RESUMEN
A series of digitalis-like compounds with a 17-aminoalkoxyiminoalkyl or -alkenyl substituent was synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and for inotropic activity. The highest inhibition was found with compounds having the substituent in configuration 17beta and the amino group at a distance of 6 or 7 bonds from C(17) of the digitoxigenin skeleton. The presence of the oxime function strengthens the interaction with the receptor, more if alpha,beta-unsaturated, thus mimicking the electronic situation of the unsaturated lactone in natural digitalis compounds. The most active compounds showed Na(+),K(+)-ATPase inhibitory potencies (IC(50)) 17-25 times higher than the standards digitoxigenin and digoxin and 3-11 times higher inotropic potencies (EC(50)) in isolated guinea pig left atria. These features are supported by a molecular model suggesting the possible interactions of the groups described above with particular amino acid residues in the H1-H2 domains of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase. Some interactions are the classical ones already described in the literature; a new, very strong interaction of the basic group with the Cys138 was found and adds new possibilities to design compounds interacting with this region of the receptor. The most interesting compounds were also studied in vivo in the anesthetized guinea pig for evaluating their inotropic effect versus the lethal dose. Compounds 9 and 12 showed a slightly higher safety ratio than digoxin and deserve further evaluation.
Asunto(s)
Androstanos/síntesis química , Androstanoles/síntesis química , Cardiotónicos/síntesis química , Glicósidos Digitálicos/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis química , Oximas/síntesis química , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/antagonistas & inhibidores , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/química , Androstanos/química , Androstanos/farmacología , Androstanoles/química , Androstanoles/farmacología , Animales , Sitios de Unión , Cardiotónicos/química , Cardiotónicos/farmacología , Perros , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Cobayas , Atrios Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Riñón/enzimología , Masculino , Modelos Moleculares , Contracción Miocárdica/efectos de los fármacos , Ouabaína/química , Ouabaína/metabolismo , Oximas/química , Oximas/farmacología , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The four stereoisomers of the 2-hydroxy derivatives of digitoxigenin and 3-epidigitoxigenin have been synthesized, their structures established by NMR, and their binding affinity for the digitalis receptor on Na+, K(+)-ATPase evaluated. These derivatives showed lower affinities than the parent compounds. The hydrophilic hydroxy groups in the alpha position are more detrimental to the affinity than hydroxy groups in the beta position.
