[Current status of malaria control knowledge awareness of primary and sec- ondary school students in Xuzhou City].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the current status of malaria control knowledge awareness of primary and secondary school students and its influencing factors in Yunlong District, Xuzhou City, so as to provide the evidence for improving the malaria prevention work. METHODS: A total of 800 students from 4 urban and rural primary and secondary schools were randomly selected and investigated with questionnaires. RESULTS: The total awareness rate of malaria control knowledge was 61.27%, and the awareness rates of symptoms of malaria and malaria prevention were only 38.99% and 57.59% respectively. The main approach of obtaining the malaria control knowledge was media (51.52%). The univariate analysis showed that sex, area and different education levels affected the awareness rates of malaria control knowledge (P < 0.05), and the Logistic analysis showed that the awareness rate of malaria control knowledge of country students was lower than that of urban students (P < 0.05), and the awareness rate of malaria control knowledge of the secondary school students was higher than that of the primary school students (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The awareness rate of malaria control knowledge of primary and secondary school students in Yunlong District is lower than that required by the national standard. Therefore, the health education of malaria control should be strengthened, especially in countryside school students and primary school students.

Comparative study of the selective degradations of two enantiomers in the racemate and an enriched concentration of indoxacarb in soils.

In this study, selective degradations of the two enantiomers of indoxacarb in the concentrate (2.33S/1R) and racemate (1S/1R) are examined. The absolute configurations of indoxacarb enantiomers were determined using X-ray diffraction. The results showed that in two alkaline soils, the S-(+)-indoxacarb was preferentially degraded in both the concentrate and racemate. In one acid soil, the two enantiomers degraded no-selectivity. In another acid soil and one neutral soil, the R-(-)-indoxacarb was preferentially degraded in both the concentrate and racemate. Indoxacarb enantiomers were configurationally stable in the five soils, and no interconversion was observed during the incubation. Because no significant difference in degradation was observed after samples were sterilized, the observed enantioselectivity may be attributed primarily to microbial activity in soils. The results indicate that the selective degradation behavior was the same for both formulations that were tested.

Enantioselective degradation of dufulin in four types of soil.

In this study, enantioselective degradation of dufulin in four types of soil (Guiyang silty loam, Nanning silty clay, Hefei silty clay, and Harbin silty clay) was investigated under sterile and nonsterile conditions. Pesticide residues in soil samples were extracted with acetonitrile. S-(+)-Dufulin and R-(-)-dufulin were separated and determined on an amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (Chiralpak IA) chiral column by normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The absolute configurations of dufulin enantiomers were determined by obtaining experimental and computed circular dichroism spectra. Dufulin enantiomers were found to be configurationally stable in the selected soils, and no interconversion was observed during the incubation of enantiopure S-(+)- or R-(-)-dufulin under nonsterile conditions. Compared to the half-life (t1/2) of dufulin in sterile soils, the degradation rate was higher in nonsterile soils, which suggests that dufulin degradation can be attributed primarily to microbial activity in soils used for agricultural cultivation. Furthermore, enantiopure S-(+)-dufulin degraded more rapidly than its antipode. This suggests that use of enantiopure S-(+)-dufulin could exert less disturbance to soil bioactivity and contribute less to environmental pollution.