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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the optimal chest compression depth for infants and children with that of adults when the simulated compression depth was delivered according to the current guidelines. METHODS: A total of 467 consecutive chest computed tomography scans (93 infants, 110 children, and 264 adults) were reviewed. The anteroposterior diameter and compressible diameter (CD) for infants and children were measured at the inter-nipple level and at the mid-lower half of the spine for adults. Compression ratio (CR) to CD was calculated at simulated 1/4, 1/3, and 1/2 antero-posterior compressions in infants and children, and simulated 5- and 6-cm compressions in adults. RESULTS: In adults, the CRs to CD at simulated 5- and 6-cm compression depth were 41.7±0.16%, 50.0±7.3% respectively. In children and infants, the CRs to CD at 1/3 chest compression were 55.1±2.4% and 51.8±2.4%, respectively, and at 1/2 chest compression, CRs were 82.7±3.7% and 77.7±3.6%, respectively. The CRs to CD of 4-cm compression depth in infants and 5-cm compression depth in children were 74.4±10.9%, 62.5±8.7%, respectively. The CRs to CD for children and infants were significantly higher than in adults (P<0.001). The CR to CD of 4-cm compression depth in children was almost similar to that of 6-cm compression depth in adults (50.0± 6.9% vs. 50.0±7.3%, P=0.985). CONCLUSION: Current pediatric guidelines for compression depth are too deep compared to those in adults. We suggest using 1/3 of the anteroposterior chest diameter or about 4 cm in children and less than 4 cm in infants.
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Adulto , Niño , Humanos , Lactante , Pediatría , Columna Vertebral , TóraxRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of master cast fabricated by using different impression methods at the different impression levels. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The master model used in this study was resin block having four implant analogs. Impression method studied were 1) direct method on fixture level (Group FIX-D), 2) Indirect method on fixture level(Group FIX-I), 3) Modified indirect method on fixture level(Group FIX-M), 4) Direct method on abutment level(Group AB-D) and 5) Indirect method on abutment level(Group AB-I). Each of the five groups took 10 impressions. Fifty impressions were made for master cast by using Impregum F. impression material loaded on individual tray. Three dimensional measuring microscope was used to measure the inter-implant distance. Error rate of each inter-implant distance were calculated and evaluated. RESULTS: The results were as follows. 1. Group FIX exhibited higher accuracy than group AB. 2. In group FIX, modified indirect method showed the highest accuracy, while indirect method showed the lowest accuracy. In group Ab, indirect method showed the higher accuracy than direct method. 3. Group FIX showed larger horizontal error than group AB. But, group AB showed the larger vertical error than group FIX. 4. Group Fix-M showed smallest vertical and horizontal error.
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Prótesis e ImplantesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of master cast fabricated by using different impression methods at the different impression levels. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The master model used in this study was resin block having four implant analogs. Impression method studied were 1) direct method on fixture level (Group FIX-D), 2) Indirect method on fixture level(Group FIX-I), 3) Modified indirect method on fixture level(Group FIX-M), 4) Direct method on abutment level(Group AB-D) and 5) Indirect method on abutment level(Group AB-I). Each of the five groups took 10 impressions. Fifty impressions were made for master cast by using Impregum F. impression material loaded on individual tray. Three dimensional measuring microscope was used to measure the inter-implant distance. Error rate of each inter-implant distance were calculated and evaluated. RESULTS: The results were as follows. 1. Group FIX exhibited higher accuracy than group AB. 2. In group FIX, modified indirect method showed the highest accuracy, while indirect method showed the lowest accuracy. In group Ab, indirect method showed the higher accuracy than direct method. 3. Group FIX showed larger horizontal error than group AB. But, group AB showed the larger vertical error than group FIX. 4. Group Fix-M showed smallest vertical and horizontal error.
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Prótesis e ImplantesRESUMEN
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Major objective in making on implant-supported prosthesis is the production of superstructure that exhibits a passive fit when connected to multiple abutments. One requirement to ensure passive fit is to make an accurate impression. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of master cast fabricated by using different impression methods at the different impression levels. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The master model used in this study was resin block having four implant analogs. Impression method studied were 1) direct method on fixture level (Group FIX-D), 2) indirect method on fixture level(Group FIX-I), 3) modified indirect method on fixture level(Group FIXM) 4) direct method on abutment level(Group AB-D) and 5) indirect method on abutment level(Group AB-I). Each of the five groups took 10 impressions. Fifty impressions were made for master cast by using Impregum F. impression material loaded on individual tray. Three dimensional measuring microscope was used to measure the inter-implant distance. Error rate of each inter-implant distance were calculated and evaluated. RESULTS: The results were as follows. 1. Group FIX exhibited higher accuracy than group AB. 2. In group FIX, modified indirect method showed the highest accuracy, while indirect method showed the lowest accuracy. In group Ab, indirect method showed the higher accuracy than direct method. 3. Group FIX showed larger horizontal error than group AB. But, group AB showed the larger vertical error than group FIX. 4. Group Fix-M showed smallest vertical and horizontal error. CONCLUSION: An impression method have more effect on accuracy of master model than an impression level. A modified indirect method showed smallest vertical and horizontal error.
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Prótesis e ImplantesRESUMEN
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The effects of various core buildup materials which differs in the mechanical properties on the fracture strength of metal-free crowns is unknown. PURPOSE: This study was carried out to evaluate the fracture strengths of Artglass ceromer crowns supported by 3 different core materials in clinically simulated anterior tooth preparation. Material and methods. Ten crowns from each group were constructed to comparable dimensions on the various dies made by gold alloy, Ni-Cr alloy, and composite resin. The ten crowns were then cemented onto the dies and loaded until catastrophic failure took place. Fracture resistance to forces applied to the incisal edges of the anterior crowns supported by three types of dies was tested. RESULTS: The ceromer crowns on the composite resin dies fractured at significantly lower values(287.7 N) than the ceromer crowns on the metal dies(approximately 518.4 N). No significant difference was found between the fracture values of the ceromer crowns on the dies of gold alloy and Ni-Cr alloy. CONCLUSION: The failure loads of the ceromer crowns on the metal dies were almost the same and not affected by the differences of casting alloys. However, the fracture values of the ceromer crowns on the resin dies were significantly reduced by the relative weak properties of composite resin core material.
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Aleaciones , Coronas , Cementos de Resina , Preparación del DienteRESUMEN
Previous studies have shown that the cancer cell lines secrete multiple cytokines, such as macrophage colony-stimulating factor(M-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF), interleukin-l(IL-1), interleukin-2(IL-2), interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha). We evaluated the levels of IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in the ascites of 23 patients with ovarian cancer. These levels were then compared with cytokine concentration found in 10 patients who had benign ascites and also studied the relation between levels of cytokines and clinical parameters. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to determine the levels of cytokines in ascitic fluids. The median age of the group was 56, and the median follow-up time was 24 months. The levels of IL-2 was not elevated in ascites of ovarian cancer(30.5 vs 37.2 pg/ml, p=0.083), 1 he levels of TNF-alpha in the ascites with ovarian cancer were higher when compared with ascites of benign disease and was nearly approached statistically significant(91.0+/-20.7 vs 440.2+/-117.9pg/ml, p=0.058). Significantly higher IL-6 levels were detected in patients ascites compared with ascites with benign disease(354.3+/-42.9 vs 5,605+/-1,137pg/ml, p=0.006). IL-6 and TNF-a levels in ascites did not correlate statistically with tumor volume, histologic type or with survival time. IL-6 levels did not correlated statistically with volume of ascites. IL-6 and TNF-a levels did not correlated either. Circulating platelet counts in patients with ovarian cancer were significantly higher than in patients with benign conditions (282.6+/-5 vs 388.4+/-21.2x-10(9)/l, p=0.003). Thrombocytosis(platelet counts>400x10(9)/l) occured in 35%(8/23) of the cases with ovarian cancer. IL-6 levels in ascites correlated signi-ficantly with circulating platelet counts(R=0.427, p=0.042). This study showed that the patients with ovarian cancer have elevated levels of IL-6 in ascites. IL-6 levels were not correlate with disease status in patients with ovarian cancer. However, the correlation was found between IL-6 levels and thrombocytosis. This observation suggest a role for IL-6 in the development of tumor-associated thrombocytosis. A larger study would help in evaluating the potential biological roles and use of cytokines as tumor markers in ovarian cancer.
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Humanos , Ascitis , Líquido Ascítico , Plaquetas , Línea Celular , Citocinas , Estudios de Seguimiento , Interleucina-2 , Interleucina-6 , Macrófagos , Necrosis , Neoplasias Ováricas , Recuento de Plaquetas , Trombocitosis , Carga Tumoral , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfaRESUMEN
Three patients(1%) with recurrent molar pregnancy were managed arnong 317 registered molar pregnancies at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanyang University Hospital between 197S and 1991. Reeurrent molar pregnancy seemed to be oaiated with a worsening histology and an increased incidence of proliferative trophoblastic sequelae in the successive episodes of hydatidiform mole. The treatment of recurrent mole is discussed and the literature regardmg recurrent rnolar pregnancy is reviewed.