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BACKGROUND: Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) deficiency (OMIM 237300), an autosomal recessive rare and severe urea cycle disorder, is associated with hyperammonemia and high mortality. METHODS: Herein we present 12 genetic variants identified in seven clinically well-characterized Chinese patients with CPS1 deficiency who were admitted to the Children's Medical Center of Peking University First Hospital from September 2014 to August 2023. RESULTS: Seven patients (two male and five female patients including two sisters) experienced symptoms onset between 2 days and 13 years of age, and they were diagnosed with CPS1 deficiency between 2 months and 20 years. Peak blood ammonia levels ranged from 160 to 1,000 µmol/L. Three patients showed early-onset CPS1 deficiency, with only one surviving after treatment with sodium phenylbutyrate, N-carbamoyl-L-glutamate, and liver transplantation at 4 months, showing a favorable outcome. The remaining four patients had late-onset CPS1 deficiency, presenting with mental retardation, psychiatric symptoms, and self-selected low-protein diets. Among the 12 CPS1 variants identified in these patients, 10 were novel, with all patients exhibiting compound heterozygosity for CPS1 mutant alleles. Seven variants (c.149T > C, c.616 A > T, c.1145 C > T, c.1294G > A, c.3029 C > T, c.3503 A > T, and c.3793 C > T) resulted in single amino acid substitutions. Three frameshift variations (c.2493del, c.3067dup, and c.3241del) were identified, leading to enzyme truncation. One mutation (c.3506_3508del) caused an in-frame single amino acid deletion, while another (c.2895 + 2T > C) resulted in aberrant splicing. CONCLUSIONS: Except for two known variants, all other variants were identified as novel. No hotspot variants were observed among the patients. Our data contribute to expanding the mutation spectrum of CPS1.
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Carbamoil-Fosfato Sintasa (Amoniaco) , Enfermedad por Deficiencia de Carbamoil-Fosfato Sintasa I , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Enfermedad por Deficiencia de Carbamoil-Fosfato Sintasa I/genética , Carbamoil-Fosfato Sintasa (Amoniaco)/genética , Lactante , Niño , Preescolar , Adolescente , Recién Nacido , China , Mutación , Adulto Joven , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
Dysregulated glycerophospholipid (GP) metabolism in the brain is associated with the progression of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Routine liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based large-scale lipidomic methods often fail to elucidate subtle yet important structural features such as sn-position, hindering the precise interrogation of GP molecules. Leveraging high-resolution demultiplexing (HRdm) ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), we develop a four-dimensional (4D) lipidomic strategy to resolve GP sn-position isomers. We further construct a comprehensive experimental 4D GP database of 498 GPs identified from the mouse brain and an in-depth extended 4D library of 2500 GPs predicted by machine learning, enabling automated profiling of GPs with detailed acyl chain sn-position assignment. Analyzing three mouse brain regions (hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex), we successfully identify a total of 592 GPs including 130 pairs of sn-position isomers. Further temporal GPs analysis in the three functional brain regions illustrates their metabolic alterations in AD progression.
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Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Encéfalo , Glicerofosfolípidos , Lipidómica , Animales , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Lipidómica/métodos , Glicerofosfolípidos/metabolismo , Ratones , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Espectrometría de Movilidad Iónica/métodos , Masculino , Cerebelo/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Hipocampo/metabolismoRESUMEN
Background: Previous research has primarily examined the mental well-being of children from labor migrant families, yet there is a lack of understanding regarding the mental well-being of children from highly educated migrant backgrounds. This study investigated the social-emotional problems of 3-5-year-olds from highly educated migrant families residing in an urban area of China, as well as explored potential differences in demographic variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Qiantang District, Hangzhou, China, with 1,494 (53.3% boys) children selected via a convenient sampling method. The Ages & Stages Questionnaires: social-Emotional, Second Edition (ASQ:SE-2) was used to measure social-emotional problems. Results: The results showed that 23.6% of the children were at risk for social-emotional problems. More boys (26.7%) than girls (20.1%) had scores above the cut-off. Additionally, more children in the low socioeconomic status (29.9%) had scores above the cut-off than those in the high socioeconomic status (18.9%). There were three common issues among all age groups: "being more active than others," "excessive attachment to parents," and "being overly friendly with strangers. Conclusion: The social-emotional development of children from highly educated migrant families is a significant aspect that deserves recognition, contributing valuable insights to the existing literature on this topic.
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Síntomas Afectivos , Salud Mental , Migrantes , Población Urbana , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , China , Estudios Transversales , Pueblos del Este de Asia , Escolaridad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Migrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Migrantes/psicología , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Lysine L-lactylation (Kl-la) is a novel protein posttranslational modification (PTM) driven by L-lactate. This PTM has three isomers: Kl-la, N-ε-(carboxyethyl)-lysine (Kce) and D-lactyl-lysine (Kd-la), which are often confused in the context of the Warburg effect and nuclear presence. Here we introduce two methods to differentiate these isomers: a chemical derivatization and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis for efficient separation, and isomer-specific antibodies for high-selectivity identification. We demonstrated that Kl-la is the primary lactylation isomer on histones and dynamically regulated by glycolysis, not Kd-la or Kce, which are observed when the glyoxalase system was incomplete. The study also reveals that lactyl-coenzyme A, a precursor in L-lactylation, correlates positively with Kl-la levels. This work not only provides a methodology for distinguishing other PTM isomers, but also highlights Kl-la as the primary responder to glycolysis and the Warburg effect.
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Liver transplantation (LT) rejection remains the most pervasive problem associated with this procedure, while the mechanism involved is still complicated and undefined. One promising solution may involve the use of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). However, the immunological mechanisms underlying the effects of MDSC after LT remain unclear. This study is meant to clarify the role MDSCs play after liver transplantation. In this study, we collected liver tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from LT patients showing varying degrees of rejection, as well as liver and spleen tissue samples from mice LT models. These samples were then analyzed using flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and multiple immunofluorescence. M-MDSCs and CD8 + T-cells extracted from C57/BL6 mice were enriched and cocultured for in vitro experiments. Results, as obtained in both LT patients and LT mice model, revealed that the proportion and frequency of M-MDSC and PD-1 + T-cells increased significantly under conditions associated with a high degree of LT rejection. Within the LT rejection group, our immunofluorescence results showed that a close spatial contiguity was present between PD-1 + T-cells and M-MDSCs in these liver tissue samples and the proportion of CD84/PD-L1 double-positive M-MDSC was greater than that of G-MDSC. There was a positive correlation between the activity of CD84 and immunosuppressive function of M-MDSCs including PD-L1 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as demonstrated in our in vitro model. M-MDSCs treated with CD84 protein were able to induce co-cultured CD8 + T-cells to express high levels of exhaustion markers. We found that CD84 regulated M-MDSC function via expression of PD-L1 through activation of the Akt/Stat3 pathway. These results suggest that the capacity for CD84 to regulate M-MDSC induction of CD8 + T-cell exhaustion may play a key role in LT rejection. Such findings provide important, new insights into the mechanisms of tolerance induction in LT.
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Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Rechazo de Injerto , Trasplante de Hígado , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Células Supresoras de Origen Mieloide , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/metabolismo , Animales , Células Supresoras de Origen Mieloide/metabolismo , Células Supresoras de Origen Mieloide/inmunología , Rechazo de Injerto/inmunología , Humanos , Ratones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Adulto , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Hígado/metabolismoRESUMEN
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) primarily expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and dendritic cells (DCs). While FLT3 plays a critical role in the proliferation, development and maintenance of DCs, thus influencing immune responses under both normal and pathological conditions, there also exists some evidence that FLT3+DC may be involved with immune responses in liver transplantation (LT). In this study, results from single-cell sequencing data analysis revealed a clear relationship between FLT3+DCs and Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in liver tissue of LT recipients. In peripheral blood samples of LT patients, levels of FLT3+DCs were decreased post-LT-surgery, while Tregs were increased. In a LT mouse model, levels of FLT3+DCs in the liver and bone marrow exhibited an initial time-dependent decrease followed by an increase after LT surgery. Results as obtained with co-culture experiments using mature BMDCs and CD4+ T cells revealed fluctuations in Tregs in response to FLT3 inhibitors and the FLT3 ligand. These findings suggest that FLT3+DCs could emerge as a novel target for mitigating immune rejection in LT.
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Células Dendríticas , Rechazo de Injerto , Trasplante de Hígado , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Linfocitos T Reguladores , Tirosina Quinasa 3 Similar a fms , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Animales , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Tirosina Quinasa 3 Similar a fms/metabolismo , Humanos , Rechazo de Injerto/inmunología , Rechazo de Injerto/prevención & control , Masculino , Ratones , Hígado/inmunología , Femenino , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Células Cultivadas , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Proteínas de la MembranaRESUMEN
Decreasing the graft size in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) increases the risk of early allograft dysfunction. Graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR) of 0.8 is considered the threshold. There is evidence that smaller volume grafts may also provide equally good outcomes, the cut-off of which remains unknown. In this retrospective multicenter study, 92 adult LDLTs with a final GRWR ≤0.6 performed at 12 international liver transplant centers over a 3-year period were included. Perioperative data including preoperative status, portal flow hemodynamics (PFH) and portal flow modulation, development of small for size syndrome (SFSS), morbidity, and mortality was collated and analyzed. Thirty-two (36.7%) patients developed SFSS and this was associated with increased 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year mortality. The preoperative model for end-stage liver disease and inpatient status were independent predictors for SFSS (P < .05). Pre-liver transplant renal dysfunction was an independent predictor of survival (hazard ratio 3.1; 95% confidence intervals 1.1, 8.9, P = .035). PFH or portal flow modulation were not predictive of SFSS or survival. We report the largest ever multicenter study of LDLT outcomes using ultralow GRWR grafts and for the first time validate the International Liver Transplantation Society-International Living donor liver transplantation study group-Liver Transplantation Society of India consensus definition and grading of SFSS. Preoperative recipient condition rather than GRWR and PFH were independent predictors of SFSS. Algorithms to predict SFSS and LT outcomes should incorporate recipient factors along with GRWR.
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as a downstaging or bridging therapy for liver transplantation (LT) in hepatocellular carcinoma patients are rapidly increasing. However, the evidence about the feasibility and safety of pre-LT ICI therapy is limited and controversial. To this end, a multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted in 11 Chinese centers. The results showed that 83 recipients received pre-LT ICI therapy during the study period. The median post-LT follow-up was 8.1 (interquartile range 3.3-14.6) months. During the short follow-up, 23 (27.7%) recipients developed allograft rejection, and 7 of them (30.4%) were diagnosed by liver biopsy. Multivariate logistics regression analysis showed that the time interval between the last administration of ICI therapy and LT (TLAT) ≥ 30 days was an independent protective factor for allograft rejection (odds ratio = 0.096, 95% confidence interval 0.026-0.357; P < .001). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that allograft rejection was an independent risk factor for overall survival (hazard ratio = 9.960, 95% confidence interval 1.006-98.610; P = .043). We conclude that patients who receive a pre-LT ICI therapy with a TLAT shorter than 30 days have a much higher risk of allograft rejection than those with a TLAT longer than 30 days. The presence of rejection episodes might be associated with higher post-LT mortality.
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BACKGROUND: Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a pulmonary vascular complication of chronic liver disease, which develops insidiously as a result of chronic liver disease. The prognosis for untreated patients with HPS is extremely poor, and liver transplantation (LT) serves as the only effective means for treating this condition. Here, we performed a retrospective analysis to evaluate the efficacy of LT on the survival and long-term prognosis of patients with HPS. METHODS: Clinical data, including survival and postoperative efficacy, from patients with HPS from records as obtained over the period from January 1 to December 31, 2022. All records were from a waiting list for LT at the Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University. RESULTS: Among the 274 patients on the LT waiting list, 37 were diagnosed with HPS (13.50%) and were enrolled. Survival rates of patients with HPS receiving an LT were greater, whereas a statistically significant difference was obtained between patients with LT vs non-LT with moderate to severe HPS (P = .003). The overall time until death without LT was 4-72 days after their initial HPS diagnosis. Patients with HPS receiving an LT showed a significant improvement in the state of oxygenation after surgery (P = .001). CONCLUSION: Comprehensive preoperative screening of patients on the waiting list for LT is critical to identify those patients with HPS who would maximally benefit from LT. Survival rates of patients with moderate to severe HPS are significantly increased after LT, a procedure that should be performed as soon as possible in these patients with HPS.
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Síndrome Hepatopulmonar , Trasplante de Hígado , Humanos , Síndrome Hepatopulmonar/cirugía , Síndrome Hepatopulmonar/mortalidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto , Listas de Espera , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
ZnO quantum dots (QDs) supported on porous nitrogen-doped carbon (ZnOQDs/P-NC) exhibited excellent electrochemical performance for the electroreduction of CO2 to CO with a faradaic efficiency of 95.3% and a current density of 21.6 mA cm-2 at -2.2 V vs. Ag/Ag+.
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Nanozymes with peroxidase-like activity have been extensively studied for colorimetric biosensing. However, their catalytic activity and specificity still lag far behind those of natural enzymes, which significantly affects the accuracy and sensitivity of colorimetric biosensing. To address this issue, we design PdSn nanozymes with selectively enhanced peroxidase-like activity, which improves the sensitivity and accuracy of a colorimetric immunoassay. The peroxidase-like activity of PdSn nanozymes is significantly higher than that of Pd nanozymes. Theoretical calculations reveal that the p-d orbital hybridization of Pd and Sn not only results in an upward shift of the d-band center to enhance hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) adsorption but also regulates the O-O bonding strength of H2O2 to achieve selective H2O2 activation. Ultimately, the nanozyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been successfully developed to sensitively and accurately detect the prostate-specific antigen (PSA), achieving a low detection limit of 1.696 pg mL-1. This work demonstrates a promising approach for detecting PSA in a clinical diagnosis.
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Técnicas Biosensibles , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Masculino , Humanos , Antígeno Prostático Específico , Inmunoensayo/métodos , Antioxidantes , Peroxidasas , Colorimetría/métodos , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodosRESUMEN
Lithium-sulfur batteries have garnered significant attention as a promising next-generation battery technology due to their potential for high energy density. However, their practical application is hampered by slow reaction kinetics and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide intermediates. In this context, the authors introduce a pioneering solution in the form of a novel porous carbon nanostructure modified with samarium oxide, denoted as Sm2O3/KB. The material has a highly polar surface, allowing lithium polysulfide to be chemisorbed efficiently. The unsaturated sites provided by the oxygen vacancies of Sm2O3 promote Li2S nucleation, lowering the reaction energy barrier and accelerating Li2S dissolution. The porous structure of Ketjen Black provides a highly conductive channel for electron transport and effectively traps polysulfides. Meanwhile, the batteries with Sm2O3/KB/PP spacers exhibited remarkable electrochemical performances, including a low-capacity decay rate of only 0.046 % for 1000 cycles at 2â C and an excellent multiplicative performance of 624â mAh g-1 at 3â C. This work opens up a new avenue for the potential use of rare-earth-based materials in lithium-sulfur batteries.
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BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation (LT) has been proposed as a viable treatment option for selected methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) patients. However, there are still controversies regarding the therapeutic value of LT for MMA. The systematic assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL)-targeted MMA children before and after LT is also undetermined. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the long-term impact of LT on MMA, including multiorgan sequelae and HRQoL in children and families. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 15 isolated MMA patients undergoing LT at our institution between June 2013 and March 2022. Pre- and post-transplant data were compared, including metabolic profiles, neurologic consequences, growth parameters, and HRQoL. To further assess the characteristics of the HRQoL outcomes in MMA, we compared the results with those of children with biliary atresia (BA). RESULTS: All patients had early onset MMA, and underwent LT at a mean age of 4.3 years. During 1.3-8.2 years of follow-up, the patient and graft survival rates were 100%. Metabolic stability was achieved in all patients with liberalized dietary protein intake. There was a significant overall improvement in height Z scores (P = 0.0047), and some preexisting neurological complications remained stable or even improved after LT. On the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) generic core scales, the mean total, physical health, and psychosocial health scores improved significantly posttransplant (P < 0.05). In the family impact module, higher mean scores were noted for all subscales post-LT, especially family function and daily activities (P < 0.01). However, the total scores on the generic core scales and transplant module were significantly lower (Cohen's d = 0.57-1.17) when compared with BA recipients. In particular, social and school functioning (Cohen's d = 0.86-1.76), treatment anxiety, and communication (Cohen's d = 0.99-1.81) were far behind, with a large effect size. CONCLUSIONS: This large single-center study of the mainland of China showed an overall favorable impact of LT on isolated MMA in terms of long-term survival, metabolic control, and HRQoL in children and families. The potential for persistent neurocognitive impairment and inherent metabolic fragility requires long-term special care. Video Abstract (MP4 153780 KB).
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Obesity is closely related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although sex differences in body fat distribution have been well demonstrated, little is known about the sex-specific associations between adipose tissue and the development of NAFLD. Using community-based cohort data, we evaluated the associations between magnetic resonance imaging-quantified areas of abdominal adipose tissue, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and incident NAFLD in 2830 participants (1205 males and 1625 females) aged 55-70 years. During a 4.6-year median follow-up, the cumulative incidence rates of NAFLD increased with areas of VAT and SAT both in males and females. Further analyses showed that the abovementioned positive associations were stronger in males than in females, especially in participants under 60 years old. In contrast, these sex differences disappeared in those over 60 years old. Furthermore, the risk of developing NAFLD increased nonlinearly with increasing fat area in a sex-specific pattern. Additionally, sex-specific potential mediators, such as insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and adipokines, may exist in the associations between adipose tissue and NAFLD. This study showed that the associations between abdominal fat and the risk of NAFLD were stratified by sex and age, highlighting the potential need for sex- and age-specific management of NAFLD.
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Amino acids (AAs) in the d-form are involved in multiple pivotal neurological processes, although their l-enantiomers are most commonly found. Mass spectrometry-based analysis of low-abundance d-AAs has been hindered by challenging enantiomeric separation from l-AAs, low sensitivity for detection, and lack of suitable internal standards for accurate quantification. To address these critical gaps, N,N-dimethyl-l-leucine (l-DiLeu) tags are first validated as novel chiral derivatization reagents for chromatographic separation of 20 pairs of d/l-AAs, allowing the construction of a 4-plex isobaric labeling strategy for enantiomer-resolved quantification through single step tagging. Additionally, the creative design of N,N-dimethyl-d-leucine (d-DiLeu) reagents offers an alternative approach to generate analytically equivalent internal references of d-AAs using d-DiLeu-labeled l-AAs. By labeling cost-effective l-AA standards using paired d- and l-DiLeu, this approach not only enables absolute quantitation of both d-AAs and l-AAs from complex biological matrices with enhanced precision but also significantly boosts the combined signal intensities from all isobaric channels, greatly improving the detection and quantitation of low-abundance AAs, particularly d-AAs. We term this quantitative strategy CHRISTMAS, which stands for chiral pair isobaric labeling strategy for multiplexed absolute quantitation. Leveraging the ion mobility collision cross section (CCS) alignment, interferences from coeluting isomers/isobars are effectively filtered out to provide improved quantitative accuracy. From wild-type and Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse brains, we successfully quantified 20 l-AAs and 5 d-AAs. The significant presence and differential trends of certain d-AAs compared to those of their l-counterparts provide valuable insights into the involvement of d-AAs in aging, AD progression, and neurodegeneration.
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Aminoácidos , Proteómica , Animales , Ratones , Aminoácidos/análisis , Proteómica/métodos , Leucina/química , Aminas , Cromatografía Liquida/métodosRESUMEN
Objectives: This systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature on factors influencing the quality of life in living liver donors post-donation and to provide a reference for developing targeted interventions in clinical practice. Methods: A systematic search guided by the PRISMA 2020 approach was performed on specific databases: PubMed, EMBASE, CINHAL with full text, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses databases. Peer-reviewed articles published in English from inception to October 2022 covering cross-sectional studies and longitudinal studies on factors affecting the quality of life of living liver donors after donation were included in this systematic review. The methodological quality of the studies was examined using a modified version of the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool. Results: A total of 6,576 studies were retrieved, and 16 eligible studies were finally included. Four types of independent influencing factors: sociodemographic (gender, donor age, education, ethnicity, and marital status), donation-related (length of hospital stay and number of hospitalizations/hospital visits related to donation surgery, recipient outcome, time from donation, complications, donation decision, ambivalence about donating, donor-recipient relationship), health-related (body mass index and pre-donation physical symptoms), and psychosocial (pre-donation physical and mental score, household income, anxiety, depression), were extracted from the included studies. Several studies consistently identified old age, recipient death, recent donation, postoperative complications experienced by donors, and donor concerns about their well-being as negative influencing factors on physical function. Female donors, low education levels, longer hospital stays, and/or more hospital visits due to donation, poor recipient outcome, recent donation, pre-donation concerns regarding their well-being, and first-degree relative and spouse/partner donors were reported in several studies as negative predictors for psychological status. Factors affecting social function were considered by only two included articles. Conclusions: The quality of life of living liver donors could be affected by both donation surgery and psychosocial factors. Based on the above-influencing factors, clinical nurses can develop targeted interventions to improve the quality of life of living liver donors.
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AIMS: To designed a new model using pre-transplant data to predict post-transplant mortality for Chinese population and compared its performance to that of existing models. METHODS: In this multicenter study, 544 recipients of liver transplants for non-tumor indications were enrolled in the training group and 276 patients in the validation group. The new Simplified Mortality Prediction Scores (SMOPS) model was compared to the MELD and four existing models using the C-statistic. RESULTS: SMOPS model used 6 independent pre-transplantation risk factors screened from the training group (chronic liver failure/organ failure scores, fever > 37.6 â, ABO blood-type compatibility, arterial lactate level, leukocyte count and re-transplantation). The SMOPS accurately predicted patients' 30-day, 90-day and 365-day mortality following liver transplantation, and its' scores were more accurate than those of the other models. The SMOPS generated four levels of risk: low risk (<10 points), moderate risk (11-20 points), high risk (21-25 points) and futile risk (≥26 points). The survival within all risk levels was not different between MELD=40 and MELD<40. The survival within moderate-, high- or extreme-risk ALF was not different between ALF and non-ALF. CONCLUSION: The SMOPS model uses pre-transplant risk factors to stratify post-transplant survival and is superior to current models for Chinese population, and has the potential to contribute to improvements in organ-allocation policies.
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Development of highly sensitive and accurate biosensors still faces a great challenge. Herein, glucose oxidase (GOx) is efficiently immobilized on the AuCu hydrogels owing to their porous structure and interfacial interaction, demonstrating enhanced catalytic activity, satisfactory stability and recyclability. Besides, by integration of AuCu@GOx and electrochromic material of Prussian blue, a sensitive and stable biosensing platform based on the excellent electrochromic property of Prussian blue and the enhanced enzyme activity of AuCu@GOx is developed, which enables the electrochemical and visual dual-mode detection of glucose. The as-constructed biosensing platform possesses a wide linear range, and good selectivity for glucose detection with a limit of detection of 0.82 µM in visual mode and 0.84 µM in electrochemical mode. This easy-to-operate biosensing platform opens a door for the practical application of the multi-mode strategy for glucose detection.