression therapy (IST), such as antithymocyte globulin (ATG), is widely used for treatment of AA. However, occurrence of LPD without bone marrow transplantation has been extremely rarely documented in patients with IST for AA. Herein, we report the 6th documented case of EBV-associated LPD after IST for AA and review the clinicopathological features of this extremely rare complication. A 46-year-old Japanese female was admitted for evaluation of progressive pancytopenia. Bone marrow biopsy revealed fatty marrow with marked decrease of trilineage cells, and bone marrow aspiration demonstrated no dysplastic changes. IST with rabbit ATG was administered, after which, she developed high fever. Bone marrow aspiration showed increase of atypical plasma cells with mildly enlarged nuclei and irregular nuclear contour. These atypical plasma cells were EBER-positive. Accordingly, a diagnosis of EBV-positive plasmacytic LPD was made. Most cases of LPDs are B-cell origin, and plasmacytic LPD is a rare subtype. The current report is the second case of plasmacytic LPD in patients with IST for AA. Therefore, detailed histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses are needed for correct diagnosis and treatment, and additional studies are needed to clarify the clinicopathological features of EBV-LPD after IST for AA.