Exposure to the herbicide atrazine induces oxidative imbalance, morphological damage and decreased survival in juvenile fish

Synthetic herbicides have been intensively used in weed control, although often involved in environmental contamination, critically affecting non-target species. However, never was investigated the effect of commercial formulation using atrazine on developing juvenile fish exposed for 35 days. Juveniles (Astyanax altiparanae) (n = 600) were assigned to the following ATZ-exposed groups: 0 (CTR-control), 0.56 (ATZ0.56), 1.00 (ATZ1.00), 1.66 (ATZ1.66) and 11.66 (ATZ11.66) µg/L. We found a 36.6% decrease in juvenile survival rate in the ATZ11.66 group compared to control and other groups. Juveniles from ATZ11.66 also showed hyperglycemia and increased cortisol levels. Increased the imbalance oxidative with an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and Carbonylated proteins levels markers in muscle, gills, and liver. We also found increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) in gills and SOD and catalase (CAT) in muscles from ATZ11.66 fish, and increased glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in the liver from all exposed groups compared to control. The morphological consequences of this were loss of secondary lamella integrity, increased mucus-secreting cells, hyperplasia, and lamellar fusion, as well as increased aneurysms percentage. The liver showed vascular congestion associated with endothelial hyperplasia, steatosis, and a decrease in the nuclei percentage. Our results showed that exposure to a commercial formulation of ATZ at 11.66 µg/L can be causing an imbalance in the oxidative markers and morphological damages and decreased survival in a juvenile Neotropical species of great ecological relevance and commercial interest.

Short-term intake of deltamethrin-contaminated fruit, even at low concentrations, induces testicular damage in fruit-eating bats (Artibeus lituratus).

Deltamethrin (DTM) is a pyrethroid insecticide widely used for agricultural purposes. Exposure to DTM has proven to be harmful to humans, but whether low, environmental concentrations of this pesticide also poses a threat to wild mammals is still unknown. In Neotropical areas, bats play important roles in contributing to forest regeneration. We investigated the effects of DTM exposure on the reproductive function of male Neotropical fruit-eating bats (Artibeus lituratus), known for contributing to reforestation through seed dispersal in Neotropical Forests. Bats were assigned to 3 groups: control (fed with papaya); DTM2 (fed with papaya treated with DTM at 0.02 mg/kg) and DTM4 (fed with papaya treated with DTM at 0.04 mg/kg) for seven days. Bats from DTM2 and DTM4 groups showed increased testicular levels of nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The germinal epithelium from DTM4 bats showed non-viable cells and cell desquamation, indicating microscopic lesions and Leydig cells atrophy. Our results demonstrate the onset of cell degeneration that may affect the reproductive function in DTM exposed bats.

Effect of conjugated linoleic acid feeding periods on fatty acid profile and nutritional quality of Astyanax altiparanae / Efeito do tempo de alimentação com ácido linoleico conjugado no perfil de ácidos graxos e qualidade nutricional de Astyanax altiparanae

The effects of feeding diets with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to Astyanax altiparanae for different periods were investigated on carcasses’ fatty acid profile and nutritional quality. The trial was laid out in a complete randomized design with eight feeding periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 days) and four replicates. A total of 240 fish (3.4 ± 0.3 g) were distributed into four aquariums and fed with the diet containing 32% crude protein, 15 MJ kg-1 gross energy, and 2.5% of CLA. Feeding CLA diet for 49 days resulted in the higher deposition of CLA, CLA isomers, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The isomer c9,t11 was highly deposited than the t10,c12. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-3, and n-6 increased with feeding period, whereas saturated (SFA), monounsaturated, and medium-chain fatty acids decreased. PUFA/SFA ratio, DHA/EPA, EPA+DHA, and thrombogenicity index increased linearly. Whereas atherogenicity index reduced, hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio increased in quadratic effects over feeding time. No difference was observed for the n-6/n-3 ratio. Feeding A. altiparanae with 2.5% of CLA for a minimum of 35 days improves the fatty acid profile and provides a commercial product with good nutritional quality and functional benefits.

Os efeitos da alimentação com dietas contendo ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) por diferentes períodos foram investigados no perfil de ácidos graxos e na qualidade nutricional das carcaças de Astyanax altiparanae. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente causalizado com oito períodos de alimentação (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 e 49 dias) e quatro repetições. Um total de 240 peixes (3,4 ± 0,3 g) foram distribuídos em quatro aquários e alimentados com dieta contendo 32% de proteína bruta, 15 MJ kg-1 de energia bruta e 2.5% de CLA. A alimentação com CLA por 49 dias resultou em maior deposição de CLA, isômeros e ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA). O isômero c9,t11 foi mais depositado do que o t10,c12. Os ácidos graxos n-3 e n-6 aumentaram com o período de alimentação, enquanto os ácidos graxos saturados (SFA), monoinsaturados e de cadeia média diminuíram. A razão PUFA/SFA, DHA/EPA, EPA + DHA e índice de trombogenicidade aumentaram linearmente. Enquanto o índice de aterogenicidade reduziu, a razão hipocolesterolêmica/hipercolesterolêmica aumentou em efeito quadrático com o aumento do tempo de alimentação com CLA. Nenhuma diferença foi observada para a razão n-6/n-3. Assim, a alimentação de A. altiparanae com 2.5% de CLA por um mínimo de 35 dias melhora o perfil de ácidos graxos e fornece um produto comercial com boa qualidade nutricional e benefícios funcionais.

Effect of conjugated linoleic acid feeding periods on fatty acid profile and nutritional quality of Astyanax altiparanae / Efeito do tempo de alimentação com ácido linoleico conjugado no perfil de ácidos graxos e qualidade nutricional de Astyanax altiparanae

The effects of feeding diets with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to Astyanax altiparanae for different periods were investigated on carcasses fatty acid profile and nutritional quality. The trial was laid out in a complete randomized design with eight feeding periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 days) and four replicates. A total of 240 fish (3.4 ± 0.3 g) were distributed into four aquariums and fed with the diet containing 32% crude protein, 15 MJ kg-1 gross energy, and 2.5% of CLA. Feeding CLA diet for 49 days resulted in the higher deposition of CLA, CLA isomers, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The isomer c9,t11 was highly deposited than the t10,c12. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-3, and n-6 increased with feeding period, whereas saturated (SFA), monounsaturated, and medium-chain fatty acids decreased. PUFA/SFA ratio, DHA/EPA, EPA+DHA, and thrombogenicity index increased linearly. Whereas atherogenicity index reduced, hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio increased in quadratic effects over feeding time. No difference was observed for the n-6/n-3 ratio. Feeding A. altiparanae with 2.5% of CLA for a minimum of 35 days improves the fatty acid profile and provides a commercial product with good nutritional quality and functional benefits.(AU)

Os efeitos da alimentação com dietas contendo ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) por diferentes períodos foram investigados no perfil de ácidos graxos e na qualidade nutricional das carcaças de Astyanax altiparanae. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente causalizado com oito períodos de alimentação (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 e 49 dias) e quatro repetições. Um total de 240 peixes (3,4 ± 0,3 g) foram distribuídos em quatro aquários e alimentados com dieta contendo 32% de proteína bruta, 15 MJ kg-1 de energia bruta e 2.5% de CLA. A alimentação com CLA por 49 dias resultou em maior deposição de CLA, isômeros e ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA). O isômero c9,t11 foi mais depositado do que o t10,c12. Os ácidos graxos n-3 e n-6 aumentaram com o período de alimentação, enquanto os ácidos graxos saturados (SFA), monoinsaturados e de cadeia média diminuíram. A razão PUFA/SFA, DHA/EPA, EPA + DHA e índice de trombogenicidade aumentaram linearmente. Enquanto o índice de aterogenicidade reduziu, a razão hipocolesterolêmica/hipercolesterolêmica aumentou em efeito quadrático com o aumento do tempo de alimentação com CLA. Nenhuma diferença foi observada para a razão n-6/n-3. Assim, a alimentação de A. altiparanae com 2.5% de CLA por um mínimo de 35 dias melhora o perfil de ácidos graxos e fornece um produto comercial com boa qualidade nutricional e benefícios funcionais.(AU)

Effects of Curcuma longa rhizome on growth, skin pigmentation, and stress tolerance after transport of Trichogaster labiosa

We aimed to evaluate the effects of Curcuma longa as growth promoter, skin pigmentation enhancer, and stress reducer in diets of Trichogaster labiosa after transport. We used five diets containing 0.0, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, and 25.0 g kg−1 of turmeric rhizome powder. We observed quadratic effects of turmeric supplementation for feed intake, weight gain, final length, and specific growth rate. The estimated amount of turmeric that decreased these variables ranged from 15.53 to 16.39 g kg−1. Quadratic effects of supplementation of turmeric for cyan and black dorsal skin coloring indices were observed, with estimated values that increased these variables equal to 15.03 and 17.44 g kg−1, respectively. After fish transport, quadratic effects of turmeric were observed for the cyan and black dorsal skin depigmentation indices, with estimated values that increased these variables equal to 13.29 and 17.04 g kg−1, respectively. These results demonstrate that supplementation with turmeric at levels up to 17 g kg−1 causes further reduction in skin color due to the stress of transport. Thus, Curcuma longa acts neither as a growth promoter nor as a stress reducer for Trichogaster labiosa. Curcuma longa does not improve the orange pattern of skin pigmentation in the strain of T. labiosa orange thick-lipped gourami.(AU)

Curcuma longa as additive in the diet for Astyanax aff. bimaculatus.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) as additive in the diet for Astyanax aff. bimaculatus. Fish (0.83 ± 0.04 g) were fed, for 60 days, with six diets containing 0.0, 20.0, 40.0, 60.0, 80.0, and 100.0 g turmeric kg-1 feed. There was an increasing linear effect of turmeric on the thickness of the muscular layer, and height and width of the folds of the intestine. In the liver, a quadratic effect was observed of turmeric on the percentage of hepatocyte cytoplasm and a decreasing linear effect on the percentage of sinusoid capillaries. A quadratic effect was also observed of turmeric on the liver glycogen. There was no effect of turmeric on the antioxidant activity in the liver, carcass composition or productive performance of the fish. Thus, we concluded that Curcuma longa has trophic effects on the epithelium and the muscular layer of the intestine of A. aff. bimaculatus. Additionally, low levels of Curcuma longa cause increased deposition of liver glycogen and high levels cause reduction.

Dietary crude protein levels for juvenile Beta / Níveis de proteína bruta em dietas para juvenis de Beta

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary crude protein requirements of juvenile Betta splendens. Isocaloric diets were used with six levels (27, 31, 35, 39, 43 e 47%) of crude protein (CP) in entirely randomised design with four repetitions. Fish with an average weight of 0.11 ± 0.02g were fed three times a day for 30 days. At the end of the experiment were evaluated: survival rate (SR); weight gain (WG); feed intake (FI); protein intake (PI); feed conversion (FC); protein efficiency ratio (PER); and specific growth rate (SGR). For FI, FC and PER, a negative linear effect of dietary CP levels was observed (p < 0.05). A quadratic effect of dietary CP levels for SR, WG and SGR was also observed and the estimated values which maximise the respective parameters were 30.95, 33.13 and 29.55% of CP. Thus, we concluded that the requirement for protein for juvenile Betta splendens is between 30 and 33% CP.

Com o presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar as exigências por proteína bruta para juvenis de Betta splendens. Foram utilizadas dietas isocalóricas com seis níveis de proteína bruta (27, 31, 35, 39, 43 e 47%), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Peixes com peso médio de 0,11 ± 0,02g foram alimentados três vezes ao dia, por 30 dias. Ao final do experimento avaliou-se: taxa de sobrevivência (TS), ganho de peso (GP), consumo de ração (CR), consumo de proteína (CP), conversão alimentar (CA), taxa de eficiência protéica (TEP) e taxa de crescimento específico (TCE). Para os parâmetros de desempenho produtivo CR, CA e TEP observou-se efeito linear negativo dos níveis de proteína bruta na dieta (p < 0,05). Observou-se efeito quadrático dos níveis de proteína da dieta para TS, GP e TCE, sendo 30,95%, 33,13% e 29,55% de PB os valores estimados para maximizar os respectivos parâmetros de desempenho produtivo. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a exigência por proteína para juvenis de Betta splendens está entre 30 e 33% PB.

Dietary crude protein levels for juvenile Beta / Níveis de proteína bruta em dietas para juvenis de Beta

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary crude protein requirements of juvenile Betta splendens. Isocaloric diets were used with six levels (27, 31, 35, 39, 43 e 47%) of crude protein (CP) in entirely randomised design with four repetitions. Fish with an average weight of 0.11 ± 0.02g were fed three times a day for 30 days. At the end of the experiment were evaluated: survival rate (SR); weight gain (WG); feed intake (FI); protein intake (PI); feed conversion (FC); protein efficiency ratio (PER); and specific growth rate (SGR). For FI, FC and PER, a negative linear effect of dietary CP levels was observed (p < 0.05). A quadratic effect of dietary CP levels for SR, WG and SGR was also observed and the estimated values which maximise the respective parameters were 30.95, 33.13 and 29.55% of CP. Thus, we concluded that the requirement for protein for juvenile Betta splendens is between 30 and 33% CP.(AU)

Com o presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar as exigências por proteína bruta para juvenis de Betta splendens. Foram utilizadas dietas isocalóricas com seis níveis de proteína bruta (27, 31, 35, 39, 43 e 47%), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Peixes com peso médio de 0,11 ± 0,02g foram alimentados três vezes ao dia, por 30 dias. Ao final do experimento avaliou-se: taxa de sobrevivência (TS), ganho de peso (GP), consumo de ração (CR), consumo de proteína (CP), conversão alimentar (CA), taxa de eficiência protéica (TEP) e taxa de crescimento específico (TCE). Para os parâmetros de desempenho produtivo CR, CA e TEP observou-se efeito linear negativo dos níveis de proteína bruta na dieta (p < 0,05). Observou-se efeito quadrático dos níveis de proteína da dieta para TS, GP e TCE, sendo 30,95%, 33,13% e 29,55% de PB os valores estimados para maximizar os respectivos parâmetros de desempenho produtivo. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a exigência por proteína para juvenis de Betta splendens está entre 30 e 33% PB. (AU)

Transport of Astyanax altiparanae Garutti and Britski, 2000 in saline water / Transporte de Astyanax altiparanae Garutti and Britski, 2000 em água salinizada

Two experiments were performed. The first aimed to assess the tolerance of fingerlings Astyanax altiparanae to water salinity. Fish were exposed to salinity of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 or 15 g NaCl L-1 for 96 hours. The fish mortality was 0%, in the levels of 0, 3 and 6 g L-1; 75% in the level of 9 g L-1and 100% at 12 and 15 g L-1 of common salt. The second experiment aimed to assess the parameters of water quality, mortality and blood glucose during transport. For this, A. altiparanae were stored in plastic bags at 22, 30 and 37 g of fish L-1 stocking densities and salinity of 0, 3, 6 and 9 g L-1, for. Fish showed similar mortality levels in the different salinities and stocking densities. The increase in fish density reduced the dissolved oxygen levels and salinity decreased the pH. The blood glucose levels were higher in those fish with 0 g L-1 salinity and higher stocking densities. The addition of salt to the water reduces the stress responses of A. altiparanae during transport.

Foram realizados dois experimentos. O primeiro teve o objetivo de avaliar a tolerância de alevinos de Astyanax altiparanae a salinidade da água. Os peixes foram submetidos às salinidades de 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 ou 15 g de NaCl L-1 durante 96 horas. A mortalidade dos peixes foi de 0%, nos níveis de 0, 3 e 6 g L-1; de 75% no nível de 9 g L-1 e de 100% em 12 e 15 g L- 1 de NaCl. No segundo experimento, objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros de qualidade de água, mortalidade e a glicose sanguínea durante o transporte. Para isso, A. altiparanae foram estocados em sacos plásticos nas densidades de 22, 30 e 37 g de peixe L-1 e salinidades de 0, 3, 6 e 9 g de NaCl L-1. A mortalidade foi semelhante nas diferentes salinidades e densidades de estocagem. O aumento da densidade de peixes reduziu o nível de oxigênio dissolvido e a salinidade da água reduziu o pH. Os níveis de glicose sanguínea foram maiores nos peixes expostos a salinidade de 0 g L-1 e nas maiores densidades de estocagem. A adição de sal na água reduz as respostas de estresse em A. altiparanae durante o transporte.

Processing yield and chemical composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with regard to body weight / Rendimentos do processamento e composição química de truta arco-íris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) em relação ao peso corporal

The influence of weight (W) category of the rainbow trout on processing yield and chemical composition of the entire eviscerated fish and fish fillet was analyzed. A completely randomized design was employed for processing variables (W1 = 300 to 370 g and W2 = 371 to 440) coupled to a 2 x 2 factorial scheme for the chemical composition (W1 and W2 and forms of presentation: fillet and whole eviscerated fish). W1 showed higher yield for entire eviscerated fish (83.00%) and head (13.27%), but a lower yield for the viscera (17.00%), when compared to W2. We did not affect abdominal muscle yield, fillet with or without skin, skin percentage and residues. There were significant differences between W for moisture (W1 = 72.30% and W2 = 71.15%) and lipids (CP1 = 7.96% and CP2 = 9.04%) rates. Fillet moisture contents (73.74%) and crude protein (19.05%) were higher (p 0.01) than for entire eviscerated fish (69.71% and 17.81%, respectively). Ash (2.15%) and lipid (10.48%) rates were higher (p 0.01) for entire fish when compared to those of fillets (1.16% and 6.52%, respectively). The slaughter of fish weighing between 300 and 370 g and their fillets are more adequate for the market.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a influência da categoria de peso (CP) da truta arco-íris sobre o rendimento do processamento e a composição centesimal do peixe inteiro eviscerado e do filé. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado para as variáveis do processamento (CP1 = 300 a 370 g e CP2 = 371 a 440 g) e em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 para composição centesimal (CP1 e CP2 e formas de apresentação (filé e peixe inteiro eviscerado). CP1 apresentou superior rendimento do peixe inteiro eviscerado (83,00%) e cabeça (13,27%), porém inferior para vísceras (17,00%), quando comparados à CP2. A CP não influenciou no rendimento dos músculos abdominais, filé com pele e sem pele, porcentagem de pele e resíduos. Houve diferenças significativas entre as CP para os teores de umidade (CP1 = 72,30% e CP2 = 71,15%) e lipídios (CP1 = 7,96% e CP2 = 9,04%). A umidade (73,74%) e a proteína bruta (19,05%) dos filés foram superiores (p 0,01) do que para peixes inteiros eviscerados (69,71% e 17,81%, respectivamente). Teores de cinzas (2,15%) e lipídios (10,48%) foram superiores (p 0,01) para peixes inteiros em relação aos filés (1,16% e 6,52%, respectivamente). Sugere-se o abate dos peixes com peso entre 300 a 370 g e a apresentação em filé como mais adequada para o consumo.

Processing yield and chemical composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with regard to body weight

The influence of weight (W) category of the rainbow trout on processing yield and chemical composition of the entire eviscerated fish and fish fillet was analyzed. A completely randomized design was employed for processing variables (W1 = 300 to 370 g and W2 = 371 to 440) coupled to a 2 x 2 factorial scheme for the chemical composition (W1 and W2 and forms of presentation: fillet and whole eviscerated fish). W1 showed higher yield for entire eviscerated fish (83.00%) and head (13.27%), but a lower yield for the viscera (17.00%), when compared to W2. We did not affect abdominal muscle yield, fillet with or without skin, skin percentage and residues. There were significant differences between W for moisture (W1 = 72.30% and W2 = 71.15%) and lipids (CP1 = 7.96% and CP2 = 9.04%) rates. Fillet moisture contents (73.74%) and crude protein (19.05%) were higher (p < 0.01) than for entire eviscerated fish (69.71% and 17.81%, respectively). Ash (2.15%) and lipid (10.48%) rates were higher (p < 0.01) for entire fish when compared to those of fillets (1.16% and 6.52%, respectively). The slaughter of fish weighing between 300 and 370 g and their fillets are more adequate for the market. 

Processing yield and chemical composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with regard to body weight / Rendimentos do processamento e composição química de truta arco-íris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) em relação ao peso corporal

The influence of weight (W) category of the rainbow trout on processing yield and chemical composition of the entire eviscerated fish and fish fillet was analyzed. A completely randomized design was employed for processing variables (W1 = 300 to 370 g and W2 = 371 to 440) coupled to a 2 x 2 factorial scheme for the chemical composition (W1 and W2 and forms of presentation: fillet and whole eviscerated fish). W1 showed higher yield for entire eviscerated fish (83.00%) and head (13.27%), but a lower yield for the viscera (17.00%), when compared to W2. We did not affect abdominal muscle yield, fillet with or without skin, skin percentage and residues. There were significant differences between W for moisture (W1 = 72.30% and W2 = 71.15%) and lipids (CP1 = 7.96% and CP2 = 9.04%) rates. Fillet moisture contents (73.74%) and crude protein (19.05%) were higher (p 0.01) than for entire eviscerated fish (69.71% and 17.81%, respectively). Ash (2.15%) and lipid (10.48%) rates were higher (p 0.01) for entire fish when compared to those of fillets (1.16% and 6.52%, respectively). The slaughter of fish weighing between 300 and 370 g and their fillets are more adequate for the market.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a influência da categoria de peso (CP) da truta arco-íris sobre o rendimento do processamento e a composição centesimal do peixe inteiro eviscerado e do filé. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado para as variáveis do processamento (CP1 = 300 a 370 g e CP2 = 371 a 440 g) e em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 para composição centesimal (CP1 e CP2 e formas de apresentação (filé e peixe inteiro eviscerado). CP1 apresentou superior rendimento do peixe inteiro eviscerado (83,00%) e cabeça (13,27%), porém inferior para vísceras (17,00%), quando comparados à CP2. A CP não influenciou no rendimento dos músculos abdominais, filé com pele e sem pele, porcentagem de pele e resíduos. Houve diferenças significativas entre as CP para os teores de umidade (CP1 = 72,30% e CP2 = 71,15%) e lipídios (CP1 = 7,96% e CP2 = 9,04%). A umidade (73,74%) e a proteína bruta (19,05%) dos filés foram superiores (p 0,01) do que para peixes inteiros eviscerados (69,71% e 17,81%, respectivamente). Teores de cinzas (2,15%) e lipídios (10,48%) foram superiores (p 0,01) para peixes inteiros em relação aos filés (1,16% e 6,52%, respectivamente). Sugere-se o abate dos peixes com peso entre 300 a 370 g e a apresentação em filé como mais adequada para o consumo.(AU)

Transport of Astyanax altiparanae Garutti and Britski, 2000 in saline water / Transporte de Astyanax altiparanae Garutti and Britski, 2000 em água salinizada

Two experiments were performed. The first aimed to assess the tolerance of fingerlings Astyanax altiparanae to water salinity. Fish were exposed to salinity of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 or 15 g NaCl L-1 for 96 hours. The fish mortality was 0%, in the levels of 0, 3 and 6 g L-1; 75% in the level of 9 g L-1and 100% at 12 and 15 g L-1 of common salt. The second experiment aimed to assess the parameters of water quality, mortality and blood glucose during transport. For this, A. altiparanae were stored in plastic bags at 22, 30 and 37 g of fish L-1 stocking densities and salinity of 0, 3, 6 and 9 g L-1, for. Fish showed similar mortality levels in the different salinities and stocking densities. The increase in fish density reduced the dissolved oxygen levels and salinity decreased the pH. The blood glucose levels were higher in those fish with 0 g L-1 salinity and higher stocking densities. The addition of salt to the water reduces the stress responses of A. altiparanae during transport.(AU)

Foram realizados dois experimentos. O primeiro teve o objetivo de avaliar a tolerância de alevinos de Astyanax altiparanae a salinidade da água. Os peixes foram submetidos às salinidades de 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 ou 15 g de NaCl L-1 durante 96 horas. A mortalidade dos peixes foi de 0%, nos níveis de 0, 3 e 6 g L-1; de 75% no nível de 9 g L-1 e de 100% em 12 e 15 g L-1 de NaCl. No segundo experimento, objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros de qualidade de água, mortalidade e a glicose sanguínea durante o transporte. Para isso, A. altiparanae foram estocados em sacos plásticos nas densidades de 22, 30 e 37 g de peixe L-1 e salinidades de 0, 3, 6 e 9 g de NaCl L-1. A mortalidade foi semelhante nas diferentes salinidades e densidades de estocagem. O aumento da densidade de peixes reduziu o nível de oxigênio dissolvido e a salinidade da água reduziu o pH. Os níveis de glicose sanguínea foram maiores nos peixes expostos a salinidade de 0 g L-1 e nas maiores densidades de estocagem. A adição de sal na água reduz as respostas de estresse em A. altiparanae durante o transporte.(AU)