Efficient strategies for microglia replacement in spinal cord injury models / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:As the incidence of spinal cord injury increases with the years and axon regeneration after spinal cord injury was very difficult.How to promote the recovery from spinal cord injury and improve the transplantation efficiency of stem cells and other therapeutic cells after spinal cord injury has been the focus of clinical and scientific research. OBJECTIVE:To establish the efficient transplantation and replacement of mouse spinal cord microglia in the spinal cord injury model. METHODS:CX3CR1 creER-/+::LSL-BDNF-/+-tdTomato mice,CX3CR1+/GFP mice,β-actin GFP mice and C57 BL/6J wild-type mice at 8-10 weeks of age were selected.According to the requirements of the experiment,they were randomly divided into six groups.(1)Sham operation group:eight C57 BL/6J wild-type mice were used when only the lamina was removed without injury.(2)Spinal cord contusion injury group:eight C57 BL/6J wild-type mice were used.(3)Spinal cord crush injury group:eight C57 BL/6J wild-type mice were used.(4)Conjoined symbiotic spinal cord strike injury group:β-actin GFP mice with green fluorescent blood were surgically stitched together with C57 BL/6J wild-type mice,using eight β-actin GFP mice and eight C57 BL/6J wild-type mice.(5)Mr BMT-X Ray group(using PLX5622 to eliminate the spinal microglia and bone marrow transplantation with X-ray radiation):Bone marrow cells from four CX3CR1 creER-/+::LSL-BDNF-/+-tdTomato mice were extracted and transplanted into eight C57 BL/6J wild-type mice for spinal cord injury modeling.(6)Mr BMT-Busulfan group(using PLX5622 to eliminate the spinal microglia and bone marrow transplantation with Busulfan):Bone marrow cells from four CX3CR1+/GFP mice were transplanted into eight C57 BL/6J wild-type mice.The percentage of cell transplantation replacement in this group was observed,and the spinal cord injury model was not established in this group.The sham operation group,spinal cord contusion injury group and spinal cord crush injury group were sampled by perfusion on day 14 after spinal cord injury.The conjoined symbiotic spinal cord strike injury group was sampled by perfusion on day 7 after spinal cord injury.Mr BMT-X Ray group was sampled by perfusion on day 28 after spinal cord injury.Mr BMT-Busulfan group was sampled by perfusion on day 28 after transplantation.The sampling site was a 1.2 cm long spinal cord with the T10 segment as the center.In the Mr BMT-X Ray group and Mr BMT-Busulfan group,additional mouse brain tissue was retained to see if it would lead to brain transplantation and replacement.The number and proportion of transplanted and replaced cells in the damaged area were measured using transgenic mice,symbiosis and immunofluorescence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the traditional peripheral blood transplantation(9.8%)of mice in the conjoined symbiotic spinal cord strike injury group,the new transplantation methods,Mr BMT-X Ray and Mr BMT-Busulfan,could greatly improve the proportion of spinal microglia transplantation and replacement,which could reach 84.8%and 95.6%,respectively.The difference was significant(P<0.05).The results showed that Mr BMT-X Ray and Mr BMT-Busulfan could achieve efficient replacement of spinal microglia cells,and could improve the problems of low cell transplantation efficiency,few survival numbers and unclear differentiation of the traditional cell transplantation methods.In addition,Mr BMT-X Ray can only replace the microglia in the spinal cord,while Mr BMT-Busulfan could avoid brain inflammation and injury caused by X-ray radiation transplantation.

Analysis of factors influencing elevated blood pressure and overweight/obesity and their comorbidities among Tibetan middle school students in Lhasa City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and overweight/obesity and their comorbidities among Tibetan middle school students in Lhasa, and to analyze their association with lifestyle and other factors, so as to provide a basis for the intervention measures targeting elevated blood pressure, overweight and obesity among middle school students in high altitude area.@*Methods@#Using a stratified cluster random sampling method in September 2021, a total of 1 488 Tibetan junior and high students from Lhasa City were investigated with blood pressure measurement, physical examination and questionnaire survey. The influencing factors of elevated blood pressure, overweight and obesity and their comorbidities association were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression.@*Results@#The prevalence of elevated blood pressure, overweight/obesity and their comorbidities were 17.8%, 17.4% , 5.0% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age( OR =0.81), residence, body mass inex(BMI) and gender were the influencing factors of elevated blood pressure; and the risks of elevated blood pressure in female students were higher than male students ( OR =1.89), suburban students were higher than urban students ( OR =8.06), overweight and obesity groups were higher than normal groups ( OR =2.55, 2.87) ( P <0.05). Adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, residence and school, and BMI (only for elevated blood pressure), daily screen time ≥2 h was positively correlated with elevated blood pressure, overweight/obesity and its comorbidities ( OR =1.56, 1.59 , 2.51) ( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of elevated blood pressure, overweight/obesity are relatively high in Lhasa. Longer screen time is a common factor affecting with elevated blood pressure, overweight/obesity and comorbidities among Tibetan students. Measures should be taken intervene in the lifestyle of Tibetan students, in order to reduce elevated blood pressure and overweight/obesity.

Investigation and analysis of pin-point damage and damage growth characteristics in KDP and DKDP crystals.

In this paper, we report the damage and damage growth in potassium dihydrogen phosphate and its deuterated analog crystals. A time-resolved shadow imaging system was used to investigate the damage behavior in the bulk and on the rear surface. The damage images show differences in the damage sizes of the crystals with different deuterization rates. Theoretical simulations demonstrated that this may be due to differences in the crystallographic defects. The experimental results showed that the development of crystal damage was not only manifested as the expansion of damage on the rear surface of the crystal but also as an increase in pin-point density and size within the crystal. Crystals with higher deuterization rates had higher probability of the increasing of initial damage size, rather than the increasing of pin-point density.

Automated unruptured cerebral aneurysms detection in TOF MR angiography images using dual-channel SE-3D UNet: a multi-center research.

OBJECTIVES: Time of flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) is the primary non-invasive screening method for cerebral aneurysms. We aimed to develop a computer-aided aneurysm detection method to improve the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy, especially decrease the false positive rate. METHODS: This is a retrospective multicenter study. The dataset contained 1160 TOF-MRA examinations composed of unruptured aneurysms (n = 1096) and normal controls (n = 166) from six hospitals. A total of 1037 examinations acquired from 2013 to 2019 were used as training set; 123 examinations acquired from 2020 to 2021 were used as external test set. We proposed an equalized augmentation strategy based on aneurysm location and constructed a detection model based on dual channel SE-3D UNet. The model was trained with a 5-fold cross-validation in the training set, then tested on the external test set. RESULTS: The proposed method achieved 82.46% sensitivity on patient-level, 73.85% sensitivity on lesion-level, and 0.88 false positives per case in the external test set. The performance did not show significant differences in subgroups according to the aneurysm site (except ACA), aneurysm size (except smaller than 3 mm), or MRI scanners. The performance preceded the basic SE-3D UNet by increasing 15.79% patient-level sensitivity and decreasing 4.19 FPs/case. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed automated aneurysm detection method achieved acceptable sensitivity while controlling fairly low false positives per case. It might provide a useful auxiliary tool of cerebral aneurysms MRA screening. KEY POINTS: • The need for automated cerebral aneurysms detecting is growing. • The strategy of equalized augmentation based on aneurysm location and dual-channel input could improve the model performance. • The retrospective multi-center study showed that the proposed automated cerebral aneurysms detection using dual-channel SE-3D UNet could achieve acceptable sensitivity while controlling a low false positive rate.

Prediction of 1p/19q codeletion status in diffuse lower-grade glioma using multimodal MRI radiomics / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To develop a noninvasive method for prediction of 1p/19q codeletion in diffuse lower-grade glioma (DLGG) based on multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics.@*METHODS@#We collected MRI data from 104 patients with pathologically confirmed DLGG between October, 2015 and September, 2022. A total of 535 radiomics features were extracted from T2WI, T1WI, FLAIR, CE-T1WI and DWI, including 70 morphological features, 90 first order features, and 375 texture features. We constructed logistic regression (LR), logistic regression least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LRlasso), support vector machine (SVM) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) radiomics models and compared their predictive performance after 10-fold cross validation. The MRI images were reviewed by two radiologists independently for predicting the 1p/19q status. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate classification performance of the radiomics models and the radiologists.@*RESULTS@#The 4 radiomics models (LR, LRlasso, SVM and LDA) achieved similar area under the curve (AUC) in the validation dataset (0.833, 0.819, 0.824 and 0.819, respectively; P>0.1), and their predictive performance was all superior to that of resident physicians of radiology (AUC=0.645, P=0.011, 0.022, 0.016, 0.030, respectively) and similar to that of attending physicians of radiology (AUC=0.838, P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Multiparametric MRI radiomics models show good performance for noninvasive prediction of 1p/19q codeletion status in patients with in diffuse lower-grade glioma.

A qualitative study on the influencing factors of parents′ participation in emotional management of adolescents with affective disorder / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To understand the barriers and facilitators to parental involvement in emotionally disturbed adolescents′ emotion management and to provide a basis for healthcare professionals to develop interventions for parental involvement in emotionally disturbed adolescents′ emotion management.Methods:Use of purposive sampling method from July to December 2021, 16 face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with fathers or mothers of adolescents with affective disorders from the Third Hospital of Daqing City, and the data were analyzed using the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results:Refining the theme from two aspects, one was the hindering factors: parents′ own factors including lack of knowledge about the disease, little time for companionship, poor emotional control, inappropriate communication style, and poor couple relationship; the child′s own factors including pathological factors, personality; environmental factors including academic stress, interpersonal relationships; economic factors including high cost of treatment, life stress. The other was the facilitating factors: support from others including family support, professional help; positive coping including finding coping strategies, change of mindset.Conclusions:Healthcare professionals should pay attention to these influencing factors and construct a program for parental involvement in emotionally disturbed adolescents′ emotion management from various aspects, so that parents can actively participate in their children′s emotion management and promote the rehabilitation of emotionally disturbed adolescents.

Surveillance and analysis of avian influenza viruses in the external environment of poultry in Anqing City， Anhui Province / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of avian influenza viruses in the external environment of poultry in Anqing City， Anhui Province， and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of animal-derived influenza in humans. MethodsA total of 28 farmers’ markets/farms in 10 counties （cities， districts） of Anqing City， Anhui Province， were selected as surveillance sites by simple random sampling strategy. Poultry faeces and other related samples were collected for 6 consecutive weeks. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to examine the nucleic acids of influenza A virus. Subtypes H5， H7， and H9 of avian influenza virus were further tested in the positive samples. ResultsA total of 426 specimens were collected， among which 113 tested positive with a positive rate of 26.53%. Among the positive specimens， 104 were determined to be subtype H9， accounting for 92.04%. It did not significantly differ in the positive rate between the main and non-main urban areas （χ2<0.01， P>0.05） or among the specimens collected in different weeks （χ2=7.57， P>0.05）. However， it significantly differed in the positive rate among the specimens collected in the third week and other weeks （χ2=6.89， P<0.05）. Furthermore， among the different sampling sites， farms had the highest positive rate of 46.67%. Among the specimens from different sources， the surface-coated specimens from poultry cages had the highest positive rate of 34.78%. ConclusionAvian influenza viruses are prevalent in the external environment of poultry in Anqing City. It warrants strengthening the surveillance and risk assessment to reduce the virus transmission in the external environment and risk of human infection with animal-derived influenza.

Secretion of reproductive hormones and estrous cycle in rats interfered by combined exposure to beta-cypermethrin and emamectin benzoate / 环境与职业医学

Backgroud Beta-cypermethrin and emamectin benzoate are widely used for the prevention and control of pests in the greenhouse planting industry, and their combined exposure may increase the accumulation of beta-cypermethrin and emamectin benzoate in organisms and affect human health. Objective Based on the changes in reproductive hormone levels in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, to investigate the effect of combined exposure to beta-cypermethrin and emamectin benzoate on the estrous cycle of female mice. Methods Twenty-four healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into a blank control group, a beta-cypermethrin group (Beta-CYP, 53 mg·m−3), an emamectin benzoate group (EMB, 8 mg·m−3), and a beta-cypermethrin and emamectin benzoate combined exposure group (Beta-CYP+EMB, Beta-CYP 53 mg·m−3 + EMB 8 mg·m−3). Six rats in each group were exposed to the designed treatment protocol by aerosol inhalation 6 d a week for 13 weeks. The general condition of the rats was observed in real time during the treatment. From the 12th week of exposure, a 10-day reproductive tract smear was performed on the rats to observe the estrous cycle. The rats were neutralized on the second day after the end of the treatment protocol, and the ovarian tissues were stained with HE to observe histopathological changes. Serum levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol (E2) were measured by ELISA. Experimental results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (\begin{document}$ \overline{x}\pm s $\end{document}). One-way ANOVA was used for comparison among groups, and LSD test for pairwise comparison between groups. The significance level was α=0.05. Results After four weeks of the treatment protocol, the rats in the Beta-CYP group and the Beta-CYP+EMB group continued to be hyperactive and irritable, while the EMB group showed symptoms of mental disorder, decreased activity, and slow response. On the 90th day of the treatment protocol, the body weight of rats in the control group increased to (314.51±2.44) g, and that in the Beta-CYP+EMB group only increased to (253.47±1.50) g. There was no abnormal cellular morphology in the control group; however, small deeply stained nuclei appeared in the Beta-CYP group, the EMB group, and the Beta-CYP+EMB group, and abnormal morphological development of keratinized epithelial cells in the Beta-CYP+EMB group was found. The estrous cycle of rats in the control group was (97.83±4.17) h, and compared with the control group, the estrous cycles of rats in the Beta-CYP group, the EMB group, and the Beta-CYP+EMB group were prolonged to (134.33±7.53) h, (126.50±5.28) h, and (156.00±6.66) h, respectively. The results of ANOVA showed that the numbers of leukocytes (527.17±15.83), keratinized epithelial cells (35.67±4.32), and non-keratinized epithelial cells (70.50±4.51) in the vaginal smears during diestrus in the Beta-CYP+EMB group were significantly lower than those in the control group (752.50±28.89, 50.50±2.74, 101.33±7.92) (P<0.001). The hormone levels of GnRH and FSH in the control group were (5.13±0.59) and (0.76±0.09) IU·L−1 respectively, while the levels in the Beta-CYP+EMB group were increased to (16.86±0.59) and (3.80±0.19) IU·L−1 respectively (P<0.05). The levels of LH and E2 in the control group were (12.93±0.81) IU·L−1 and (22.23±1.44) pmol·L−1 respectively, and the levels in the Beta-CYP+EMB group were decreased to (5.63±0.41) IU·L−1 and (10.45±0.78) pmol·L−1 respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion The combined exposure to beta-cypermethrin and emamectin benzoate may ultimately affect the estrous cycle of female rats by interfering with the secretion of reproductive hormones involved in the HPO axis.

A MRI study of the default mode network subsystems in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients with preserved cognitive function / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the changes in gray matter volume of the subsystems as well as intra-subsystem and inter-subsystem functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients with preserved cognitive function.Methods:In this prospective study, thirty-seven RRMS patients with preserved cognitive function who were admitted to Huashan Hospital of Fudan University from April 2020 to January 2021 (RRMS group) and 43 healthy volunteers (HC group) were recruited. Patients in the RRMS group received the cognitive assessment using a clinical cognitive functioning scale. Three-dimensional T 1WI and resting-state functional MRI were performed to obtain the brain structural and functional data. The DMN was divided into three subsystems: CORE, dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), and medial temporal lobe (MTL). The gray matter volume of the three subsystems were extracted from the gray matter volume map generated by spatial normalization; 24 regions of interest (ROIs) of the DMN were defined based on Yeo′s 17 networks, and their functional connectivity values were calculated to derive the mean intra-subsystem and inter-subsystem functional connectivity values. Differences in gray matter volume and functional connectivity between the RRMS and HC groups were compared using independent sample t-tests; Spearman′s partial correlation was used to analyze the correlation between subsystems′ gray matter volume and functional connectivity, as well as between subsystems′ functional connectivity and clinical scale scores. Results:Compared to the HC group, the gray matter volume of the three subsystems of the DMN were considerably reduced in the RRMS group ( P<0.05). The functional connectivity within and between the three subsystems were not statistically significantly different between the HC and RRMS groups ( P>0.05). Based on the ROI analysis, patients with RRMS the brain regions with significantly reduced DMN intra-subsystem functional connectivity values were mainly located in the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex of the DMPFC, the right lateral temporal cortex of the DMPFC, and the left medial temporal cortex of the MTL, as compared with the HC group ( P<0.01). The gray matter volume of DMPFC was positively correlated with the functional connectivity within DMPFC in the control group ( r=0.326, P=0.040). In the RRMS group, the gray matter volume of CORE was positively correlated with the functional connectivity between CORE and DMPFC ( r=0.363, P=0.038), and the functional connectivity within CORE was positively correlated with scores on the memory and executive screening scale ( r=0.430, P=0.036). Conclusions:RRMS patients with preserved cognitive function exhibit gray matter atrophy in all three DMN subsystems. There is no correlation between the structure and function of the DMPFC subsystem. The functional connectivity within CORE subsystem may reflect memory and execution status; DMPFC and CORE may be critical encephalic regions for neurodegeneration and brain functional changes in RRMS patients with preserved cognitive function.

Correlation analysis between non suicidal self injury behavior and depressive symptoms in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the correlation between non suicidal self injury(NSSI) behaviors and depressive symptoms in adolescents and to provide a theoretical basis for improvement of adolescent physical and mental health.@*Methods@#A total of 8 102 adolescents aged 12-17 years were selected by random cluster sampling method in Shanghai, Urumqi, Changsha and Kunming, using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Adolescent Non Suicidal Self Injurious Behavior Assessment Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms and the occurrence of NSSI behaviors were assessed. The relationship between NSSI behaviors and depressive symptoms was analyzed using Chi square test, one way analysis and Logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#The overall detection rate of NSSI in adolescents, 24.6%, with a significantly lower detection rate in boys (23.1%) than in girls (26.2%) ( χ 2=10.97, P <0.05), and 24.7%, 24.6% in the middle school and high school segments, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant ( χ 2=0.01, P >0.05). The overall detection rate of adolescent depressive symptoms was 49.7 % in the group with NSSI and 17.7% in the group without NSSI, with statistically significant differences ( χ 2=808.80, P < 0.01 ). The detection rates of adolescent depressive symptoms in the group with NSSI (male:44.0%, female:54.7%, middle school:49.6%, high school:49.8%) and the group without NSSI (male:14.2%, female:21.4%, middle school:14.3%, high school: 21.0 %) were statistically significant by sex and age groups ( χ 2=385.58, 412.44, 520.60, 313.78, P ＜0.01). Logistic regression models, after adjusting for gender and age, the risk for depressive symptoms was 2.65 times (95% CI =2.27-3.09) and 7.28 times (95% CI = 6.34- 8.37) more frequently in adolescents with episodic self injurious behavior and frequent self injurious behavior, respectively, compared to those without self injurious behavior. The association between NSSI status and depressive symptoms did not show sex differences ( P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#Adolescent NSSI behavior is positively associated with depressive symptoms, the attention should be paid to adolescent physical and mental health to reduce the occurrence of NSSI.