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Objective:To explore the clinical effectiveness of a self-designed robot reduction system for femoral intertrochanteric fractures.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 57 patients with intertrochanteric fracture who had been treated at Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Central Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from June 2022 to February 2023. The patients were divided into a robot group (using the self-designed robot reduction system to assist intramedullary nailing) and a traction bed group (using a traction bed to assist intramedullary nailing) based on their fracture reduction method. The robot group: 31 patients, 11 males and 20 females, with an age of (78.7±9.3) years; 16 left and 15 right sides; 17 cases of type 31-A1, 12 cases of type 31-A2 and 2 cases of type 31-A3 by the AO/OTA classification. The traction bed group: 26 patients, 12 males and 14 females, with an age of (78.7±7.7) years; 13 left and 13 right sides; 16 cases of type 31-A1, 9 cases of type 31-A2 and 1 cases of type 31-A3 by the AO/OTA classification. The 2 groups were compared in terms of reduction and operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy frequency, reduction quality, and VAS and Harris score at preoperation, 1 week and 6 months postoperation.Results:The 2 groups were comparable due to insignificant differences in their preoperative general data ( P>0.05). The robot group was significantly better than the traction bed group in reduction time [(4.4±2.2) min versus (9.4±3.2) min], operation time [(29.0±13.5) min versus (49.3±13.3) min], intraoperative blood loss [(76.5±30.5) mL versus (115.0±38.4) mL], fluoroscopy frequency [(10.2±2.6) times versus (14.8±3.2) times], and good/excellent rate of reduction [80.6% (25/31) versus 50.0% (13/26)] ( P<0.05). All patients were followed up for (6.8±0.3) months. Respectively, the VAS scores at preoperation and 6 months postoperation was (6.2±1.3) and (2.4±0.8) points for the robot group, and (6.3±1.3) and (2.7±0.8) points for the traction bed group, showing no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). However, the VAS score was (3.3±1.2) points for the robotic group and (4.8±1.5) points for the traction bed group at 1 week postoperation, showing a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups ( P<0.001). Respectively, the Harris scores at preoperation and 6 months postoperation were (35.3±3.0) and (88.7±3.4) points for the robot group, and (35.6±2.9) and (87.2±3.5) points for the traction bed group, showing no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). However, the Harris score was (57.3±3.7) points for the robotic group and (46.7±2.8) points for the traction bed group at 1 week postoperation, showing a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups ( P<0.05). The patient satisfaction rates in the robot and traction bed groups were 96.8% (30/31) and 92.3% (24/26), respectively, showing no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Our self-designed robot reduction for femoral intertrochanteric fractures can effectively shorten reduction and operation time, reduce bleeding and fluoroscopy frequency, and enhance anatomical reduction.
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Objectives:To investigate the prevalence,clinical characteristics and risk factors of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)in patients with pulmonary hypertension(PH). Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted from December 30,2022 to January 6,2023 through the WeChat official account of the PH Patients Mutual Aid Organization.PH patients aged≥18 years from 26 province(municipality/autonomous region)were recruited to fill in the electronic survey questionnaire. Results:A total of 293 valid questionnaires were collected from PH patients.The mean age of patients was(40.6±12.7)years,and 226 patients(77.1%)of them were female.The vaccination rate was 59.7%(175/293),117 patients(39.9%)received three or more doses of vaccine,145 patients(49.5%)received inactivated vaccine.242 patients(82.6%)had COVID-19.The most common symptoms during infection were fever(85.5%),cough(77.7%),and fatigue(66.5%).10.7%of the patients had severe or critical COVID-19.Age(OR =1.057,95%CI:1.027-1.087,P<0.001)and comorbid pulmonary disease(OR=3.341,95%CI:1.215-9.184,P=0.019)were associated with severe or critical COVID-19.After adjusting for confounding factors,age was an independent risk factor for severe or critical COVID-19(OR=1.049,95%CI:1.019-1.080,P=0.001).Severe or critical COVID-19 was an independent risk factor for worsening heart failure in PH patients during COVID-19 pandemic(OR=10.522,95%CI:4.311-25.682,P<0.001). Conclusions:The immunization coverage of PH patients is insufficient.PH patients have a higher risk of developing severe or critical COVID-19 than general population.Ageing is an independent risk factor for severe or critical COVID-19,and the risk of worsening heart failure in PH patients with severe or critical COVID-19 is significantly increased during COVID-19 pandemic.
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The symptoms of pulmonary nodules are insidious,with inflammatory nodules,inflammatory granuloma,early invasive cancer and lung cancer,and the clinical differential diagnosis is still difficult.Regular CT follow-up observation of most pulmonary nodules provides a"window period"for TCM Intervention in pulmonary nodules.From the aspects of external cold attacking the lung,dense cold and humid geographical environment,cold diet,summer air conditioning,etc.,this paper considers that the soaking of cold pathogenic factors is the basic cause of the formation of pulmonary nodules,and cold phlegm are the basic pathogenesis of pulmonary nodules.The clinical manifestations of cold phlegm in pulmonary nodules are summarized from the two actual situations that can be distinguished from clinical symptoms and no symptoms.It is proposed that Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction and Sanzi Yangqin decoction are the basic formulas,Discussion on the treatment of pulmonary nodules by warming yang and dispelling cold to cure the root cause,eliminating phlegm and softening hard mass to treat the symptoms;Improve the ability of TCM diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary nodules.
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Heart failure is the end-stage clinical manifestation of various functional or structural heart diseases, which is an acute and critical condition in the field of pediatrics.Arrhythmias are often complicated with heart failure in children and could also trigger heart failure exacerbation, affecting the prognosis of children.The clinical manifestations of arrhythmias in children are atypical except the malignant types, and children with heart failure should always be alerted to the possibility of arrhythmias.Therefore, it is important for improving the prognosis of children with heart failure by raising awareness of these diseases, thus making a rational assessment of disease and actively managing it.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of drug therapy on heart failure caused by supraventricular tachycardia(SVT) in infants.Methods:Fifty-five infants with heart failure caused by SVT, including 24 boys and 31 girls, were treated at Beijing Children′s Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2014 to December 2021.The drug treatment effects of heart failure caused by SVT were analyzed.Results:The average age of 55 infants at the first diagnosis was 5.8 months(1-11 months). All of them had heart failure, including three cases of atrial flutter, 23 cases of atrial tachycardia(13 cases of disordered atrial tachycardia and ten cases of monomorphic atrial tachycardia), and 29 cases of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.Ultrasonic cardiogram showed that the left ventricular diameter increased and/or left ventricular systolic function decreased.Anti-heart failure therapy was effective in 55 cases(100.0%). Anti-arrhythmic drug therapy: atrial flutter and atrial tachycardia were mainly treated by controlling ventricular rate, digitalis combined with metoprolol was effective in 21 cases(80.8%, 21/26), digitalis alone was effective in four cases(15.4%, 4/26), and sotalol was effective in one case(3.8%, 1/26); paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia was mainly treated with sinus rhythm conversion.The success rates of conversion were: ATP 20.7%(6/29), ATP combined with digitalis 26.1%(6/23), propafenone combined with digitalis 42.9%(3/7), amiodarone combined with digitalis 60.0%(3/5), and sotalol 92.9%(12/13). During follow-up period for 1 to 12 months, heart failure symptoms of all 55 cases(100.0%) improved, and ultrasonic cardiogram of 53 cases(96.3%)returned to normal.Conclusion:Anti-heart failure and anti-arrhythmic drugs for infants with heart failure caused by SVT need to be selected individually.Atrial tachycardia, especially disordered atrial tachycardia, is sensitive to digitalis.Sotalol can be used to treat refractory SVT.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of femoral stable interlocking intramedullary nail (FSIIN) and proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) in the treatment of anterograde intertrochanteric fractures.Methods:From June 2015 to December 2020, 68 cases with surgically treated of femoral intertrochanteric fractures were included. Among them, there were 37 cases (17 males and 20 females) in proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) group, and the age ranged from 48 to 78 years (62.9±7.1 years); 18 cases were on the left and 19 cases on the right; AO/OTA classification: 16 cases of A1 type and 21 cases of A2 type. And there were 31 cases (18 males and 13 females) in FSIIN group without distal locking, the age ranged from 47 to 84 years (62.4±8.6 years); 15 cases were on the left and 16 cases on the right; AO/OTA classification: 11 cases of A1 type and 20 cases of A2 type. Fracture fixation time, incision length and number, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Harris scores at the last follow-up were compared between the two fixation methods.Results:Both groups were followed up, and the follow-up time was 15.3±3.9 months in the FSIIN group and 15.7±3.9 months in the PFNA group, and the difference was not statistically significant ( t=0.42, P=0.675). In FSIIN group, the fracture fixation time was 26.6±11.5 min, the total incision length was 7.6±1.8 cm, the intraoperative blood loss was 107.6±42.8 ml and the fracture healing time was 10.1±1.3 weeks. In PFNA group, the fracture fixation time was 40.3±10.8 min, the total incision length was 12.2±1.8 cm, the intraoperative blood loss was 209.4±52.0 ml and the fracture healing time was 16.3±1.6 weeks. In FSIIN group, the fracture fixation time ( t=3.46, P<0.001), total incision length ( t=2.39, P=0.020), intraoperative blood loss ( t=3.16, P<0.001), fracture healing time ( t=2.80, P<0.001) were all less than those in PFNA group, and the difference was statistically significant. The VAS score of FSIIN group was 1.4±0.5 points, and that of PFNA group was 1.6±0.6 points, and the difference was not statistically significant ( t=0.68, P=0.503). The Harris score was 84.5±2.2 in FSIIN group and 83.3±2.5 in PFNA group, and the difference was not statistically significant ( t=0.63, P=0.530). At the last follow-up, 29 patients in the FSIIN group were very satisfied with the operation, and 2 patients were satisfied with the operation, with a satisfaction rate of 100%. In PFNA group, 30 patients were very satisfied with the operation, 7 patients were satisfied with the operation, and the satisfaction rate was 100%. Conclusion:Compared with PFNA, micro-invasive and micro-stress shielding methodes of FSIIN in the fixation of anterograde intertrochanteric fractures is more minimally invasive, simple, time-saving, less bleeding, less risk, less pain, minimal stress shilding and enhanced recovery after surgery. The effect of treatment is similar in FSIIN and PFNA group.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy of elastic locking intramedullary nail (ELIN) in the treatment of mid clavicle fractures.Methods:From January 2014 to December 2020, the data of 61 patients with mid-clavicle fracture treated with ELIN were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 38 patients were from the Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University and 23 were from the Second People's Hospital of Hulunbuir City. There were 36 males and 25 females, aged from 19 to 85 years (average, 54.5 years), 39 cases on the left side and 22 cases on the right side. According to Robinson's classification, there were 20 cases of type 2A2, 29 cases of type 2B1 and 12 cases of type 2B2. There was no nerve or vascular injury before operation. The postoperative evaluation measures included incision length, operation time, blood loss, fracture reduction, fracture healing time, ELIN removal time, shoulder Constant-Murley score, disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score, and related complications.Results:All patients were followed up for 13-51 weeks (average, 21.8 weeks). There were 34 cases of closed reduction and 27 cases of mini-open reduction, and the length of incision was 2.04±1.08 cm. The closed reduction operation time was 20.32±7.11 min, and the mini-open reduction operation time was 20.30±5.37 min. The intraoperative blood loss was 6.47±2.31 ml in the closed reduction group and 27.41±11.55 ml in the mini-open reduction group. Compared with the healthy side, the clavicle length of the affected side was shortened by 7.74%±3.51% of pre-operation and 0.71%±1.00% of post-operation, there was statistically significant difference in the length of clavicle shortening of pre- and post-operation ( t=3.84, P<0.001). The fracture healing time was 10.48±2.39 weeks. The removal time of ELIN was 13.39±2.69 weeks. At the last follow-up, the Constant-Murley score of shoulder joint was 98.87±1.74. The average of DASH score was 1.13 (range, 0-10). There were 18 cases of skin irritation after operation, of which 13 cases formed pressure sores at the tail end 3-6 weeks after the operation, and were treated with dressing change and keeping clean; 4 cases of skin irritation at the tail end formed bursitis, which disappeared after removal of the internal fixation. In 1 case, the tip of ELIN penetrated the anterior cortex from the proximal clavicle and stimulated the skin. Radiograms showed continuous callus at 4 weeks after operation, and there was no local tenderness on the physical examination, which reached the clinical healing standard, and the symptoms were relieved after the nail was removed. No serious complications such as neural and vascular injury, nail breaking, delayed healing, infection, numbness or discomfort in the subclavian area occurred in all cases, and all patients were satisfied or basically satisfied with the aesthetic of the skin appearance. Conclusion:Minimally invasive and microstress shielding fixation of mid-clavicle fracture with ELIN have the advantages of simple operation, minimally invasive, beautiful appearance, anti-short-shrinkage and rapid fracture healing etc. It is an effective surgical method for the treatment of mid-clavicle fractures.
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Objective:To compare the efficacy of double thread elastic locking intramedullary nail (ELIN) and threaded elastic intramedullary nail (TEIN) in the treatment of mid-shaft clavicular fracture.Methods:From August 2017 to September 2020, 33 patients with mid-shaft clavicular fractures were treated with ELIN (double threaded nail group), including 14 males and 19 females, age 52.09±16.32 years old; Robinson classification: 20 cases of type 2A2, 6 cases of type 2B1, and 7 cases of type 2B2. Thirty-two patients were selected as the control group with TEIN fixation (single threaded nail group) during the same period, including 13 males and 19 females; age 43.25±15.03 years old; Robinson classification: 19 cases of type 2A2 and 5 cases of type 2B1, 8 cases of 2B2 type. The operation time, intraoperative incision length, fracture healing time, internal fixation removal time, Constant-Murley shoulder joint score, disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score, fracture reduction and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results:The patients in both groups were followed up after operation, the double-threaded screw group was followed up for 16-48 weeks (average, 23.7 weeks), and the single threaded nail group was followed up for 15-51 weeks (average, 22.9 weeks). The operation time of the double threaded nail group and the single threaded nail group were 19.45±6.74 min and 19.59±4.98 min, and the length of the incision was 1.70±0.79 cm and 1.73±0.84 cm. The fracture healing time were 12.12±1.29 weeks and 13.88±1.84 weeks. The internal fixation removal time was 13.09±1.31 weeks and 15.69±1.94 weeks. The Constant-Murley shoulder score was 93.18±3.78 points and 90.09±4.03 points, and the DASH scores were 1.49± 0.49 points and 3.85±1.13 points; There was no significant difference in operation time and incision length between the two groups ( t=0.01, 0.19; P>0.05), while fracture healing ( t=3.70, P<0.001), internal fixation removal time ( t=6.34, P<0.001), Constant-Murley shoulder score ( t=3.19, P<0.001), DASH score ( t=10.95, P<0.001) differences were statistically significant. The length of the clavicle on the healthy side was 16.38±1.09 cm in the double threaded nail group, and the length of the clavicle on the affected side after internal fixation removal was 16.33±1.12 cm. There was no obvious shortening deformity on the affected side, and there was no significant difference in the length of the clavicle between the two sides ( t=1.57, P=0.127). The clavicle lengths of the healthy side and the affected side after internal fixation removal in the single threaded nail group were 16.55±1.12 cm and 15.12±1.18 cm, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=8.02, P<0.001). The postoperative shortening values of the double-threaded screw group and the single-threaded screw group were 9.47±2.12 mm and 17.41±2.42 mm, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=14.07, P<0.001). Postoperatively, 5 cases of bursitis and 2 cases of skin irritation occurred in the double threaded nail group; While 6 cases of bursitis, 3 cases of skin irritation, 4 cases of shortening malunion, and 1 case of broken nail occurred in the single threaded nail group (fracture delayed union after replacement of internal fixation); the other patients did not experience screw retraction, wound infection, delayed fracture union or nonunion, neurovascular injury, and achieved osseous union. Conclusion:Both elastic intramedullary nails are effective surgical methods for the treatment of middle clavicle fractures, and the operation time is short and minimally invasive. However, compared with the TEIN, the fracture healing time of the double-threaded ELIN is shorter, the internal fixation removal time is earlier, the shoulder joint and upper limb function is better, and the shortening deformity is less likely to occur.
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The C4b binding protein alpha (C4BPA) chain primarily engages in critical inflammatory and coagulation processes. The previous transcriptomic analysis showed that C4BPA is a differentially expressed gene in lower and higher fat content mammary gland cell lines from Chinese Holstein. This study aimed to investigate the effects of C4BPA on the inflammation and milk fat synthesis in bMECs by C4BPA knockdown and overexpression. The results highlighted that knockdown of C4BPA in bMECs could suppress the mRNA and protein expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and the TLR-4/NF-κB pathway-related genes and promote the expression of complement and coagulation cascade pathways related genes as well as TNF-α. Moreover, knockdown of C4BPA expression in bMECs reduced the content of triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CHOL) in bMECs, increased NEFA content, reduced mRNA and protein expression of ACSL1 and PPARA, and increased the mRNA and protein expression of ELOVL6, FADS1, and LPL. The bMECs, with the overexpression of C4BPA, showed the enhanced expression of TLR-4/NF-κB linked genes, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and mRNA and protein level while reduced mRNA expression of TNF-α, compliment, and coagulation cascade related genes was observed. In bMECs, overexpression of C4BPA enhanced the content of TG and CHOL while reducing NEFA and stimulated the mRNA and protein expression of ACSL1, PPARA, and PPARG genes while inhibiting the mRNA and protein expression of FADS1 and LPL genes. Our results show that C4BPA not only regulates the lipid metabolism through the PPAR signaling pathway in bMECs but also contributes to the inflammatory response through TLR-4/NF-κB and the complement and coagulation cascade pathways. This study, for the first time, provides the primary basis for understanding the role of C4BPA in immunity and fat metabolism, which enables the researchers for innovative direction to investigate genes associated with fat metabolism and immunity. This study also advocates that the breeders must pay attention to such type of genes with multiple functions during animal breeding.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of femoral stable interlocking intramedullary nail (FSIIN) in the treatment of anterograde intertrochanteric fractures.Methods:FSIIN was invented to treat femoral intertrochanteric fractures. From January 2005 to February 2019, 36 cases of anterograde intertrochanteric fractures were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 29 cases were from the Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University and 7 cases were from the Second People's Hospital of Hulunbuir City. 15 cases (6 males and 9 females) were treated with FSIIN distal locking fixation(distal locking group). The average age was 68.53±10.82 years (range, 48-80 years old); According to AO/OTA classification, there were 7 cases of 31-A1 type and 8 cases of 31-A2 type. 21 cases (12 males and 9 females) were treated by FSIIN distal fixation non-locking (distal unlocking group). The average age was 67.86±11.70 years (range, 46-85 years). there were 9 cases of 31-A1 type and 12 cases of 31-A2 type. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Harris scores at the last follow-up were compared between the two fixation methods.Results:Both groups were followed up for 10-24 months, and the mean time in the lock group was 16.73±3.41 months. The mean time in the non-locking group was 16.10±3.36 months. In the locked group, the operation time was 43.47±2.39 min, the intraoperative blood loss was 149.33±44.96 ml, and the fracture healing time was 14.57±1.50 weeks. In the non-locking group, the operation time was 33.29±5.30 min, intraoperative blood loss was 97.62±38.46 ml, and fracture healing time was 10.16±1.20 weeks. The operation time of the non-locking group was shorter than the locking group ( t=6.930, P<0.001), intraoperative blood loss was decreased than the locking group ( t=3.708, P<0.001), fracture healing time was reduced than the locking group ( t=9.818, P<0.001). At the last follow-up, the VAS score of the locked group was 1.60±0.63 and the non-locked group was 1.81±1.08, which showed no significant difference( t=0.673, P=0.506). There was no significant difference in Harris score between the locked group 84.33±2.53 and the non-locked group 84.90±2.19( t=0.724, P=0.474). Eight weeks after the operation, the proximal inferior locking nail was withdrawn 1 cm in 1 case. The fracture healed without treatment. Conclusion:Both FSIIN distal locking and non-locking are effective methods for the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures. Compared with the distal locking group, the non-locking group had more simpler operation, more minimally invasive, and enhanced recovery after surgery.
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Objective:To summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) in children caused by CASQ2 gene variants. Methods:The clinical data of 8 children (4 males and females, respectively) with CPVT caused by CASQ2 gene variants admitted to Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2017 to November 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.The targeted next generation sequencing was employed to identify CASQ2 variants and Sanger sequencing was conducted to conform the candidate variants and determine the parental origin. Results:As for 8 children in this study, the average age of onset was 6.4 years, the mean age at diagnosis was 9.4 years, and the average interval from onset to diagnosis was 3 years.Only 2 cases had clearly diagnosis at onset, other 6 cases had a delay to diagnosis and 3 cases of them were diagnosed at other hospitals as having epilepsy and did not respond to anti-epileptic therapy.During physical activity and/or emotional stress, 8 cases presented with recurrent syncope and were able to regain consciousness after a few minutes.They had no a history of sudden cardiac death or family history.There was no abnormality on resting electrocardiogram during the paroxysmal interval in 6 cases and mild sinus bradycardia in 2 cases.Typical bidirectional ventricular tachycardia (VT) and/or polymorphic VT were detected in 8/8 cases and 5/5 cases, respectively, based on Holter electrocardiography and cardiac stress test.The CASQ2 gene variant was found in all children, with 6 cases carrying compound heterozygous variants and 2 cases carrying homozygous variants.A total of 9 different CASQ2 variants were detected in 8 cases, of which 5 had not been previously reported.According to the family-line verification, all of them had a familial variant, with no novel variants.All 8 cases were treated orally with β-blockers, with asymptomatically recurrent episodes, with a mean follow-up of 1.5 years, during which implantable cardioverter defibrillation was performed in 1 case owing to severe sinus bradycardia.There was no death case among them. Conclusions:CPVT with CASQ2 variants is characterized by early onset before preschool age, recurrent syncope after exercise or emotional stress and bidirectional/polymorphic VT.Early diagnosis of CPVT remains challenging due to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis.Treatment with β-blockers can achieve favorable effectiveness and safety.Five novel variants in this study would further expand the database of CASQ2 genes.
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Formins are widely distributed in eukaryotes such as fungi, plants and animals. They play crucial roles in regulating the polymerization of actin, coordinating the synergistic interactions between actin and microtubules, and determining cell growth and morphology. Unlike formins from fungi and animals, plant formins have been evolved into two plant-specific types. Generally, type Ⅱ formins are believed to regulate the polarized growth of cells, and type Ⅰ formins may regulate the cell expansion and division processes. Recent studies on the function of plant formins suggest it is inappropriate to classify the function of formins purely based on their structures. This review summarizes the domain organization of formins and their corresponding functions, as well as the underpinning mechanisms. Furthermore, the unsolved or unexplored issues along with future perspectives on plant formins are proposed and discussed.
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Actinas , Forminas , Proteínas de Microfilamentos , Células Vegetales , Desarrollo de la Planta , PlantasRESUMEN
The demand for food is increasing day by day because of the increasing global population. Therefore, meat, the easiest and largely available source of protein, needs to be produced in large amounts with good quality. The pork industry is a significant shareholder in fulfilling the global meat demands. Notably, myogenesis- development of muscles during embryogenesis- is a complex mechanism which culminates in meat production. But the molecular mechanisms which govern the myogenesis are less known. The involvement of miRNAs in myogenesis and meat quality, which depends on factors such as myofiber composition and intramuscular fat contents which determine the meat color, flavor, juiciness, and water holding capacity, are being extrapolated to increase both the quantity and quality of pork. Various kinds of microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-1, miR-21, miR22, miR-27, miR-34, miR-127, miR-133, miR-143, miR-155, miR-199, miR-206, miR-208, miR-378, and miR-432 play important roles in pig skeletal muscle development. Further, the quality of meat also depends upon myofiber which is developed through the expression of different kinds of miRNAs at different stages. This review will focus on the mechanism of myogenesis, the role of miRNAs in myogenesis, and meat quality with a focus on the pig.
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Objective:To evaluate the role of long-chain non-coding RNA-lung cancer metastasis-related transcript 1/microRNA-145/Bcl-2 and adenovirus E1B19k Da interacting protein 3 (Lnc-MALAT1/miRNA-145/BNIP3) signaling pathway in sufentanil preconditioning-induced cardioprotection in rats.Methods:Rat H9C2 cells were inoculated in 6-well culture plates or flasks at a density of 1×10 6 cells/ml and divided into 5 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) group, sufentanil preconditioning group (S group), eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.0 group (pcDNA group) and pcDNA-MALAT1 group (MALAT1 group). Cells were incubated with 10 μmol/L sufentanil for 2 h, and then the H/R injury model was established in group S. In pcDNA group and MALAT1 group, cells were transfected with pcDNA3.0 and pcDNA-MALAT1, respectively, and then incubated with 10 μmol/L sufentanil for 2 h starting from 24 h after transfection, and then the H/R injury model was established.At 2 h after reoxygenation, the expression of Lnc-MALAT1, miRNA-145 and BNIP3 mRNA was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction, the cell survival rate was detected by CCK-8, the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and amount of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) released were detected, and the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 was detected by Western blot. Results:Compared with group C, the survival rate was significantly decreased, apoptosis rate was increased, the MDA level and amount of LDH released were increased, SOD levels were decreased, the expression of LncRNA-MALAT1, BNIP3 mRNA, Bax, and cleaved-caspase-3 was up-regulated, and miRNA-145 and Bcl-2 expression was down-regulated in the other four groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group H/R, the cell survival rate was significantly increased, apoptosis rate was decreased, the MDA level and amount of LDH released were decreased, SOD levels were increased, the expression of LncRNA-MALAT1, BNIP3 mRNA, Bax, and cleaved-caspase-3 was down-regulated, and miRNA-145 and Bcl-2 expression was up-regulated in S and pcDNA groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group S, the survival rate was significantly decreased, apoptosis rate was increased, MDA level and amount of LDH released were increased, SOD levels were decreased, the expression of LncRNA-MALAT1, BNIP3 mRNA, Bax, and cleaved-caspase-3 was up-regulated, and miRNA-145 and Bcl-2 expression was down-regulated in group MALAT1 ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism of sufentanil preconditioning-induced cardioprotection is related to inhibiting Lnc-MALAT1/miRNA-145/BNIP3 signaling pathway in rats.
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Objective@#To compare the curative effect between Elastic Locking Intramedullary Nail (ELIN) and Anatomic Locking Plate (ALP) for the treatment of fracture in the mid-shaft of clavicle (Classification AO/OTA:2A/2B).@*Methods@#Data of 47 cases of 2A/2B clavicular fractures who were treated with operation from January 2014 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into ELIN group and ALP group according to different fixation methods. There were 23 cases in ELIN group, 14 male and 9 female, aged from 19 to 85 years (average, 55.26 years). 14 cases on the left side and 9 cases on the right side. There were 6 cases of type 2A and 17 cases of type 2B. There were 24 cases in the ALP group, 18 male and 6 female, aged from 15 to 71 years (average, 51.25 years). 16 cases on the left side and 8 cases on the right side. There were 9 cases of type 2A and 15 cases of type 2B. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of skin incision, fracture healing time, extraction time of internal fixation, Constant-Murley score of shoulder joint, disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score, and complication incidence were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#All the operations were successfully performed. The mean follow-up for the patients in the ELIN group was 19.35 weeks (range, 14-23 weeks). The mean follow-up for the patients in the ALP group was 53.13 weeks (range, 28-76 weeks). In the ELIN group, the operative time was 20.78 ± 7.71 min, the intraoperative blood loss was 13.26±9.72 ml, the length of incision was 1.57±1.24 cm, the fracture healing time was 10.39±2.39 weeks, the extraction time of internal fixation was 13.17±2.37 weeks, the Constant-Murley score of shoulder joint was 99.09±1.86, and the DASH score was 1.20±2.47. In the ALP group, the operative time was 57.79±11.56 min, the intraoperative blood loss was 69.17±46.24 ml, the length of incision was 9.67±2.90 cm, the fracture healing time was 14.21±4.05 weeks, the extraction time of internal fixation was 47.38±10.46 weeks, the Constant-Murley score of shoulder joint was 98.00±2.17, and the DASH score was 0.89±1.65. The operation time (t=12.856, P=0.000), intraoperative blood loss (t=5.791, P=0.000) in the ELIN group were less than that of ALP group. The length of incision was significantly smaller in ELIN group than that of ALP group (t=12.549, P=0.000). The fracture healing time was earlier in ELIN group than that of ALP group (t=3.566, P=0.002). The extraction time of internal fixation was obviously earlier in ELIN group than that of ALP group (t=15.603, P=0.000). Constant-Murley score of shoulder joint and DASH score showed no significant difference. No delayed healing, no infection was found in the ELIN group, however skin irritation and tail bursitis were found in 6 cases, 3-6 weeks after the operation. The dressing was changed, kept clean. Skin irritation and tail bursitis disappeared, after the extraction of the internal fixation. There were 2 cases of delayed healing in the ALP group. After prolonged observation, the 2 cases healed. The healing time was extended to 24 and 27 weeks, respectively. There was 1 case of infection, 1 case of poor skin healing in the ALP group. The infected patient was treated with debridement and sensitive antibiotics, and the patient with poor skin healing was treated with dressing change. All the patients had wound healing about 4 weeks after surgery. 2 cases of skin irritation in the ALP group disappeared, after the extraction of the internal fixation.@*Conclusion@#Both ALP and ELIN are effective methods for the treatment of mid-shaft clavicular fracture. ELIN group has the advantages of more minimally invasive, faster union, shorter internal fixation time, better appearance, and lower medical cost. However, the ELIN group also had skin irritation and temporary bursitis.
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Objective To compare the curative effect between Elastic Locking Intramedullary Nail (ELIN) and Anatomic Locking Plate (ALP) for the treatment of fracture in the mid?shaft of clavicle (Classification AO/OTA:2A/2B). Methods Data of 47 cases of 2A/2B clavicular fractures who were treated with operation from January 2014 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into ELIN group and ALP group according to different fixation methods. There were 23 cases in ELIN group, 14 male and 9 female, aged from 19 to 85 years (average, 55.26 years).14 cases on the left side and 9 cases on the right side. There were 6 cases of type 2A and 17 cases of type 2B. There were 24 cases in the ALP group, 18 male and 6 fe?male, aged from 15 to 71 years (average, 51.25 years). 16 cases on the left side and 8 cases on the right side. There were 9 cases of type 2A and 15 cases of type 2B. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of skin incision, fracture healing time, ex?traction time of internal fixation, Constant?Murley score of shoulder joint, disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score, and complication incidence were compared between the two groups. Results All the operations were successfully performed. The mean follow?up for the patients in the ELIN group was 19.35 weeks (range, 14-23 weeks). The mean follow?up for the patients in the ALP group was 53.13 weeks (range, 28-76 weeks). In the ELIN group, the operative time was 20.78 ± 7.71 min, the intraopera? tive blood loss was 13.26±9.72 ml, the length of incision was 1.57±1.24 cm, the fracture healing time was 10.39±2.39 weeks, the extraction time of internal fixation was 13.17±2.37 weeks, the Constant?Murley score of shoulder joint was 99.09±1.86, and the DASH score was 1.20±2.47. In the ALP group, the operative time was 57.79±11.56 min, the intraoperative blood loss was 69.17± 46.24 ml, the length of incision was 9.67±2.90 cm, the fracture healing time was 14.21±4.05 weeks, the extraction time of internal fixation was 47.38±10.46 weeks, the Constant?Murley score of shoulder joint was 98.00±2.17, and the DASH score was 0.89±1.65. The operation time (t=12.856, P=0.000), intraoperative blood loss (t=5.791, P=0.000) in the ELIN group were less than that of ALP group. The length of incision was significantly smaller in ELIN group than that of ALP group (t=12.549, P=0.000). The frac?ture healing time was earlier in ELIN group than that of ALP group (t=3.566, P=0.002). The extraction time of internal fixation was obviously earlier in ELIN group than that of ALP group (t=15.603, P=0.000). Constant?Murley score of shoulder joint and DASH score showed no significant difference. No delayed healing, no infection was found in the ELIN group, however skin irritation and tail bursitis were found in 6 cases, 3-6 weeks after the operation. The dressing was changed, kept clean. Skin irritation and tail bursitis disappeared, after the extraction of the internal fixation. There were 2 cases of delayed healing in the ALP group. After pro?longed observation, the 2 cases healed. The healing time was extended to 24 and 27 weeks, respectively. There was 1 case of infec?tion, 1 case of poor skin healing in the ALP group. The infected patient was treated with debridement and sensitive antibiotics, and the patient with poor skin healing was treated with dressing change. All the patients had wound healing about 4 weeks after sur?gery. 2 cases of skin irritation in the ALP group disappeared, after the extraction of the internal fixation. Conclusion Both ALP and ELIN are effective methods for the treatment of mid?shaft clavicular fracture. ELIN group has the advantages of more minimal?ly invasive, faster union, shorter internal fixation time, better appearance, and lower medical cost. However, the ELIN group also had skin irritation and temporary bursitis.
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Objective@#To compare the clinical outcome and health related quality of life(HRQoL)of patients with degenerative spinal deformity who underwent spino-pelvic fixation utilized second sacral alar-iliac(S2AI)with patient utilized traditional iliac screw(IS).@*Methods@#Patients diagnosed as degenerative spinal deformity who underwent spino-pelvic fixation utilized either S2AI screw or Iliac screw at Department of Spine Surgery of Drum Tower hospital from January 2013 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the pelvic fixation technique. Cobb′s angle, coronal balance distance(CBD), regional kyphosis(RK), sagittal vertical axis(SVA)were recorded at pre-operation, post-operation and last follow up. The MOS item short from the health survey(SF-36), visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry disability index(ODI) were also recorded at pre-operation and last follow up. Five physical examinations were administered to all patient at the last follow up to diagnose sacroiliac joint dysfunction, three tests resulting positive were regarded as dysfunction. Repeated measurement analysis of variance, t-test or non-parametric test was used to analyzed the data, respectively.@*Results@#A total of 22 patients who met the inclusion were recruited in this study. Fourteen patients were utilized S2AI screw and 8 patients were utilized iliac screw.There were no significant differences in age, gender, follow up time between two groups. Cobb′s angle, CBD, RK, SVA at pre- and post-operation and last follow up showed no significant difference between two groups.SF-36, ODI, VAS at pre-operation and last follow up showed no significant difference between two groups. Compared with baseline, Cobb′s angle(44.4°±14.0° vs. 20.2°±7.2° vs. 18.3°±7.1°), C7PL-CSVL((25.3±16.0)mm vs. (10.3±5.7)mm vs. (9.2±4.2)mm), RK(33.0°(-12.0°, 50.0°) vs. 20.0°(-33.0°, 8.5°) vs. -19.0°(-29.0°, 19.0°)), SVA((31.5±34.4)mm vs. (12.1±8.4)mm vs. (10.9±7.2)mm), SF36-physical function summary(PCS)(39.8±14.3 vs. 68.2±21.5), SF36-mental component summary(MCS)(44.9±14.8 vs. 73.9±19.9), ODI(37.7±16.9 vs. 19.8±15.8), VAS(4.8±2.1 vs. 1.8±0.9) were significantly improved postoperatively in S2AI group(P<0.05). In the IS group, compared with baseline, Cobb′s angle(54.3°±18.3° vs. 26.1°±13.2° vs. 25.6°±18.3°), C7PL-CSVL((31.0±16.0)mm vs. (13.9±7.0)mm vs. (12.4±6.6)mm), RK (47.0°(15.0°, 57.0°) vs. 4.0°(-10.0°, 16.0°) vs. 7.0°(-9.0°, 12.0°)), SVA((27.1±23.9)mm vs.(13.1±7.5)mm vs. (13.6±6.0)mm), SF36-PCS(29.7±7.1 vs. 61.1±11.2), SF36-MCS(35.9±7.1 vs. 64.0±11.1), ODI(48.6±13.4 vs. 19.0±10.7), VAS(4.9±1.8 vs. 2.6±1.3) were also significantly improved postoperatively(all P<0.05). There were two patients need revision surgery in the IS group due to the instrumentation-related complication. None of the patients in the S2AI group needed revision surgery. There were no instances of sacroiliac joint dysfunction in both groups at last follow up.@*Conclusion@#Spino-pelvic fixation utilizing S2AI screw could provide similar correction rate to iliac screw and the sacroiliac joint penetration due to S2AI won′t affect the HRQoL in patient with degenerative deformity who utilized S2AI.
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Objective@#To understand the prevalence of dyslipidemia and risk factors among coal miners under different work conditions.@*Methods@#The survey was conducted from April 2016 to June 2016. 759 mine workers were divided into three groups (group of the front line miner, underground auxiliary and ground) . Questionnaire and physical examination were used to collect related information of workers. Logistic regression model was used to analyze relative factors.@*Results@#The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 43.2% in coal miners. The prevalence rate of the front line miner and underground auxiliary miners was 46.6%. Ground workers had the lowest prevalence rate of 36.4%. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that higher body mass index (BMI) was risk factors for underground workers (OR=2.18, 95%CI:1.51~3.13) . Smoking (OR=1.99, 95%CI:1.17~3.38) , drinking (OR=1.85, 95%CI:1.11~3.06) , hypertension (OR=1.79, 95%CI:1.00~3.22) and higher waist and hip ratio (OR=1.06, 95%CI:1.04~1.09) were risk factors for underground auxiliary workers. For ground workers, those with higher BMI (OR=2.64, 95%CI:1.68~4.16) were at higher risk of dyslipidemia and female workers had lower risk (OR=0.35, 95%CI:0.18~0.65) than male workers.@*Conclusion@#The dyslipidemia rate of coal mine workers is related to work environment and behavior. Health education may be needed to reduce the dyslipidemia rate of coal mine workers.
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Objective@#To study the correlation between low back pain (LBP) and occupational stress in coal miners.@*Methods@#From January 2015 to December 2016, a total of 472 front-line workers in a mining area of a large-scale coal mining enterprise in Shanxi, China were enrolled in the study. The general information, condition of LBP, and occupational stress level of the subjects were obtained by questionnaire survey. Dichotomous logistic regression (DLR) was used to analyze the correlation between LBP and occupational stress.@*Results@#Of the 472 subjects, 186 subjects experienced LBP in the past year; the prevalence rate of LBP was 39.41%. The scores of the Occupational Role Questionnaire were significantly higher for workers in the LBP group than in the non-LBP group (P<0.01) . As revealed by the DLR analysis, age, marital status, length of service, occupational stress role, labor intensity, keeping single posture during work, and working in shifts were risk factors of LBP (P<0.01) , while smoking may be a protective factor against LBP (P<0.01) .@*Conclusion@#Occupational stress role is a potential risk factor for LBP in coal miners (P<0.01) . Reasonable work assignment and timely alleviation of occupational stress may be one of the effective approaches to prevent LBP.
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Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of neuromuscular scoliosis(NMS)patients with pelvic obliquity who underwent spino-pelvic fixation utilized traditional iliac screw(IS),second sacral alar-iliac(S2AI)screw or iliac sacral screw. Methods All of 20 patients who met the inclusion were included in this study,with 14 cases of poliomyelitis,4 cases of spinal muscular atrophy, 2 cases of muscular dystrophy,with 11 patients utilizing IS, 6 patients utilizing S2AI,and 3 patients utilizing ISS.The radiographic parameters measured pre-and post-operation and at last follow up included coronal Cobb angle,pelvic obliq-uity,and regional kyphosis.The SRS-22 questionnaires and the Oswestry disability index(ODI)and complications were collected. Results There were no significant difference in age,Cobb angle,pelvic obliquity and regional kyphosis among three groups,the follow up times was significantly shorter in the ISS group(H=15.183,P<0.01).In the IS group,the Cobb angle at pre-or post-oper-ation and at last follow up measured 70°,35°and 40°,the pelvic obliquity measured 24°,11°and 12°,the regional kyphosis mea-sured 36°,12°and 14°.In S2AI group,the Cobb angle measured 70.5°,25.0°and 26.5°,the pelvic obliquity measured 20°,10° and 11.5°,the regional kyphosis measured 37°,12°and 12.5°,showing significant improvement compared to pre-operation(P<0.05).In the ISS group,the Cobb angle at pre or post operation and at last follow up measured 64°,25°and 27°,the pelvic obliqui-ty measured 24°,9°and 11°,the regional kyphosis measured 53°,8°and 8°,showing a decrease after surgery with P>0.05,which may attribute to the small sample size in ISS group.The pre-operative ODI score was 42%,45% in IS and S2AI group,improving significantly to 26%,25.5% at last follow up.The ODI score in ISS group improved from 36% to 24% after surgery(P=0.068).The SRS-22 score improved significantly in three groups,with P<0.05 in IS and S2AI group and P=0.066 in ISS group.In the IS group, one patient had rod breakage and underwent revision surgery,one patient had deep infection and recovered with conservative treat-ment.In the S2AI group,one patient had S2AI screw misplacement on the right side.Conclusion In the surgical management of neuromuscular scoliosis(NMS)patients with pelvic obliquity,the utilization of either iliac screw,S2AI screw or ISS fixation can ob-tain satisfied deformity correction and improvement in health-related quality of life,however,the utilization of S2AI and ISS could reduce the implant related complications.