Inhibitory effect of D3 dopamine receptors on neuropeptide Y­induced migration in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Abnormal migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) serves an important role in hypertension, atherosclerosis and restenosis following angioplasty, which is regulated numerous hormonal and humoral factors, including neuropeptide Y (NPY) and dopamine. Dopamine and NPY are both sympathetic neurotransmitters, and a previous study reported that NPY increased VSMC proliferation, while dopamine receptor inhibited it. Therefore, the authors wondered whether or not there is an inhibitory effect of dopamine receptor on NPY­mediated VSMC migration. The present study demonstrated that stimulation with NPY dose­dependence (10­10­10­7M, 24 h) increased VSMC migration, the stimulatory effect of NPY was via the Y1 receptor. This is because, in the presence of the Y1 receptor antagonist, BIBP3226 (10­7 M), the stimulatory effect of NPY on VSMC migration was blocked. Activation of the D3 receptor by PD128907 dose­dependence (10­11­10­8 M) reduced the stimulatory effect of NPY on VSMC migration. The effect of PD128907 was via the D3 receptor, because the inhibitory effect of PD128907 on NPY­mediated migration was blocked by the D3 receptor antagonist, U99194. The authors' further study suggested that the inhibitory effect of the D3 receptor was via the PKA signaling pathway, in the presence of the PKA inhibitor, 14­22 (10­6 M), the inhibitory effect of PD128907 on VSMC migration was blocked. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of PD128907 was imitated by PKA activator, Sp­cAMP [S], in the presence of Sp­cAMP [S], the NPY­mediated stimulatory effect on VSMC migration was abolished. The present study indicated that activation of the D3 receptor inhibits NPY Y1­mediated migration on VSMCs, PKA is involved in the signaling pathway.

[Clinical study of laparoscopic rectal surgery without abdominal scar].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic rectal surgery without abdominal scar. METHODS: A total of 23 patients of rectal cancer were operated by laparoscopy with the assistance of PPH (procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids) anal expander and TEM (transanal endoscopic microsurgery) outer-shell according to the principle of TME (total mesorectal excision). RESULTS: All operations were successfully accomplished laparoscopically. There was no conversion into an open procedure. The average operative duration was 129 (105 - 211) minutes. The intra-operative blood loss volume was 152 (85 - 420) ml. No immediate or delayed injury of urinary duct and other intra-operative severe complications, such as massive hemorrhage of presacral venous plexus, occurred. There was no pelvic infection or anastomotic stoma fistula during the post-operative period. The average follow-up period was 13.4 months. Neither anastomotic stoma recurrence nor Trocar implantation occurred. CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic technique of hybrid NOTES (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery), plus PPH/TEM is both feasible and convenient for selective rectal cancer surgery. There is no need for extra abdominal incision. It is recommended for laparoscopic rectal surgery.

[Clinical application of mastoscopic axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the technique and significance of mastoscopic axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy. METHODS: Sixty-two patients with breast cancer use methylene blue to test axillary sentinel lymph node. Sentinel lymph node was moved with endoscopy, and endoscopic axillary lymph nod dissection was performed. Pathological examination of sentinel lymph node and axillary lymph node was made with HE. To evaluate detection rate and false negative rate in sentinel lymph node. RESULTS: Among the 62 patients, 61 were confirmed by endoscopic axillary sentinel lymph nod biopsy. Detection rate was 98.4%. Thirty-five cases were no metastasis, 27 cases were metastasis, false negative rate was 0. CONCLUSIONS: Mastoscopic axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy has a high detection rate, good efficiency of cosmetic and lower complications. It has higher sensitivity than traditional axillary lymph nod dissection and provide accurate lymph node stages.