Hippocampal subfield morphology from first episodes of bipolar disorder type II and major depressive disorder in a drug naïve Chinese cohort.

Introduction: Symptoms during the onset of major depressive disorder [MDD] and bipolar disorder type II [BD-II] are similar. The difference of hippocampus subregion could be a biological marker to distinguish MDD from BD-II. Methods: We recruited 61 drug-naïve patients with a first-episode MDD and BD-II episode and 30 healthy controls (HC) to participate in a magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] study. We built a general linear model (one-way analysis of covariance) with 22 hippocampal subfields and two total hippocampal volumes as dependent variables, and the diagnosis of MDD, BD-II, and HC as independent variables. We performed pair-wise comparisons of hippocampal subfield volumes between MDD and HC, BD-II and MDD, BD-II and HC with post hoc for primary analysis. Results: We identified three regions that differed significantly in size between patients and controls. The left hippocampal fissure, the hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area (HATA), and the right subiculum body were all significantly larger in patients with MDD compared with the HC. In the onset of first-episode of MDD, the hippocampal volume increased significantly, especially on the left side comparing to HC. However, we found differences between MDD and BD-II were not statistically significant. The volume of the left HATA and right subiculum body in BD-II was larger. Conclusions: The sample size of this study is relatively small, as it is a cross-sectional comparative study. In both MDD and BD-II groups, the volume of more left subregions appeared to increase. The left subregions were severely injured in the development of depressive disorder.

The impact of childhood trauma on Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: the Chain Mediating role of borderline personality traits and self-control.

BACKGROUND: The adolescent depression associated with childhood trauma has been confirmed, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to explore the chain-mediated role of borderline personality traits and self-control in the relationship between childhood trauma and adolescent depression. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,664 students from a senior high school through online questionnaires from October to December 2022 in Henan, China. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, Borderline Personality Dimension of Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4, Self-Control Scale, and Children's Depression Inventory were used to measure childhood trauma, borderline personality traits, and self-control. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression in adolescents was 21.17%, while the prevalence of borderline personality was 12.00%. childhood trauma (r = 0.50, p < 0.001) and borderline personality traits (r = 0.60, p < 0.001) were positively correlated with adolescent depressive symptoms, while self-control was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (r = - 0.50, p < 0.001). Borderline personality traits and Self-control both play a mediating role in childhood trauma and depressive symptoms, and the mediating effect values are 0.116 (95%CI = [0.098, 0.137]), and 0.022 (95%CI = [0.012, 0.032]) respectively. The chain mediating effect of borderline personality traits and self-control on the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms was significant (effect value: 0.034, 95%CI = [0.028, 0.042]). CONCLUSIONS: Childhood trauma can predict depressive symptoms in adolescents due to the formation of borderline personality traits and the reduction of self-control. These findings are important for understanding the formation of personality traits, self-control abilities and coping strategies shaped by traumatic experiences in adolescents.

[Childhood trauma and adolescent game addiction: the mediating effects of self-control]. / å„¿ç«¥æœŸåˆ›ä¼¤ä¸Žé’å°‘å¹´æ¸¸æˆæˆç˜¾çš„å ³ç³»ï¼šè‡ªæˆ‘æŽ§åˆ¶çš„ä¸­ä»‹ä½œç”¨.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between childhood trauma and game addiction in adolescents, as well as the mediating effect of self-control. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using cluster random sampling. The participants were 2 664 adolescents from a senior high school in Henan Province. The research tools included a demographic data questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, Self-Control Scale, and Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents. The Bootstrap method was used to test the parallel mediating effect, with the five dimensions of self-control as mediators. RESULTS: The prevalence of game addiction among the adolescents was 17.68% (471/2 664). There was a positive correlation between childhood trauma and game addiction scores (P<0.01), and a negative correlation between childhood trauma scores and each dimension of self-control (P<0.01). Moreover, all five dimensions of self-control were negatively correlated with game addiction scores (P<0.01) and acted as parallel mediators between childhood trauma and game addiction. The mediating effects of restraint from entertainment (accounting for 15.6% of the total effect) and resistance to temptation (accounting for 10.6% of the total effect) were stronger. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood trauma may increase the risk of game addiction by impairing adolescents' self-control abilities. The reduction of childhood trauma can cultivate self-control in adolescents and prevent the occurrence of game addiction.

The role of only-child status in the effect of childhood trauma and parental rearing style on depressive symptoms in Shanghai adolescents.

Introduction: After decades of the one-child policy, China changed its rules to allow two children in 2016, which altered family dynamics. Few studies have examined the emotional problems and the family environment of multi-child adolescents. This study aims to explore the role of only-child status in the impact of childhood trauma and parental rearing style on depressive symptoms of adolescents in Shanghai, China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 4,576 adolescents (M = 13.42 years, SD = 1.21) from seven middle schools in Shanghai, China. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, the Short Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran, and Children's Depression Inventory were used to evaluate childhood trauma, perceived parental rearing style, and depressive symptoms of adolescents, respectively. Results: Results showed that girls and non-only children reported more depressive symptoms, while boys and non-only children perceived more childhood trauma and negative rearing styles. Emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and father's emotional warmth significantly predicted depressive symptoms in both only children and non-only children. Father's rejection and mother's overprotection were related to adolescents' depressive symptoms in only-child families, but not non-only child families. Discussion: Therefore, depressive symptoms, childhood trauma, and perceived negative rearing styles were more prevalent among adolescents in non-only child families, while negative rearing styles were especially associated with depressive symptoms in only children. These findings suggest that parents pay attention to their impacts on only children and give more emotional care to non-only children.

[Association between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression: the chain mediating effect of maternal depression and parenting style]. / æ¯äº²èŒä¸šå€¦æ€ å’Œé’å°‘å¹´æŠ‘éƒçš„å ³ç³»ï¼šæ¯äº²æŠ‘éƒå’Œæ•™å »æ–¹å¼çš„é“¾å¼ä¸­ä»‹ä½œç”¨.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression and the mediating effect of maternal depression and parenting style. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 572 adolescents from 7 middle schools in Shanghai, China, from April to May, 2021. A survey was performed for these adolescents and their mothers. The research tools included a general information questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, short-form of Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran, and Children's Depression Inventory. A structural equation model was established, and the Bootstrap method was used to investigate the mediating effect. RESULTS: The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 12.71% (327/2 572) among the adolescents. The scores of maternal job burnout, maternal depression, and negative parenting style were positively correlated with the score of adolescent depression (P<0.05), and the score of positive parenting style was negatively correlated with the score of adolescent depression (P<0.05). Maternal depression and parenting style played a mediating role between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression, including the individual mediating effect of maternal depression, the individual mediating effect of positive parenting style, and the chain mediating effect of maternal depression-negative/positive parenting style. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal job burnout may affect adolescent depression through the mediating effect of depression, parenting style, and depression-parenting style, suggesting that the symptoms of adolescent depression can be reduced by alleviating maternal job burnout, improving maternal depression, increasing positive parenting behaviors, and reducing negative parenting behaviors.