The clinical impact of serum soluble CD25 levels in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

OBJECTIVE: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare myeloid neoplasm with inflammatory characteristics. This study aims to investigate the correlation between sCD25 levels and clinical characteristics, as well as prognosis, in pediatric LCH. METHODS: Serum sCD25 levels were measured in 370 LCH patients under 18 years old using ELISA assays. The patients were divided into two cohorts based on different treatment regimens. We further assessed the predictive value for the prognosis impact of sCD25 in a test cohort, which was validated in the independent validation cohort. RESULTS: The median serum sCD25 level at diagnosis was 3908 pg/ml (range: 231-44 000pg/ml). sCD25 level was significantly higher in multi-system and risk organ positive (MS RO+) LCH patients compared to single-system(SS) LCH patients (p < 0.001). Patients with elevated sCD25 were more likely to have involvement of risk organs, skin, lung, lymph nodes, or pituitary (all p < 0.05). sCD25 level could predict LCH progression and relapse, with an area under the ROC curve of 60.6 %. The optimal cutoff value was determined at 2921 pg/ml. Patients in the high-sCD25 group had significantly worse progression-free survival compared to those in the low-sCD25 group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Elevated serum sCD25 level at initial diagnosis was associated with high-risk clinical features and worse prognosis. sCD25 level can predict the progression/recurrence of LCH following first-line chemotherapy.

miR-29c-3p represses the angiogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by targeting SERPINH1 to regulate the Wnt signaling pathway.

PURPOSE: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is characterized by early metastasis and late diagnosis. miR-29c-3p is confirmed to repress angiogenesis in multiple tumor types. Yet, the functions of miR-29c-3p in the mechanism of ESCC angiogenesis, which were not sufficiently explored previously, were exactly what we investigated here at the molecular level. METHODS: The mRNA level of miR-29c-3p and Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H member 1 (SERPINH1) in ESCC tissues were assessed via bioinformatics analysis. Thereafter, miR-29c-3p and SERPINH1 (HSP47) mRNA level in ESCC cell lines was evaluated via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of abnormal miR-29c-3p and SERPINH1 expression on ESCC cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and HUVEC angiogenesis were examined via CCK8, colony formation, transwell, and angiogenesis assays, respectively. The protein levels of SERPINH1, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA), Wnt-1, ?-catenin, and p-?-catenin were evaluated via Western blot. Expression of VEGFA secreted by ESCC cells was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Treatment with the Wnt activator BML-284 further revealed the way miR-29c-3p mediated the Wnt signaling pathway and its effects on angiogenesis. RESULTS: Herein, we revealed a decrease of miR-29c-3p expression in ESCC tissues and cells, while the overexpressed miR-29c-3p could remarkably suppress ESCC cell progression, as well as HUVEC angiogenesis. Meanwhile, overexpressed miR-29c-3p notably downregulated VEGFA and repressed the Wnt signaling pathway. Treatment with the Wnt activator BML-284 could reverse the inhibition of HUVEC angiogenesis caused by miR-29c-3p. SERPINH1 was a downstream target of miR-29c-3p. SERPINH1 knockdown suppressed the malignant phenotypes of ESCC cells and impeded the Wnt signaling activation, while such suppression was reversed through miR-29c-3p inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the mechanism that miR-29c-3p targeted SERPINH1, thus regulating angiogenesis in ESCC through the Wnt signaling pathway. It improves the understanding of angiogenesis in ESCC and offers new ideas for the research of ESCC treatment strategies in the future.

miR-29c-3p represses the angiogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by targeting SERPINH1 to regulate the Wnt signaling pathway

Purpose: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is characterized by early metastasis and late diagnosis. miR-29c-3p is confirmed to repress angiogenesis in multiple tumor types. Yet, the functions of miR-29c-3p in the mechanism of ESCC angiogenesis, which were not sufficiently explored previously, were exactly what we investigated here at the molecular level. Methods: The mRNA level of miR-29c-3p and Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H member 1 (SERPINH1) in ESCC tissues were assessed via bioinformatics analysis. Thereafter, miR-29c-3p and SERPINH1 (HSP47) mRNA level in ESCC cell lines was evaluated via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of abnormal miR-29c-3p and SERPINH1 expression on ESCC cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and HUVEC angiogenesis were examined via CCK8, colony formation, transwell, and angiogenesis assays, respectively. The protein levels of SERPINH1, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA), Wnt-1, ?-catenin, and p-?-catenin were evaluated via Western blot. Expression of VEGFA secreted by ESCC cells was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Treatment with the Wnt activator BML-284 further revealed the way miR-29c-3p mediated the Wnt signaling pathway and its effects on angiogenesis. Results: Herein, we revealed a decrease of miR-29c-3p expression in ESCC tissues and cells, while the overexpressed miR-29c-3p could remarkably suppress ESCC cell progression, as well as HUVEC angiogenesis. Meanwhile, overexpressed miR-29c-3p notably downregulated VEGFA and repressed the Wnt signaling pathway. Treatment with the Wnt activator BML-284 could reverse the inhibition of HUVEC angiogenesis caused by miR-29c-3p. SERPINH1 was a downstream target of miR-29c-3p. SERPINH1 knockdown suppressed the malignant phenotypes of ESCC cells and impeded the Wnt signaling activation, while such suppression was reversed through miR-29c-3p inhibitor. Conclusions: We confirmed the mechanism that miR-29c-3p targeted SERPINH1, thus regulating angiogenesis in ESCC through the Wnt signaling pathway. It improves the understanding of angiogenesis in ESCC and offers new ideas for the research of ESCC treatment strategies in the future.

An epidemiological study of drug resistance and resistance genes in bovine Escherichia coli isolates in Heilongjiang Province of China

Background: To explore the epidemiology of bovine multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates and resistance genes in Heilongjiang province of China. This study examined the prevalence of genes in bovine E. coli isolates, which confer resistance to antibiotics that are commonly used in the clinic, in regions of Baiquan, Shangzhi, and Songbei of Harbin. The purpose of the study was to investigate the epidemiology of the main resistance genes of bovine E. coli isolates in clinical veterinary medicine, and to provide a theoretical basis for preventing the spread of drug-resistant bacteria, as well as for rational drug use.Materials, Methods & Results: The sensitivity of 105 isolates to 22 antibiotics was determined using the KirbyBauer disk diffusion method, and the distribution of 19 kinds of common drug resistance genes was investigated using Polymerase Chain Reaction. The results showed that the resistance rate to nine antibiotics was over 50%, including rifampin (84.76%), ampicillin (73.58%), tetracycline (69.52%), and sulfisoxazole (59.05%). In total, 105 strains of bovine E. coli presented 21 spectra of drug resistance, including eight strains (7.62%, 8/105) that were resistant to one antibiotic and four strains (3.81%, 4/105) that were resistant to 21 antibiotics. The resistance gene detection results showed that the streptomycin-resistance gene strA was found in 73 isolates, accounting for 69.52% of the isolates, followed by the sulfanilamide-resistance genes sul3/sul2 and the aminoglycoside-resistance gene aphA, which accounted for 57.14%, 51.43%, and 50.48%, respectively, of the isolates.[...]

Ectopic pregnancy in two cats

Background: Ectopic pregnancy mainly refers to tubal pregnancy and abdominal pregnancy. Tubal pregnancy presents as an implanted embryo that develops in the fallopian tubes, and is relatively common in humans. In animals, tubal pregnancy occurs primarily in primates, for example monkeys. The probability of a tubal pregnancy in non-primate animals is extremely low. Abdominal pregnancy is a type of ectopic pregnancy that occurs outside of the uterus, fallopian tube, ovary, and ligament (broad ligament, ovarian ligament, suspensory ligament).This paper describes two cases of ectopic pregnancy in cats.Cases: Cat 1. The presenting sign was a significant increase in abdominal circumference. The age and immune and sterilization status of the cat were unknown. On palpation, a 4 cm, rough, oval-shaped, hard mass was found in the posterior abdomen. Radiographic examination showed three high-density images in the posterior abdomen. The fetus was significantly calcified and some feces was evident in the colon. The condition was preliminarily diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy. Cat 2. The owner of a 2-year-old British shorthair cat visited us because of a hard lump in the cat’s abdomen. The cat had a normal diet and was drinking normally. Routine immunization and insect repulsion had been implemented. The cat had naturally delivered five healthy kittens two months previous. Radiographs showed an oval-shaped mass with a clear edge in the middle abdominal cavity. Other examinations were normal. The case was preliminarily diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy, and the pregnancy was surgically terminated. The ectopic pregnancies were surgically terminated. During surgery, the structures of the uterus and ovary of cat 1 were found to be intact and the organs were in a normal physiological position. Cat 1 was diagnosed with primary abdominal pregnancy. In cat 2, the uterus left side was small and the fallopian tube on the same side was both enlarged and longer than normal.[...]

An epidemiological study of drug resistance and resistance genes in bovine Escherichia coli isolates in Heilongjiang Province of China

Background: To explore the epidemiology of bovine multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates and resistance genes in Heilongjiang province of China. This study examined the prevalence of genes in bovine E. coli isolates, which confer resistance to antibiotics that are commonly used in the clinic, in regions of Baiquan, Shangzhi, and Songbei of Harbin. The purpose of the study was to investigate the epidemiology of the main resistance genes of bovine E. coli isolates in clinical veterinary medicine, and to provide a theoretical basis for preventing the spread of drug-resistant bacteria, as well as for rational drug use.Materials, Methods & Results: The sensitivity of 105 isolates to 22 antibiotics was determined using the KirbyBauer disk diffusion method, and the distribution of 19 kinds of common drug resistance genes was investigated using Polymerase Chain Reaction. The results showed that the resistance rate to nine antibiotics was over 50%, including rifampin (84.76%), ampicillin (73.58%), tetracycline (69.52%), and sulfisoxazole (59.05%). In total, 105 strains of bovine E. coli presented 21 spectra of drug resistance, including eight strains (7.62%, 8/105) that were resistant to one antibiotic and four strains (3.81%, 4/105) that were resistant to 21 antibiotics. The resistance gene detection results showed that the streptomycin-resistance gene strA was found in 73 isolates, accounting for 69.52% of the isolates, followed by the sulfanilamide-resistance genes sul3/sul2 and the aminoglycoside-resistance gene aphA, which accounted for 57.14%, 51.43%, and 50.48%, respectively, of the isolates.[...](AU)

Ectopic pregnancy in two cats

Background: Ectopic pregnancy mainly refers to tubal pregnancy and abdominal pregnancy. Tubal pregnancy presents as an implanted embryo that develops in the fallopian tubes, and is relatively common in humans. In animals, tubal pregnancy occurs primarily in primates, for example monkeys. The probability of a tubal pregnancy in non-primate animals is extremely low. Abdominal pregnancy is a type of ectopic pregnancy that occurs outside of the uterus, fallopian tube, ovary, and ligament (broad ligament, ovarian ligament, suspensory ligament).This paper describes two cases of ectopic pregnancy in cats.Cases: Cat 1. The presenting sign was a significant increase in abdominal circumference. The age and immune and sterilization status of the cat were unknown. On palpation, a 4 cm, rough, oval-shaped, hard mass was found in the posterior abdomen. Radiographic examination showed three high-density images in the posterior abdomen. The fetus was significantly calcified and some feces was evident in the colon. The condition was preliminarily diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy. Cat 2. The owner of a 2-year-old British shorthair cat visited us because of a hard lump in the cats abdomen. The cat had a normal diet and was drinking normally. Routine immunization and insect repulsion had been implemented. The cat had naturally delivered five healthy kittens two months previous. Radiographs showed an oval-shaped mass with a clear edge in the middle abdominal cavity. Other examinations were normal. The case was preliminarily diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy, and the pregnancy was surgically terminated. The ectopic pregnancies were surgically terminated. During surgery, the structures of the uterus and ovary of cat 1 were found to be intact and the organs were in a normal physiological position. Cat 1 was diagnosed with primary abdominal pregnancy. In cat 2, the uterus left side was small and the fallopian tube on the same side was both enlarged and longer than normal.[...](AU)

Rapid diversification of five Oryza AA genomes associated with rice adaptation.

Comparative genomic analyses among closely related species can greatly enhance our understanding of plant gene and genome evolution. We report de novo-assembled AA-genome sequences for Oryza nivara, Oryza glaberrima, Oryza barthii, Oryza glumaepatula, and Oryza meridionalis. Our analyses reveal massive levels of genomic structural variation, including segmental duplication and rapid gene family turnover, with particularly high instability in defense-related genes. We show, on a genomic scale, how lineage-specific expansion or contraction of gene families has led to their morphological and reproductive diversification, thus enlightening the evolutionary process of speciation and adaptation. Despite strong purifying selective pressures on most Oryza genes, we documented a large number of positively selected genes, especially those genes involved in flower development, reproduction, and resistance-related processes. These diversifying genes are expected to have played key roles in adaptations to their ecological niches in Asia, South America, Africa and Australia. Extensive variation in noncoding RNA gene numbers, function enrichment, and rates of sequence divergence might also help account for the different genetic adaptations of these rice species. Collectively, these resources provide new opportunities for evolutionary genomics, numerous insights into recent speciation, a valuable database of functional variation for crop improvement, and tools for efficient conservation of wild rice germplasm.