Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulates Signaling Pathways to Treat Vitiligo：A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Vitiligo， a skin pigmentation disorder caused by the loss of melanocytes in the basal layer of the skin， is manifested as creamy white or ivory white pigmented islands on the head， face， hair， areola， genitals， mucous membranes and traumatic areas with distinct borders， seriously affecting the patient’s social， physical， and mental health. The disease has attracted wide attention in the medical circle as a difficult aesthetic dermatosis with an increasing prevalence year by year. There are still blind spots in the hypotheses that autoimmunity， melanocyte autophagy， oxidative stress， autocytotoxicity， neurohumors， and genetic and environmental factors are associated with the pathogenesis of this disease. The commonly used Western medical therapies， including glucocorticoids， small-molecule antagonists， calcium-regulated neurophosphatase inhibitors， biologics， vitamin D derivatives， phototherapy， and surgery are flawed with side effects and prone to recurrence. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） can treat vitiligo via a wide range of pathways and targets， with definite effects and low adverse reactions. Studies have demonstrated that TCM can promote autophagy of melanocytes and protect them from oxidative stress. However， there are few systematic summaries of the signaling pathways in the TCM treatment of vitiligo. Therefore， this paper introduces the main signaling pathways involved in the TCM treatment of vitiligo by reviewing the relevant articles published at home and abroad in recent years. Specifically， the signaling pathways include the molecular hydrogen-activated nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， tyrosine kinase receptor （c-Kit）， nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）， Janus tyrosine protein kinase （JAK）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）， and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK） signaling pathways.

Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution and Excretion Study of Fluoresceinlabeled PS916 in Rats.

BACKGROUND: PS916, chitosan derivative with shown activities in atherosclerotic and fatty liver, is being investigated as an anti-atherosclerotic agent in clinical trials in China. METHODS: Fluorescein-labeled PS916 (PS916-FTC) was prepared by the reaction with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The pharmacokinetics and bio-disposition of PS916-FTC were studied in rats after oral or intravenous administration. RESULTS: Analysis of the plasma, urine, fecal and tissue samples collected at intervals up to 72 h revealed that PS916-FTC exhibited moderate volume of distribution (Vss, 0.650~0.748 L/kg), and low clearance (60.9~107 mL/h/kg) after intravenous administration. The pharmacokinetics of PS916-FTC was characterized by low bioavailability (8.40%) after oral administration. The average accumulation ratio for PS916-FTC exposure after steady-state administration was 1.04. A two-compartmental pharmacokinetics model was employed. The urinary route was the major pathway (54.4%), and the fecal route was a minor pathway (6.29%) for PS916-FTC elimination after intravenous administration; the fecal route was the major pathway (79.0%) for PS916-FTC elimination after oral administration. CONCLUSION: PS916-FTC was widely distributed to most tissues in rats; relatively high levels of PS916-FTC in kidney and liver were observed after intravenous or oral administration. These findings supported the understanding of pharmacokinetics and bio-disposition of PS916 in rats and provide relevant information for future design of clinical studies. HIGHLIGHTS: 1) Fluorescein-labeled PS916 was successfully synthesized. 2) A rapid and sensitive analytical method of PS916-FTC was validated. 3) The pharmacokinetic of PS916-FTC in rats was investigated. 4) The bio-distribution of PS916-FTC in rats was investigated.

Analysis of contamination of blood culture specimens from 2013 to 2015 / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To analyze the rate of blood culture contamination,pollution path,the proportion of contaminated bacteria of First People′s Hospital of Kunming city from 2013 to 2015,and provide a basis for effective prevention and control of pollution.Methods A total of 34 713 cases of blood culture samples from 2013 to 2015,were retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 2860 culture positive samples from 34 713 cases were found,from which 361 cases were polluted(1.04%).According to the classification of the year,the lowest rate of blood culture contamination was 2015 According to the classification in the quarter,there was no significant difference between the 4 seasons;According to the classification of internal and surgical systems,,the pollution rate of internal medicine system was 1.06%,while the surgical system was 0.96%.According to the classification of departments:the hemodialysis center has the highest pollution rate(2.71%),followed by ICU (2.23%).Galactophore Department has the highest pollution rate (2.30%) in the surgical system and followed by orthopedics(1.92%).According to the statistics of contaminated bacteria,Staphylococcus aureus was the highest,accounting for 32.41%,followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis,accounting for 31.30%.Conclusion Hospital has a high blood culture contamination rateand diversification pollution waywhich can not be ignored.The pollution of bacteria in the blood culture mainly for bottle of single positive coagulase negative Staphylococcus.

Determination of Phenoxyacetic Acid and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Using Solid-phase Extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography / 分析化学

A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of phenoxyacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophroxyacetic acid in environnmental waters was described.Phenoxyacetic acid and 2, 4-dichioropheroxyacetic acid in sample were enriched on Sep-Pak C18 column,and methanol was employed as elutent.The shim-pack CLC ODS (150mm×6.0mm i.d.) column was used as separation column at 40°C and eluted with methanol-water (9:1,V/V)(pH 3.0) at flow rate of 1.0mL/min,the detection wavelength was 275 nm.The recoveries of the two compounds were＞98%.The detection limit was 0.04mg/L.

Determination of molar ratio of sufate ions to carboxylate ions in 911 by conductometric titration / 中国海洋药物

The content of carboxylate ions in marine sulfate polysaccharide 911 was determined by conductometric titration. In the mean while, the sample was transformed with cation exchange resin,the molar ratio of sufate ions to carboxylate ions was determined. The results showed that conductometric titration is a simple,rapid and accurate method.