Reward reduces the fission illusion in the sound-induced flash illusion.

Pairing a single visual stimulus with multiple auditory stimuli will lead to the illusory perception of multiple visual stimuli, which is known as sound-induced flash illusion (SIFI). The present study adopted the classic SIFI paradigm to investigate whether value-associated tasks could affect the SIFI. By adjusting the sequence of reward and nonreward conditions, we also examined the effect of reward history on SIFI. The results showed that the fission illusion was reduced when associated with momentary reward, demonstrating significantly higher accuracy and discriminability than the nonreward condition. However, the fusion illusion was not affected by the momentary reward, and the explanation was that the fusion illusion was not as stable as the fission illusion and disappeared across different trials and conditions. Moreover, the robustness of reward history in the present study was not as strong as previous studies have suggested, indicating that the effect of sound on the perceptual representation of visual stimuli is strong and robust to reward history. These findings demonstrated that the reward could reduce the SIFI and broaden the existing dichotomy of SIFI. New evidence for the operation of value-driven attention mechanisms is also provided, suggesting that the underlying value-driven attention operates across multiple sensory systems.

Relationship between plasma cyclin-dependent kinase 5 levels and local immunoglobulin levels in patients with nasal polyps.

Nasal polyps are the most common benign nasal tumors that can lead to nasal obstruction and other annoying problems for the patient. Several hypotheses have been proposed as the basic mechanism of nasal polyps. In order to investigate one of the possible causes that can be a disorder in the regulation of systemic immune responses, the present study was designed to investigate the relationship between plasma cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) levels and local immunoglobulin levels in patients with nasal polyps. A cross-section study was used to evaluate concentrations of local immunoglobulin levels (IgE, IgM, IgA, and IgG) on blood and polyp specimens from 60 patients with nasal polyps, and 60 control groups. Western Blot Analysis was done for CDK5 in plasma cells. IgA, IgG and IgE concentrations were significantly higher in polyp tissue specimens, but not in blood, of nasal polyp patients compared to the control group. Furthermore, plasma CDK5 levels were significantly higher in nasal polyp tissue compared with control. The difference in IgA, IgE and IgG expression between nasal polyp tissue and blood, supported by increased numbers of plasma cells, suggests a local production of these local immunoglobulins in nasal polyps in response to chronic antigens. Among local immunoglobulins, only there was a significant correlation between CDK5 with IgG (positive correlation) and IgE (negative correlation). The exact explanation for the relationship between plasma CDK5 and local immunoglobulins in nasal polyps needs further studies.

Effect of triptolide and chemotherapy on carcinoembryonic and carbohydrate antigens levels and first-line treatment of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

To investigate the first-line treatment of recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma treprimcab combined with chemotherapy. From January 2019 to January 2020, 48 patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (RNPC) were treated in our hospital. According to the method of the random number, 24 patients were divided into the combined group and the Control Group. The patients in the combined group were given the Combined Treatment of triptolide and chemotherapy. While the Control Group only received chemotherapy. The therapeutic effects and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared, the levels of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were measured before and after treatment. The total effective rate of the combined group was 79.17% higher than that of the control group (62.50%). The total effective rate of the two groups was statistically significant (P & Lt; 0.05). The incidence of grade i/ii adverse reaction in the control group was lower than that in the combined group, such as nausea and vomiting, oral mucositis, Leukopenia, liver and kidney function damage, central granulocyte count reduction, anaemia adverse reaction. The incidence of grade iii/iv Adr in the control group was higher than that in the combined group. The incidence of grade i/ii Adr in the thrombocytopenia group was higher than that in the combined group, and the incidence of grade iii/iv Adr in the control group was lower than that in the combined group. The side effects of nausea and vomiting and oral mucositis in the control group and the combined group were statistically significant (P & Lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference between the control group and the combined group in the incidence of Leukopenia, liver and kidney injury, neutrophil, anaemia and Thrombocytopenia (P & GT; 0.05). The level of CD4 + / CD8 + in control group and combined group before treatment was higher than that after treatment (P & Lt; 0.05). The quality of life of the combined group was 91.67% higher than that of the control group (70.83%). The quality of life of the control group was significantly higher than that of the combined group (P & Lt; 0.05). The levels of CEA and CA19-9 in the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and the levels of CEA and CA19-9 in the combined group were lower than those in the control group (P & Lt; 0.05). The first-line treatment of recurrent nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with triprimmab combined with chemotherapy has a good clinical effect and has a broad clinical research prospect.