[Specifics of endocrine regulation of digestion in patients with esophageal neoplasms after esophagogastroplasty]. / Osobennosti éndokrinnoi reguliatsii pishchevareniia u bolnykh rakom pishchevoda posle ézofagogastroplastiki.

In 67 patients with esophageal cancer, the peculiarities of endocrine regulation of alimentation after resection and plasty of the esophagus, using an isoperistaltic gastric tube were studied. Of these patients, 15 underwent correction of the disorders revealed. Accelerated evacuation of the content from a gastric transplant is accompanied by atony of the pylorus and is due to relative incompetence of neuroendocrine elements in gastric and duodenal mucosa (presence of a small amount of EC- and P-cells). Use of pentagastrin at the early postoperative period permits to accelerate the process of formation of the compensatory-adjusting mechanisms in the system of alimentation due to increase in functional activity of EC- and I-cells.

[Basic principles in the integration of pathology with medico-biologic disciplines]. / Osnovnye printsipy integratsii patologicheskoi anatomii s mediko-biologicheskimi distsiplinami.

Five principles should be used for the student knowledge integration at chairs of medico-biological profile and pathology: 1) wide professional orientation, 2) justified sequence of teaching, 3) teaching synchronization, 4) feedback mechanism, 5) reasonable sufficiency of the material. This may become realistic if the teachers of the highest qualification are employed and if health care officials pay due attention to the student teaching.

[Endocrine function of the pancreas after radical surgery in esophageal cancer]. / Endokrinnaia funktsiia podzheludochnoi zhelezy posle radikal'nykh operatsii pri rake pishchevoda.

Postoperative levels of insulin and morphological pattern of beta-cells of islets of Langerhans were studied in 27 esophageal cancer patients following one-stage esophageal resection or repair with the gastric pedicle graft and extracavitary cervical shunt. There is a postoperative inhibition of secretory activity of the insulin pancreatic apparatus which recovered on 120 postoperative day. These shifts resulted from dystrophy of the beta-cells.

[Dynamics of the morphological changes in a colonic autotransplant during experimental plastic surgery of the cervical esophagus]. / Dinamika morfologicheskikh izmenenii tolstokishechnogo autotransplantata pri plastike sheinoi chasti pishchevoda v éksperimente.

In the experiment on 16 dogs, the morphologic structure of a colonic autotransplant utilized for restoration of a total defect of the cervical esophagus was studied. A segment of the descending colon with terminal inferior mesenteric vein and ostium of the inferior mesenteric artery with a part of the aortic wall was used. Reformation of the intestinal epithelium was noted. By day 21 after the operation, a multilayer squamous epithelium was revealed in the intestinal autotransplant, in the muscular layer--structures of the forming neuromas. No esophageal stenosis was noted.

[The role of adaptive structures in the umbilical arteries in regulating the blood flow in the internal iliac artery system]. / Rol' adaptatsionnykh struktur pupochnykh arterii v reguliatsii krovotoka v sisteme vnutrennei podvzdoshnoi arterii.

A complex of special structures having compensatory-adaptive character has been found in the umbilical artery wall of a mature dog. The role of the structures revealed is to participate in an active regulation of the blood stream. In the test animals with a model of the blood stream disorder in the iliac artery reservoir, the importance of the structures of its active regulation increases. The investigations performed have stated the fact, that the canine umbilical artery during the postnatal period of ontogenesis actively participates in regulation of the blood stream in the internal iliac artery reservoir. In some cases the umbilical artery plays the role of a blocking artery, in others--as a powerful arteriovenous formation and it is able to participate in distribution and regulation of the blood stream.

[Possibility of the neoplastic transformation of thyroid gland cells in the graft vs host reaction]. / O vozmozhnosti opukholevoi transformatsii kletok shchitovidnoi zhelezy pri reaktsii transplantat protiv khoziaina.

The experiments were carried out on 60 first generation hybrids. Acute systemic "graft-versus-host" reaction (GVHR) was induced in (CBA X C57B1/6) X 60 X 10(6) hybrids by intravenous administration of spleen cells from C57B1/6 parents. Thyroid glands were examined on the 3rd, 10th and 24th days of GVHR. Chronic GVHR was studied in accordance with routine model. (C57B1/6 X DBA/2) hybrids were given 50 X 10(6) spleen cells from DBA/2 parents. Thyroid glands were investigated 6 months after GVHR induction. On the 10th day of GVHR histological examination revealed that follicular-like adenoma tumours with pronounced cellular abnormalities tended to appear in thyroid gland. In a chronic form of GVHR the histological pattern corresponds to that of follicular cancer.

[Morphofunctional changes in the pancreas during restoration of the damaged wall of the cervical pancreas in an experiment]. / Morfofunktsional'nye izmeneniia podzheludochnoi zhelezy pri vosstanovlenii povrezhdennoi stenki sheinogo otdela pishchevoda v éksperimente.

Morphological and functional changes of the pancreas during experimental restoration of the damaged wall of the cervical part of the esophagus at various periods after the operation were studied. The diabetes-like nature of the sugar curve in this case was due to degenerative changes in beta-cells of the island apparatus and decline in their number, which led to the reduction in endogenous insulin content and the violation of insulin secretion.

[Tumor markers in focal and diffuse liver diseases]. / Opukholevye markery pri ochagovykh i diffuznykh zabolevaniiakh pecheni.

The level of tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, ferritin, beta 2-microglobulin) in the blood serum was determined in 147 patients with benign and malignant hepatic diseases, 105 patients with cancer of extrahepatic site, Stage I-IV, without liver metastases (a control group) and 36 practically healthy persons. An analysis of the results obtained allowed one to establish that an increase in the concentration of tumor markers as compared to the normal one, is noted in both malignant and benign hepatic diseases as well as in the control group. However hepatic tumors were caused by a more frequent rise of the concentration of tumor markers in the blood serum with higher absolute values. Among benign hepatic diseases the most frequent increase in the level of tumor markers was noted in hepatitis and cirrhosis.

[Immunologic disorders in mice reared by mothers with induced graft vs host reactions]. / Immunologicheskie narusheniia u myshei, vskormlennykh materiami s indutsirovannoi u nikh reaktsiei transplantat protiv khoziaina.

The mice fed by foster mothers with the induced graft-versus-host reaction showed high lethality at the age of 2-3 months and second year of life. During the second month of life the sick progeny exhibited lymphopenia, delayed skin allograft rejection, diminished number of T lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes, depressed immune response to erythrocytic and abdominal typhi Vi-antigen. The immune response in old mice was elevated. Postmortem histological examination of 35 mice revealed tumours of lymphoid and reticular tissue in 6 and amyloidosis of the liver and spleen in 15 cases.

[Morphological changes in the late periods of life in mice born after the induction of the graft vs. host reaction in their mothers]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniia v pozdnie periody zhizni u myshei, rodivshikhsia posle induktsii reaktsii transplantat protiv khoziaina u ikh materei.

Histological changes were studied in various organs of 1--2-year-old mice born after induction of the graft-versus-host reaction in mothers. The lymphoid tissue showed predominant atrophic changes, and a number of mice (61.2%) developed amyloidosis in the spleen and liver. The lymphoid infiltrates were found in the liver, kidneys, lungs and heart. In some cases glomerulonephritis, vasculitis and liver distrophy were recognized. Lymphoid malignancies were recorded in 17.7% of cases, wherease neoplasms in the control mice of the same age were incident only in 4.1%. Some neoplasms could be transplanted to adult F1 mice. A cell-free extract inocualted into newborn mice did not produce tumours during observational period of 14 months.

[Morphological and functional interrelationships of the thymus and adrenals in inbred mice]. / Morfologicheskie i funktsional'nye vzaimootnosheniia timusa i nadpochechnikov u myshei inbrednykh linii.

The authors carried out morphological examination of the thymus, adrenal glands and the spleen in CBA, C57BL/6, AKR mice and studied the immunological reactivity of mice to sex antigen of the skin transplant with the determination of the blood plasma corticosterone level. In comparison with C57BL/6 and AKR mice, CBA mice displayed a narrow cortical layer in the thymus, wide thymus-dependent zones in the spleen, a high corticosterone level, and the absence of any reaction to the sex antigen of the skin transplant. Adrenalectomy in CBA mice led to a sharp dilatation of the thymus cortex, the appearance of numerous lymph follicles in the spleen and development of an immunological reaction to sex antigen of the skin transplant. Atrophy of the cortical layer of the adrenal glands witha sharp reduction of subanophilic lipids was noted in CBA B-mice.

[Clinical and morphological comparative correlations in rectal cancer and their prognostic importance]. / Nekotorye korreliativnye kliniko-morfologicheskie sopostavlneiia pri rake priamoi kishki i ikh prognosticheskoe znachenie.

Besides generally accepted tests for prognostication of the results of radical surgical treatment for rectal cancer, great practical importance is attached to the complex of accessory tests such as the combined intensity of immune lymphocytic infiltrates, the tumor and adjacent tissues, the amount of pathological mitoses, the degree of vascularization and the absolute number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood. An estimation of different combinations of the tests concerned makes it possible to prognosticate the results of radical treatment for rectal cancer in each particular case.