[Experience in the use of the Soviet ultrasonic devices "Ritm" and "Ekran" in cardiosurgical practice]. / Opyt ispol'zovaniia otechestvennykh ul'trazvukovykh priborov "Ritm" i "Ekran" v kardiokhirurgicheskoi klinike.

The study is performed to evaluate opportunities of the echotacho-cardiograph Ritm in detecting the velocify of ventricular wall motions by using the Doppler effect and the echocardioscope Ekran++ that provides display and photography of the heart in the B-mode. In combination with a focusing probe, Ritm is a portable, easy in operation model. When operating with a high frequency recorder it indicates the Doppler signals from different myocardium sites at all stages of the surgical intervention. With the model Ekran++ one can display the heart in real time during surgery as well as evaluate anatomic and dynamic interactions between various cardiac structures that is of great importance in making decisions on surgical tactics and methods.

[Topography of the contours of the inner surface of the wall of the left ventricle of the heart in systole]. / Topografiia rel'efa vnutrennei poverkhnosti stenki levogo zheludochka serdtsa v faze diastoly.

Chosen at random 38 diastolic preparations of human hearts from persons having not any cardiac pathology, as demonstrate the postmortem examination, have been investigated. The left ventricle casts have been made during the first 24 hours after death according to a strictly fixed technique by means of filling the cardiac chambers with polymere mass--protacryl--under a physiological pressure of the diastolic filling. The trabecules are arranged as a spiral from the apex of the ventricle up to the atrioventricular fibrous ring, with approaching the apex the spiral step increases and the trabecules straighten. The left ventricle cast is devided into some planes, the envelopes and the trabecularity lines are measured. Average values of the shift in the trabecularity lines I, II, III and in the cross sections B, C, D, E are defined in relation to the plane A and in every case in relation to the previous plane Cn-1. The data obtained are presented in tables and diagrams. The greatest shift demonstrate the trabecularity lines I running predominantly along the posterior wall of the left ventricle in the planes B and which are situated nearer to the atrioventricular ring projection. Owing to the presence of the spiral-shaped course of the trabecules, it is possible to suppose that it influences the blood stream twisting clockwise in the left ventricle during the diastole phase. This indicates the necessity to work out some new constructions of artificial cardiac valves, securing the twisted blood stream. The condition mentioned should be taken into consideration while making prostheses of the cardiac valves.

[Relief of the internal surface of the left-ventricular wall at different phases of cardiac activity and its functional role]. / Rel'ef vnutrennei poverkhnosti stenki levogo zheludochka serdtsa v razlichnoi faze serdechnoi deiatel'nosti i ego funktsional'noe znachenie.

The work has investigated 33 preparations of the heart taken at random from people who died not of a heart pathology. The heart chambers were filled with protacryl . It was shown that when changing from systole to diastole a rotating clockwise movement of ventricle walls took place round its long axis. The fact is of great importance for the formation of the intracardiac hemodynamics. It should be taken into consideration when prosthesing the valves and developing new designs of the artificial heart valves responsible for twisted blood flow.

[Diagnosis and treatment of myxomas of the left atrium]. / Diagnostika i lechenie miksom levogo predserdiia.

Two patients with myxomas of the left atrium stimulating mitral stenosis are described. The observations are analyzed. Recommendations for the diagnosis of left atrium myxomas by the methods of cineangiocardiography and echocardiography are given. The methods of operative treatment include ablation of the tumor under conditions of the artificial blood circulation with dissection of the tumor base within the limits of health tissues.

[Peridural anesthesia during mitral commissurotomy on patients in the late stages of the disease]. / Peridural'naia anesteziia pri mitral'noi komissurotomii u bol'nykh v pozdnikh stadiiakh zabolevaniia.

Peridural anesthesia in T1--T6 regions was used together with general anesthesia in closed mitral commisurotomy in 40 patients with the disease in stages 4 and 5. The study was aimed at the evaluation of the effect of peridural anesthesia upon hemodynamics, gas exchange, adrenal cortex function, energy exchange in the myocardium and the evaluation of its expediency for these patients. The authors studied hemodynamic alterations (HR, AP, CVP, MV, CBV etc.), changes of acid-base equilibrium and in the blood gases, concentration of summary 11-oxycorticosteroids in the blood plasma and of creatinophosphate in the myocardium left auricle. On the grounds of these studies the authors have come to some practically important conlusions.

[Temporal characteristics of the movement of the cut-off elements of artificial heart valves in a pulsing flow]. / Issledovanie vremennýkh kharakteristik dvizheniia zapiraiushchikh élementov iskusstvennykh klapanov serdtsa v pul'siruiushchem potoke.

A comparative investigation of time characteristics of the movement of artificial heart valves with spherical, hemispherical and lentil-shaped obturative elements under non-stationary conditions was carried out. It has been found that it is practically impossible to avoid the delay in the valve closing and opening, as well as the regurgitation phenomena, on the valve prothesis, due to the inertia of obturative elements and attached masses. A searching for new models of the heart valves should go on.

[Pressure distribution on the surface of the cut-off elements of artificial heart valves]. / Raspredelenie davleniia na poverkhnosti zapiraiushchikh élementov iskusstvennykh klapanov serdtsa.

With hydroaerodynamic investigations into pressure distribution on the surface of blocking components in artificial cardiac valves in the shape of a sphere, semisphere, lens and a disc opening at an angle serving as a basis a quantitative evaluation of the arrangement for the flow separation, evacuation peak regions and congestion zones is given. The highest velocity, greatest evacuation and shear stress occur in a flow-past of a valve having a shape of the lens. The disc valve opening at an angle, as concerns its hydrodynamic characteristics, is superior to the valves of all the other designs considered in the present work.

[Comparative hydrodynamic study of artificial heart valves in pulsating flow]. / Sravnitel'noe gidrodinamicheskoe issledovanie iskusstvennykh klapanov serdtsa v pul'siruiushchem potoke.

A comparative hydrodynamic study of artificial heart valves with spherical, hemispherical and lentil-shaped obturative elements has been carried out under the non-stationary conditions. The valves resistance coefficient is higher in the lentil-shaped valves. With the increase of pulse rate the stroke volume of the valves of all the types drops, and the regurgitation increases.

[Surgery of pancreatic adenomas]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie adenomy podzheludochnoi zhelezy.

Twenty four patients were operated upon for pancreatic adenoma (9 males and 15 females), in one of them malignant adenoma being noted. As evidenced by the authors' findings resection of the gland with adenoma is the method of choice. In single cases enucleation is felt to be permissible if adenoma is localized superficially in the head and body of the gland. The immediate issues of the operation are as follows: 22 patients were discharged in a satisfactory condition, 2 patients died. Complications were noted in 6 patients. Late results in 18 patients for the period from 8 to 22 years are good.

[Results of preventive examination of women to detect breast diseases]. / Rezul'taty profilakticheskogo obsledovaniia zhenshchin na vyiavlenie zabolevanii molochnykh zhelez

As a result of prophylactic examination of 2577 working females, aged from 17 to 65 years, pathological changes in the mammary gland were detected in 79. Fibrous mastopathy and fibroadenoma were the most frequent pathology. Mastopathy was frequently noted in females aged from 35 to 50 years, while fibroadenoma - in females under 25. Mammary gland pathology in 25.3% of cases was associated with gynecological lesions.

[Late results of surgical treatment of mitral stenosis].

An analysis of late results of closed mitral commissurotomy in 408 patients with the follow-up period to 18 years is presented. As pinpointed further late results of mitral commissurotomy were found to depend on the degree of stenosis of left atrioventricular orifice and concomitant mitral insufficiency, on how radical the operation was, on the presence of gross morphological changes in the valve, the stage of the disease, the activity of rheumatic process, patients' age and terms of observation. The predisposing factors and causes of restenosis of left atrioventricular valve are characterized.

[Causes of recurrences of mitral stenosis]. / Prichiny mitral'nykh restenozov

The authors present an analysis of the late results of closed mitral commissurotomy in 364 patients (maximum terms of observation--17 years). Main causes of recurrent mitral stenosis were recognized: activation of a rheumatic process (50%), nonspecific scarring processes (27%), inadequate commissurotomies (11.1%) and others (11.1%). The routine antirheumatic therapy (bicillin+salicylates) was found to be ineffective in prophylaxis against mitral restenoses. Recurrent mitral stenosis proved to occur more frequently in patients operated upon in young age (under 30).