A reversible photochromic covalent organic framework.

Covalent organic frameworks are a type of crystalline porous materials that linked through covalent bond, and they have numerous potential applications in adsorption, separation, catalysis, and more. However, there are rarely relevant reported on photochromism. Fortunately, a hydrazone-linked DBTB-DETH-COF is rapidly generated through ultrasound method. The DBTB-DETH-COF is found to exhibit reversible photochromism (at least 50 cycles) from yellow to olive in the presence of light and air, and subsequently back to the original color upon heating. In addition, the structure of DBTB-DETH-COF remains unchanged after 15 days of light illumination. Furthermore, the reason of photochromic process is discussed by electron paramagnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemistry characterizations and transient absorption measurements. The reversible photochromic DBTB-DETH-COF can be used as anti-counterfeiting ink and optical switch in the presence of air. This work expands a stable organic photochromic material and broadens the applications of COFs.

VvRF2b interacts with VvTOR and influences VvTOR-regulated sugar metabolism in grape.

The production of top-quality wines is closely related to the quality of the wine grapes. In wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L., Vv), sugar is a crucial determinant of berry quality, regulated by an interplay of various transcription factors and key kinases. Many transcription factors involved in sugar metabolism remain unexplored. Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is an important protein kinase in plants, recently found to regulate sugar metabolism in grapes. However, transcription factors or other factors involved in this process are rarely reported. Here, we utilized transgenic callus tissues from 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape fruit engineered via gene overexpression (oe) and CRISPR/Cas9-based gene knockout (ko), and discovered a bZIP transcription factor, VvRF2b, whose knockout resulted in increased accumulation of fructose and sucrose, indicating that VvRF2b is a negative regulator of sugar accumulation. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activation tests showed that VvRF2b is an activator of transcription located both in the nucleus and cell membrane. Analysis of VvRF2b and VvTOR gene levels and sugar contents (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape fruits at 30, 70, and 90 days after bloom (DAB) revealed that VvRF2b is expressed more highly during fruit development, while VvTOR is expressed more during the sugar accumulation phase, furthermore, VvTOR gene levels in koVvRF2b transgenic calli increased significantly, suggesting a strong relationship between the knockout of VvRF2b and the overexpression of VvTOR. Additionally, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and luciferase complementation assays demonstrated the interaction between VvRF2b and VvTOR proteins. After knocking out the VvRF2b gene in oeVvTOR calli, it was found that the knockout of VvRF2b promotes VvTOR-regulated sucrose accumulation and enhances the expression of sugar metabolism-related genes regulated by VvTOR. In summary, our results suggest that VvRF2b interacts with VvTOR protein and influences VvTOR-regulated sugar metabolism.

Targeting oncogenic MAGEA6 sensitizes triple negative breast cancer to doxorubicin through its autophagy and ferroptosis by stabling AMPKα1.

Melanoma-associated antigen A6 (MAGEA6) is well known to have oncogenic activity, but the underlying mechanisms by which it regulates tumor progression and chemo-resistance, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), have been unknown. In the study, the differential expression genes (DEGs) in TNBC tumor tissues and TNBC-resistant tumor tissues were analyzed based on TCGA and GEO datasets. MAGEA6, as the most significantly expressed gene, was analyzed by RT-qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry assay in TNBC cell lines and tumor tissues. The potential mechanisms that influence chemo-resistance were also evaluated. Results displayed that MAGEA6 was highly expressed in TNBC and involved in drug resistance. MAGEA6 silencing enhanced the chemo-sensitivity of TNBC to doxorubicin (DOX) in vitro and in vivo, as determined by decreasing IC50 value, proliferation and invasion capacity, and triggering apoptosis. Mechanistically, it was shown that MAGEA6 depletion sensitized TNBC to DOX via regulating autophagy. Ubiquitination assay displayed that knockdown of MAGEA6 decreased the AMPKα1 ubiquitination, thereby elevating the levels of AMPKα1 and p-AMPKα in TNBC cells. Importantly, AMPK inhibitor (Compound C) can reduce the LC3II/I level induced by sh-MAGEA6, indicating that sh-MAGEA6 activated AMPK signaling through suppressing AMPKα1 ubiquitination and then facilitated autophagy in TNBC. Furthermore, we also observed that AMPK is required for SLC7A11 to regulate ferroptosis, and supported the crux roles of MAGEA6/AMPK/SLC7A11-mediated ferroptosis on modulating DOX sensitivity in TNBC cells. These findings indicated that targeting MAGEA6 can enhance the chemo-sensitivity in TNBC via activation of autophagy and ferroptosis; its mechanism involves AMPKα1-dependent autophagy and AMPKα1/SLC7A11-induced ferroptosis.

The ICF2 gene Zbtb24 specifically regulates the differentiation of B1 cells via promoting heme synthesis.

BACKGROUND: Loss-of-function mutations of ZBTB24 cause immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomalies syndrome 2 (ICF2). ICF2 is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with immunological defects in serum antibodies and circulating memory B cells, resulting in recurrent and sometimes fatal respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. The genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with ICF2 indicates an essential role of ZBTB24 in the terminal differentiation of B cells. METHODS: We used the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPER)/Cas9 technology to generate B cell specific Zbtb24-deficient mice and verified the deletion specificity and efficiency by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and western blotting analyses in fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-sorted cells. The development, phenotype of B cells and in vivo responses to T cell dependent or independent antigens post immunization were analyzed by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Adoptive transfer experiment in combination with in vitro cultures of FACS-purified B cells and RNA-Seq analysis were utilized to specifically determine the impact of Zbtb24 on B cell biology as well as the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS: Zbtb24 is dispensable for B cell development and maintenance in naive mice. Surprisingly, B cell specific deletion of Zbtb24 does not evidently compromise germinal center reactions and the resulting primary and secondary antibody responses induced by T cell dependent antigens (TD-Ags), but significantly inhibits T cell independent antigen-elicited antibody productions in vivo. At the cellular level, Zbtb24-deficiency specifically impedes the plasma cell differentiation of B1 cells without impairing their survival, activation and proliferation in vitro. Mechanistically, Zbtb24-ablation attenuates heme biosynthesis partially through mTORC1 in B1 cells, and addition of exogenous hemin abrogates the differentiation defects of Zbtb24-null B1 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Zbtb24 seems to regulate antibody responses against TD-Ags B cell extrinsically, but it specifically promotes the plasma cell differentiation of B1 cells via heme synthesis in mice. Our study also suggests that defected B1 functions contribute to recurrent infections in patients with ICF2.

Inhibition of hepatic oxalate overproduction ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

The incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is on the rise, and with limited pharmacological therapy available, identification of new metabolic targets is urgently needed. Oxalate is a terminal metabolite produced from glyoxylate by hepatic lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA). The liver-specific alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT) detoxifies glyoxylate, preventing oxalate accumulation. Here we show that AGXT is suppressed and LDHA is activated in livers from patients and mice with MASH, leading to oxalate overproduction. In turn, oxalate promotes steatosis in hepatocytes by inhibiting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) transcription and fatty acid ß-oxidation and induces monocyte chemotaxis via C-C motif chemokine ligand 2. In male mice with diet-induced MASH, targeting oxalate overproduction through hepatocyte-specific AGXT overexpression or pharmacological inhibition of LDHA potently lowers steatohepatitis and fibrosis by inducing PPARα-driven fatty acid ß-oxidation and suppressing monocyte chemotaxis, nuclear factor-κB and transforming growth factor-ß targets. These findings highlight hepatic oxalate overproduction as a target for the treatment of MASH.

Evaluation of the thickness of acetabular cartilage by ultrasound in developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Introduction: It has been reported that the cartilaginous roof of the acetabulum is thicker in infants with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) than in those with healthy hips. However, there is limited research on the changes in the thickness of acetabular cartilage after follow-up or treatment of DDH. This study aims to report the thickness of acetabular cartilage before and after treatment of DDH. Materials and methods: In this prospective study, infants with clinical suspicion of DDH were enrolled in the pediatric outpatient service in our hospital from January 2022 to August 2023. The thickness of acetabular cartilage was measured in the standard coronal plane. Borderline hips (Graf IIa type) were monitored with monthly ultrasound examination until they were classified as normal hips (Graf I type), while dysplastic hips (Graf IIb type or worse) were treated with the Pavlik harness until they were also classified as normal hips in the final ultrasound examination. Results: A total of 592 children [median age, 96 days (interquartile range, 70-142 days); 197 boys] were enrolled in the study. The thickness of acetabular cartilage in dysplastic hips (4.3 ± 1.6 mm) was greater than that in normal hips (3.0 ± .39 mm, P < 0.001) and borderline hips (3.1 ± .57 mm, P < 0.001). In borderline hips, the thickness of acetabular cartilage decreased from 3.1 ± .57 mm in the initial evaluation to 2.9 ± .53 mm in the final follow-up scan (P = 0.01). In dysplastic hips, the thickness of acetabular cartilage decreased from 4.3 ± 1.6 mm in the initial evaluation to 3.5 ± .51 mm after treatment (P = 0.003). The thickness of acetabular cartilage in dysplastic hips after treatment remained greater than that in normal hips (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The thickness of acetabular cartilage decreased after follow-up or treatment of DDH. Further research is required to determine whether cartilage that remain thicker in dysplastic hips than that in normal hips after treatment should be considered an early indicator of residual acetabular dysplasia.

Dynamic observation and analysis of factors influencing the progression of diabetic retinopathy.

OBJECTIVE: To actively monitor and analyze the factors that affect the advancement of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHOD: In this study, we prospectively recruited patients diagnosed with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) for concurrent monitoring. A total of 75 patients who transitioned from NPDR to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) comprised the progression group, while 112 NPDR patients who did not develop PDR formed the stable group in a prospective cohort study. Follow-up assessments occurred every six months, and patients were observed continuously over an eight-year period. Clinical parameters from both NPDR and PDR groups were collected to assess the stability of these indicators (with a coefficient of variation [CV] > 5 % indicating instability and CV < 5 % indicating stability). RESULTS: In the NPDR cohort, 80.4 % Control the stability ratio regulation of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), whereas in the PDR cohort, 80.0 % Control the proportion of instability (P = 0.001); for blood creatinine (Cr), 64.3 % of NPDR patients maintained stable levels, contrasting with 77.3 % of PDR patients with fluctuating levels (P = 0.001). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and homocysteine (HCY) control demonstrated instability in both NPDR and PDR groups. Instability in regulating HbA1c, Cr, BUN, and HCY served as independent risk factors for DR progression, with significant associations found between HbA1c CV (HR: 15.586; 95 % CI: 14.205-15.988; p = 0.001), Cr CV (HR: 9.231; 95 % CI: 9.088-10.235; p = 0.005), BUN CV (HR: 3.568; 95 % CI: 3.183-4.367; p = 0.01), and HCY CV (HR: 8.678; 95 % CI: 7.754-8.998；p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Inadequate regulation of HbA1c, Cr, BUN, and HCY independently impact the advancement of DR.

Refining the Rab7-V1G1 axis to mitigate iron deposition: Protective effects of quercetin in alcoholic liver disease.

Iron overload is a common feature of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and contributes significantly to disease progression. Quercetin, a flavonoid known for its iron-chelating properties, has emerged as a potential protective compound against ALD. However, research on quercetin's regulatory effects on iron levels in ALD is limited. To address this, we conducted a study using male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a Lieber De Carli liquid diet containing ethanol (28% energy replacement) with or without quercetin supplementation (100 mg/kg.BW) for 12 weeks. Additionally, HepG2 cells, after transfection with the CYP2E1 plasmid, were incubated with ethanol and/or quercetin. Our findings revealed that ethanol consumption led to iron overload in both hepatocytes and lysosomes. Interestingly, despite the increase in iron levels, cells exhibited impaired iron utilization, disrupting normal iron metabolism. Further analysis identified a potential mechanism involving the Rab7-V1G1 (V-ATPase subunit) axis. Inhibition of V-ATPase by Concanamycin A caused elevated ROS levels, impaired lysosomal and mitochondria function, and increased expression of HIF1α and IRP2. Ultimately, this disruption in cellular processes led to iron overload and mitochondrial iron deficiency. Quercetin supplementation mitigated ethanol-induced hepatocyte damage by reversing iron overload through modulation of the Rab7-V1G1 axis and improving the interaction between lysosomes and mitochondria. In conclusion, this study elucidates a novel pathophysiological mechanism by which quercetin protects against ALD through its regulation of iron homeostasis.

Stereotactic radiosurgery alone for brain arteriovenous malformations: a single-institute experience.

OBJECTIVE: Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) represent an ongoing clinical challenge because of their complex nature. The long-term outcomes of BAVMs patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone are unclear. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 201 patients treated for BAVMs from January 2010 to December 2019. The identified predictors of obliteration or hemorrhage in the multivariate analysis were estimated by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: A total of 201 patients treated with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) alone as the primary treatment for BAVMs were included. The mean age at GKRS treatment was 31.4 ± 1.1 years, and 61.2% of the patients were male. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that a higher radiosurgery-based AVM score (OR 1.847, 95% CI = 1.292-2.641; p = 0.001) was significantly associated with worse obliteration, and a higher margin dose significantly favored obliteration (OR 0.352, 95% CI = 0.189-0.658; p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that an increased lesion volume of 1 cm3 (OR 1.279, 95% CI = 1.023-1.600; p = 0.031) and a high margin dose (OR 0.363, 95% CI = 0.134-0.983; p = 0.046) were significant prognostic factors for post-SRS hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our study investigated the available clinical and radiological prognostic factors for BAVMs and revealed that a higher margin dose significantly improved both the obliteration rate and nonhemorrhagic outcomes. Currently, the most appropriate candidates, Spetzler-Martin grade, and optimal radiation dose are still being defined by prospective trials.

Perihematomal Neurovascular Protection: Blocking HSP90 Reduces Blood Infiltration Associated with Inflammatory Effects Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rates.

The active hemorrhage surrounding the hematoma is caused by the infiltration of blood into the cerebral parenchyma through the ruptured vessel, including the compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB). This process is thought to be mainly driven by inflammation and serves as a significant pathological characteristic that contributes to the neurological deterioration observed in individuals with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) exhibits abnormally high expression levels in various diseases and is closely associated with the onset of inflammation. Here, we found that blocking HSP90 effectively alleviates the inflammatory damage to BBB and subsequent bleeding around the hematoma. We have observed increased HSP90 levels in the serum of patients with ICH and the perihematoma region in ICH rats. Treatment with anti-HSP90 drugs (Geldanamycin and radicicol) effectively reduced HSP90 levels, resulting in enhanced neurological outcomes, decreased hematoma volume, and prevented peripheral immune cells from adhering to the BBB and infiltrating the brain parenchyma surrounding the hematoma in ICH rats. Mechanistically, anti-HSP90 therapy alleviated BBB injury caused by ICH-induced inflammation by suppressing TLR4 signaling. The study highlights the potential of anti-HSP90 therapy in mitigating BBB disruption and hemorrhage surrounding the hematoma, providing new insights into the management of ICH by targeting HSP90.

Serum IgA antibody level against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus is a potential pre-evaluation indicator of immunization effects in sows during parturition under field conditions.

BACKGROUND: Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) is a highly contagious disease caused by Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV), resulting in a mortality rate of suckling piglets as high as 100%. Vaccination is the primary strategy for controlling PEDV infection, however, there is currently a lack of reliable methods for assessing the efficacy of vaccination. This study aimed to analyze serum and colostrum samples from 75 parturient sows with a specific vaccination strategy to measure levels of IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against PEDV, and to investigate the correlation between serum and colostrum antibody levels, as well as to identify potential biomarkers that can be used to evaluate immunization effects under field conditions. RESULTS: The findings of correlation analysis between antibody levels of IgA, IgG, and nAbs in serum or colostrum samples revealed that IgG demonstrated the most robust correlation with nAbs exhibiting a correlation coefficient of 0.64 in serum samples. Conversely, IgA exhibited the highest correlation with nAbs, with a correlation coefficient of 0.47 in colostrum samples. Additionally, the correlation analysis of antibody levels between serum and colostrum samples indicated that serum IgA displayed the strongest correlation with colostrum IgA, with a coefficient of 0.63, indicating that serum IgA may serve as a viable alternative indicator for evaluating IgA levels in colostrum samples. To further evaluate the suitability of serum IgA as a substitute marker for colostrum IgA, levels of IgA antibodies in serum samples from sows were examined both pre- and post-parturition. The findings indicated that serum IgA levels were initially low prior to the initial immunization, experienced a notable rise 21 days after immunization, and maintained a significant elevation compared to pre-immunization levels from 21 days pre-parturition to 14 days postpartum, spanning a total of 35 days. CONCLUSIONS: Serum anti-PEDV IgA antibody levels may serve as a valuable predictor for immunization effects, allowing for the assessment of colostrum IgA antibody levels up to 21 days in advance. This insight could enable veterinarians to timely adjust or optimize immunization strategies prior to parturition, thereby ensuring adequate passive immunity is conferred to piglets through colostral transfer postpartum.

Enhancing Conductivity in Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with Silver Nanowire-Assisted Ti3C2Tx MXene Electrodes for Cost-Effective and Scalable Photovoltaics.

Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells have set world-record efficiencies among single-junction silicon solar cells, accelerating their commercial deployment. Despite these clear efficiency advantages, the high costs associated with low-temperature silver pastes (LTSP) for metallization have driven the search for more economical alternatives in mass production. 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes) have attracted significant attention due to their tunable optoelectronic properties and metal-like conductivity, the highest among all solution-processed 2D materials. MXenes have emerged as a cost-effective alternative for rear-side electrodes in SHJ solar cells. However, the use of MXene electrodes has so far been limited to lab-scale SHJ solar cells. The efficiency of these devices has been constrained by a fill factor (FF) of under 73%, primarily due to suboptimal charge transport at the contact layer/MXene interface. Herein, a silver nanowire (AgNW)-assisted Ti3C2Tx MXene electrode contact is introduced and explores the potential of this hybrid electrode in industry-scale solar cells. By incorporating this hybrid electrode into SHJ solar cells, 9.0 cm2 cells are achieved with an efficiency of 24.04% (FF of 81.64%) and 252 cm2 cells with an efficiency of 22.17% (FF of 76.86%), among the top-performing SHJ devices with non-metallic electrodes to date. Additionally, the stability and cost-effectiveness of these solar cells are discussed.

Designing Rigorous and Efficient Clinical Utility Studies for Early Detection Biomarkers.

Before implementing a biomarker in routine clinical care, it must demonstrate clinical utility by leading to clinical actions that positively affect patient-relevant outcomes. Randomly controlled early detection utility trials, especially those targeting mortality endpoint, are challenging due to their high costs and prolonged duration. Special design considerations are required to determine the clinical utility of early detection assays. This commentary reports on discussions among the National Cancer Institute's Early Detection Research Network investigators, outlining the recommended process for carrying out single-organ biomarker-driven clinical utility studies. We present the early detection utility studies in the context of phased biomarker development. We describe aspects of the studies related to the features of biomarker tests, the clinical context of endpoints, the performance criteria for later phase evaluation, and study size. We discuss novel adaptive design approaches for improving the efficiency and practicality of clinical utility trials. We recommend using multiple strategies, including adopting real-world evidence, emulated trials, and mathematical modeling to circumvent the challenges in conducting early detection utility trials.

Modeling impulsivity and risk aversion in the subthalamic nucleus with deep brain stimulation.

Risk evaluation is ubiquitous in decisions. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is effective for Parkinson's disease and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and can be associated with impulsivity and hypomania. Subthalamic stimulation has seemingly contrasting effects on impulsivity enhancing conflict-induced impulsivity but decreasing risk taking. Here, using a card gambling task paired with intracranial recordings (n = 25) and within-subject case control acute stimulation (n = 15) of the right subthalamic nucleus, we dissociated objective risk and uncertainty and subjective physiological markers of risk. Acute stimulation decreased risk taking (P = 0.010, Cohen's d = 0.72) and increased subthalamic theta activity (P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.72). Critically, stimulation negatively shifted the relationship between subthalamic physiology and a measure of evidence accumulation similar to observations with stimulation-induced conflict processing. This highlights the phenotypic and physiological heterogeneity of impulsivity, yet linking mechanisms underlying stimulation-induced conflict and risk. Finally, stimulation-induced risk seeking implicates the ventral subthalamic nucleus and dissociating anatomical and functional connectivity with the mesial prefrontal cortex. Our findings have implications for conceptualizations of impulsivity, and clinical relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders.

Application of the modified Byars staged procedure for severe hypospadias repair.

This study aimed to introduce a modified Byars staged procedure and investigate its application value in patients with severe hypospadias. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with severe hypospadias admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, China) between October 2012 and October 2022. In total, 31 patients underwent the conventional Byars procedure (conventional group), and 45 patients underwent the modified Byars staged procedure (modified group). Our modified strategy was built upon the standard Byars procedure by incorporating glansplasty during the first stage and employing a Y-shaped flap in conjunction with a glandular tunnel for urethroplasty during the second stage. Notably, there were no statistically significant differences in the preoperative baseline characteristics, duration of surgery, amount of blood loss, or occurrence of postoperative complications, including urethral fistula, stricture and diverticulum, or penile curvature, between the conventional and modified groups. However, there was a significantly lower incidence of coronal sulcus fistula (0 vs 16.1%, P = 0.02) and glans dehiscence (0 vs 12.9%, P = 0.02) in the surgical group than that in the conventional group. In addition, the modified group exhibited a notably greater rate of normotopic urethral opening (100.0% vs 83.9%, P = 0.01) and a higher mean score on the Hypospadias Objective Penile Evaluation (HOPE; mean ± standard error of mean: 8.6 ± 0.2 vs 7.9 ± 0.3, P = 0.02) than did the conventional group. In conclusion, the modified Byars staged procedure significantly reduced the risks of glans dehiscence and coronal sulcus fistula. Consequently, it offers a promising approach for achieving favorable penile esthetics, thereby providing a reliable therapeutic option for severe hypospadias.

A highly efficient soybean transformation system using GRF3-GIF1 chimeric protein.

Expression of GRF3-GIF1 chimera significantly enhanced regeneration and transformation efficiency in soybean, increasing the number of transformable cultivars. Moreover, GmGRF3-GIF1 can be combined with CRISPR/Cas9 for highly effective gene editing.

Preoperative CT and Radiomics Nomograms for Distinguishing Bronchiolar Adenoma and Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Evaluating the capability of CT nomograms and CT-based radiomics nomograms to differentiate between Bronchiolar Adenoma (BA) and Early-stage Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study; we analyzed data from 226 patients who were treated at our institution and pathologically confirmed to have either BA or Early-stage LUAD. Patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n=158) and a testing cohort (n=68). All CT images were independently analyzed and measured by two radiologists using conventional computed tomography. Clinical predictive factors were identified using logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to construct differential diagnostic models for BA and early-stage LUAD, including traditional CT and radiomics models. The performance of the models was determined based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, discrimination ability, and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: Lesion shape, tumor-lung interface, and pleural retraction signs were identified as independent clinical predictors. The areas under the curve for the CT nomogram, radiomic features, and radiomics nomogram were 0.854, 0.769, and 0.901, respectively. Both the CT nomogram and the radiomics nomogram demonstrated good generalizability in distinguishing between the two entities. DCA indicated that the nomograms achieved a higher net benefit compared to the use of radiomic features alone. CONCLUSION: The two preoperative nomograms hold significant value in differentiating between patients with BA and those with Early-stage LUAD, and they contribute to informed clinical treatment decision-making.

Bilateral Symmetrical Mandibular Canines with Two Roots and Two Separate Canals: A Case Report and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND: The permanent canine usually has a single root and a single root canal. A one-rooted canine with two canals or a canine with two roots and two separate canals may also occur at a lower incidence in the permanent dentition. However, bilateral symmetrical mandibular canines with two roots and two separate canals are less common. CASE PRESENTATION: This study reported a lower incidence case of bilateral symmetrical mandibular canines with two roots and two separate canals, which was found based on a CBCT examinaton. The patient visited our department and was consulted for orthodontic treatment due to the irregularity of her lower anterior teeth. As the abnormal root morphology of bilateral mandibular canines greatly increased the difficulty of orthodontic treatment, the patient finally gave up orthodontic treatment after communication. CONCLUSION: This case report provides supplementary data to better understand the complexities of the root canal system of canines.

Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing of Soybean Reveals Transcriptional Changes and Antiviral Functions of GmGSTU23 and GmGSTU24 in Response to Soybean Mosaic Virus.

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) stands as a prominent and widespread threat to soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), the foremost legume crop globally. Attaining a thorough comprehension of the alterations in the transcriptional network of soybeans in response to SMV infection is imperative for a profound insight into the mechanisms of viral pathogenicity and host resistance. In this investigation, we isolated 50 294 protoplasts from the newly developed leaves of soybean plants subjected to both SMV infection and mock inoculation. Subsequently, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to construct the transcriptional landscape at a single-cell resolution. Nineteen distinct cell clusters were identified based on the transcriptomic profiles of scRNA-seq. The annotation of three cell types-epidermal cells, mesophyll cells, and vascular cells-was established based on the expression of orthologs to reported marker genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. The differentially expressed genes between the SMV- and mock-inoculated samples were analyzed for different cell types. Our investigation delved deeper into the tau class of glutathione S-transferases (GSTUs), known for their significant contributions to plant responses against abiotic and biotic stress. A total of 57 GSTU genes were identified by a thorough genome-wide investigation in the soybean genome G. max Wm82.a4.v1. Two specific candidates, GmGSTU23 and GmGSTU24, exhibited distinct upregulation in all three cell types in response to SMV infection, prompting their selection for further research. The transient overexpression of GmGSTU23 or GmGSTU24 in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in the inhibition of SMV infection, indicating the antiviral function of soybean GSTU proteins.