[Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in diet therapy of children with allergic diseases]. / Rol' polinenasyshchennykh zhirnykh kislot v lechebnom pitanii detei s allergicheskimi zabolevaniiami.

135 pediatric patients receiving hypoallergic diet were included into the study group. The control group consisted of 20 children. The impact of PUFA omega-3 biologically active supplements (polyen, prima-Oil) was studied in hypoallergic rations. Biochemical indices were simultaneously investigated. The revealed dynamic changes of fatty acid spectrum in plasma and red cell membranes, cellular and humoral immunity status and eicosanoids synthesis were followed by positive clinical changes. Diets enriched with biologically active supplementation (PUPA omega-3) can be recommended for application in pediatric practice.

[Renal prostanoids in experimental diabetes mellitus]. / Pochechnye prostanoidy pri éksperimental'nom sakharnom diabete.

Participation of renal prostanoids in development of diabetes-induced nephropathy was studied in rats with streptozotocin diabetes. Development of diabetic nephropathy occurred with simultaneous decreases in production of intrarenal natriuretic, depressor prostaglandin and prostacyclin as well as with increases in content of antinatriuretic, pressor, prothrombogenic TxA2. The imbalance observed in the production of renal prostanoids contributed slightly to impairments of hemodynamics, osmo- and ion regulating functions of kidney, i.e. to formation of diabetic nephropathy in the experimental animals.

[Effect of alpha-tocopherol on the development of diabetic angiopathy, platelet aggregation and status of the prostacyclin-thromboxane system in rats with streptozotocin diabetes]. / Vliianie alpha-tokoferola na razvitie diabeticheskoi angiopatii, agregatsiiu trombotsitov i sostoianie sistemy prostatsiklin-tromboksan u krys so streptozototsinovym diabetom.

Under study were effects of intravenous infusions of a new emulsion, alpha-tocopherol, on the development of diabetic microangiopathy, platelet alpha-tocopherol level, ADP-induced platelet aggregation level, exogenic (from 14C-arachidonic acid) thromboxane (TxA2) biosynthesis in suspension of washed platelets and of prostacyclin (PgI2) one in isolated aortic rings of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Six-week injections of alpha-tocopherol in a dose 100 mg/100 g b. w. with 48 h intervals immediately after development of streptozotocin-induced diabetes prevented the development of diabetic angiopathy but did not normalize platelet functional activity and PgI2/TxA2 balance in vessels and platelets. Similar injections of alpha-tocopherol in the presence of developed angiopathy resulted in its regressive development and normalization of the before-said prostanoid balance and platelet characteristics.

[Tha fatty acid spectrum of the thrombocyte phospholipids in experimental diabetes mellitus complicated by proteinuria]. / Zhirno-kislotnyi spektr fosfolipidov trombotsitov pri éksperimental'nom sakharnom diabete, oslozhnennom proteinuriei.

Experiments on 5 test and 16 control Wistar-Kyoto rats have shown that streptozocin diabetes mellitus complicated by proteinuria is characterized by the following changes of the fatty acid spectrum of platelet phospholipids: a decrease in the content of C18:2p6, C18:3p3, C20:4p6, C20:3p9, C20:5p3, in the sum of fatty acids of the linoleic group and the ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acids and an increase in the content of C18:0, C20:2p6 and C20:3p6. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the platelet aggregation ability, an increase in their synthesis of thromboxane A2 and a decrease in the synthesis of prostacyclin I2 by vascular endothelium and account for them, to a certain degree. The obtained results are promising with relation to achieving a positive effect of the diets, rich in linoleic acid, for prophylaxis of vascular complications in diabetes mellitus.

[Effect of coronary arterial occlusion on prostacyclin biosynthesis in dogs of various ages]. / Vliianie okkliuzii koronarnoi arterii na biosintez v nei prostatsiklina u sobak raznogo vozrasta.

In acute experiments in animals of different age, local myocardial ischemia was stimulated, and the pattern of change in prostacyclin biosynthesis by segments of ischemized and normal coronary arteries was studied. Prostacyclin biosynthesis by coronary arterial segments was much more intensive in young animals, as compared to adult ones. Ischemized arterial segments of pups were also shown to produce a much smaller quantity of prostacyclin, as compared to control animals and to adult levels. The demonstrated findings may be making an important pathogenetic contribution to ischemic heart damage.

[The vascular response of spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats with diabetes mellitus]. / Sosudistye reaktsii spontanno gipertensivnykh i normotenzivnykh krys pri sakharnom diabete.

Streptozotocin-induced diabetes caused an increase in AP and reactivity to noradrenaline in perfused caudal artery of normotensive rats (WKY). In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) diabetes led to an increase in reactivity not only to noradrenaline but also to alpha 1-agonist phenylephrine; a response to endothelium-dependent agent acetylcholine was decreased. Alterations in function of the vascular endothelium may be one of the factors causing elevation of vasoconstriction in diabetes mellitus.

[Effect of dietary linoleic acid on the platelet aggregation, fatty acid composition of platelet phospholipids and synthesis of platelet prostaglandins in rats]. / Vliianie pishchevoi linolevoi kisloty na agregatsiiu trombotsitov, zhirnokislotnyi sostav ikh fosfolipidov i sintez trombotsitarnykh prostaglandinov u krys.

Three groups of Wistar-Kyoto rats were kept on diets containing different quantity of linoleic acid (LA) in prenatal and postnatal periods up to 18 weeks age: I. less than 0.1 cal.% of LA, 2. 9.0 cal.% of LA and 3. 16 cal.% of LA. Aggregation of washed platelets with ADP and A23187, biosynthesis of prostaglandins from 14C-arachidonic acid in platelets and fatty acid composition of platelet phospholipids were studied using gas liquid chromatography. Modification of fatty acid composition of platelet phospholipids and changes in biosynthesis of platelet prostaglandins are the base for proaggregation effect of LA deficient and for antiaggregation effect of LA enriched diets. The effects of dietary LA were mediated not only via altered metabolism of fatty acids of linoleic family but also via metabolism of fatty acids of oleic and linolenic series.

[Effect of diets of various levels of linoleic acid on prostanoid biosynthesis and arterial blood pressure in rats]. / Vliianie diet s razlichnym soderzhaniem linolevoi kisloty na biosintez prostanoidov i arterial'noe davlenie u krys]

The authors studied the influence of diets with 0 cal % (diet 1), 9 cal % (diet 2, control) and 16 cal %, according to linoleic acid, on the arterial blood pressure (ABP) and exogenous biosynthesis of prostacyclin (PGI2), PGF2 and PGE2 from 14C-arachidonic acid in isolated aortal rings and thromboxane (TxA2), PGF2 alpha, PGE2 in the suspension of washed platelets. It was established that diet 1 used during 4.5 months led to a rise in the ABP and decreased biosynthesis of all the prostanoids studied, as compared to the control. Linoleic acid excess (diet 3) induced a more pronounced elevation of the ABP and reduction of PGI2 synthesis in the aorta and TxA2 in the washed platelets, as compared to the control.

[Effect of lasix on prostaglandins of the kidneys and lungs of rats with spontaneous hypertension]. / Osobennosti vliianiia laziksa na prostaglandiny pochek i legkikh krys so spontannoi gipertoniei.

Lasix effects on diuresis, natriuresis and pulmonary and renal prostaglandin biosynthesis and catabolism were examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats (NTR). PGE2 and PGF2 biosynthesis from 14C-arachidonic acid, and 3H-PGF1 and PGE2 catabolism were measured in kidney and lung homogenates. Changes in PG metabolism were shown to be dependent on age, blood pressure and the time of lasix action. Decreased biosynthesis and increased catabolism were demonstrated for PGE2, and reverse changes were shown for the production and decay of PGF2 alpha. Reciprocal changes were demonstrated in renal and pulmonary PG metabolism, an evidence of inter-organ relationships between prostaglandin systems of the organs in question. SHRs and NTRs showed different response of renal and pulmonary PGs, natriuresis and diuresis to lasix administration.

[Age-related characteristics of the prostaglandin system in certain organs]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti prostaglandinovoi sistemy v nekotorykh organakh.

The biosynthesis of PGE2, PGF2, PGI2 alpha from 14C-arachidonic acid and the catabolism of 3H--PGF1 alpha and 3H--PGE2 were studied in kidney, aorta and lung homogenates of young (1.5 months) and adult (3.5 months) Wistar rats. An increased synthesis of PGE2 was found in aorta and kidneys and PGI2 in lungs and heart of young rats. PGE2 alpha synthesis in kidneys and aorta underwent no alteration with age. The 3H--PGE2 catabolism in lungs and kidneys was more intensive in young rats whereas the 3H--PGF1 alpha degradation did not differ in various age groups but somewhat decreased with age in lungs. Close correlation was found between the biosynthetic coefficients PGF/PPE in kidneys and the AP level in young rats. A reciprocal interrelationship was found between the biosynthetic and the catabolic coefficients PGF/PGE in kidney, aorta and lungs of young and adult rats. This results in a balance of synthesis and catabolism of prostaglandins in kidney and lungs which prevents release of great quantities of prostaglandins from the sites of their synthesis into the systemic circulation. In other words, the processes of biosynthesis and catabolism of prostaglandins in the organism maintain a constant level of these biologically active substances in the systemic circulation.

[Biosynthesis of renal prostaglandins in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. / Biosintez pochechnykh prostaglandinov u spontanno gipertenzivnykh krys.

Biosynthesis of prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha from the exogenously added 14C-arachidonic acid in the renal medulla of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats (1 1/2- and 3 1/2-months-old) was studied. Investigations carried out showed that the formation of PgE2 from the arachidonic acid by the kidneys of SHR was significantly lower than in Wistar rats, whereas biosynthesis of PgF2alpha was practically normal. No difference in the prostaglandin-synthetase activity was noted in the kidneys of SHR of different age, whereas Wistar rats displayed a reduction of the PgE2 synthesis by the age of 3 1/2 months.