Severe Acute Lung Injury After H2O2 Irrigation of an Aneurysmal Bone Cyst in an 8-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report.

An 8-year-old girl developed severe acute lung injury after irrigation of a pelvic aneurysmal bone cyst with H2O2 and filling with bone cement. Sudden profound oxygen desaturation occurred on the operating table when the patient was turned from the prone to the supine position. After a brief improvement in her oxygenation, the girl developed rapidly progressing severe respiratory failure necessitating reintubation and hour-long manual ventilation, while copious amounts of hemorrhagic frothy fluids were aspirated through the endotracheal tube. The patient started to improve after 24 hours and eventually made a full recovery. We hypothesize that the incident was caused by gas embolization and pulmonary endothelial damage by H2O2.

"Chaotic Arrhythmia" During Successful Resuscitation After Ingestion of Yew (Taxus baccata) Needles.

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to describe the management of a case of life-threatening yew (Taxus baccata) intoxication. BACKGROUND: The needles of the yew tree contain highly cardiotoxic taxines. Intoxication with taxines, typically as part of suicide attempts, may lead to potentially lethal arrhythmias which often require prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation and other supportive measures. No specific therapy has been described. In some cases, extracorporeal life support has been used. CASE: After an attempted suicide with yew needles and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, a female adolescent was resuscitated for 6 hours according to Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support guidelines. Complex ventricular tachycardias were treated by repeated direct current shocks and broad complex bradycardia managed with transvenous cardiac pacing. Antiarrhythmic drugs (amiodarone, lidocaine), magnesium sulfate, and supportive measures (intravenous lipids, sodium bicarbonate) were provided. The arrhythmias finally resolved, and the patient did not show any significant neurological or cardiac short-term sequelae after 24 hours. RESULTS: The authors describe the successful management of a case of severe taxine intoxication by prolonged conventional advanced cardiac life support lasting for more than 6 hours. CONCLUSIONS: In life-threatening yew intoxication, prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation is absolutely essential owing to the long duration of the cardiotoxic action of taxines and can lead to an outcome without cardiac or neurological sequelae.

Efficacy and Safety of Ibuprofen in Infants Aged Between 3 and 6 Months.

Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug frequently administered to children of various ages for relief of fever and pain and is approved as an over-the-counter medication in many countries worldwide. Although there are extensive data on its efficacy and safety in children and adults, there are divergent dosing recommendations for analgesia and treatment of fever in infants, especially in the age group between 3 and 6 months of age. In this article, we have assessed the safety and efficacy of ibuprofen use in infants in an attempt to find the optimal method of pain and fever management in this specific age group. Based on the current evidence, short-term use of ibuprofen is considered safe in infants older than 3 months of age having a body weight above 5-6 kg when special attention is given to the hydration of the patient. Ibuprofen should be prescribed based on body weight using a dose of 5-10 mg/kg. This dose can be administered 3-4 times a day resulting in a maximum total daily dose of 30-40 mg/kg. The rectal route has been shown to be less reliable because of erratic absorption, especially in young infants. Since most efficacy and safety data have been derived from trials in infants with fever, future studies should focus on the efficacy of ibuprofen in young infants with pain.

Incremental cost-effectiveness of drug-eluting stents compared with a third-generation bare-metal stent in a real-world setting: randomised Basel Stent Kosten Effektivitäts Trial (BASKET).

BACKGROUND: No prospective trial-based data are available for incremental cost-effectiveness of drug-eluting stents (DES) compared with bare-metal stents (BMS) in unselected patients, as treated in everyday practice. METHODS: The Basel stent cost-effectiveness trial (BASKET) included 826 consecutive patients treated with angioplasty and stenting for 1281 de-novo lesions, irrespective of indication for angioplasty. Patients were randomised to one of two DES (Cypher, n=264; Taxus, n=281) or to a cobalt-chromium-based BMS (Vision, n=281) and followed up for 6 months for occurrence of major adverse cardiac events and costs. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. The primary endpoint was cost-effectiveness after 6 months, with effectiveness defined as reduction of major adverse cardiac events. FINDINGS: Cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularisation occurred in 39 of 544 (7.2%) patients with DES and 34 of 280 (12.1%) with BMS (odds ratio 0.56, 95% CI 0.35-0.91; p=0.02), without significant differences between the two DES. Total costs at 6 months were higher with DES (mean 10,544, SD 6849) than with BMS (9639, 9067; p<0.0001); higher stent costs of DES were not compensated for by lower follow-up costs. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of DES compared with BMS to avoid one major event was 18,311, and costs per quality-adjusted life-year gained were more than 50 000. Subgroup analyses showed that DES were more cost-effective for elderly patients in specific high-risk groups. INTERPRETATION: In a real-world setting, use of DES in all patients is less cost effective than in studies with selected patients. Use of these stents could be restricted to patients in high-risk groups.

Evidence for left ventricular remodeling after percutaneous coronary intervention: effect of percutaneous coronary intervention on left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes.

BACKGROUND: Post-stress ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic (ESV) volumes by gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) are well validated, reproducible and of prognostic significance. However, little is known about the impact of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on left ventricular volumes and remodeling. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients who underwent MPS before and 6 months after PCI were evaluated. MPS were interpreted deriving summed stress (SSS), rest (SRS) and difference (SDS = SSS-SRS; extent of ischemia) scores. EF, EDV and ESV were generated by QGS trade mark. Pre-PCI MPS were compared to post-PCI MPS. RESULTS: Single vessel disease was present in 63% of patients. PCI of one vessel was performed in 82% of patients. After 6 months, SSS (10.6 +/- 6.3 vs. 2.8 +/- 4.3, p < 0.001) and SDS (8.2 +/- 5.6 vs. 1.4 +/- 2.3, p < 0.001) had improved; however, EF did not change significantly (55 +/- 10 vs. 57 +/- 13, p = ns). Still, EDV (105 +/- 25 ml vs. 96 +/- 25 ml, p = 0.006) and ESV (49 +/- 19 ml vs. 41 +/- 18 ml, p = 0.001) were significantly reduced. CONCLUSION: Results of MPS documented the beneficial effect of PCI on symptoms and extent of ischemia. In addition, the findings showed a significant decrease in ESV and EDV after PCI as compared to pre-PCI findings which points to a positive effect on left ventricular remodeling even in the absence of significant changes in EF.

Long-term outcome of patients with silent versus symptomatic ischemia six months after percutaneous coronary intervention and stenting.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the incidence of silent ischemia versus symptomatic ischemia six months after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and its impact on prognosis and to test the utility of myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), or MPS, for risk stratification in these patients. BACKGROUND: Silent ischemia is frequent after PCI. However, little is known about silent ischemia and long-term outcome after PCI and stenting. METHODS: In 356 consecutive patients with successful PCI and stenting and follow-up MPS after six months, long-term follow-up (4.1 +/- 0.3 years) was performed. The MPS images were interpreted by defining summed stress, rest, and difference scores (summed difference score [SDS] = extent of ischemia) and related to symptoms and outcome. Critical events included cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization. RESULTS: Eighty-one patients (23%) had evidence of target vessel ischemia, which was silent in 62%. The only independent predictor of silent ischemia was SDS (odds ratio 0.64, p = 0.001). During follow-up, 67 critical events occurred. For patients with an SDS of 0, 1-4, and >4, the critical event rates were 17%, 29%, and 69%, respectively. Similarly, patients without ischemia, silent ischemia, and symptomatic ischemia had 17%, 32%, and 52% of critical events, respectively. Diabetes (relative risk 1.98, p = 0.03) and SDS (relative risk 1.2, p < 0.001) were independent predictors of critical events. The MPS image added incremental information for the prediction of critical events. CONCLUSIONS: Six months after PCI and stenting, 23% of patients had target vessel ischemia, which was silent in 62%. Silent ischemia predicted a worse outcome than did no ischemia and tended to have a better outcome than symptomatic ischemia. This was closely related to the extent of ischemia. The SDS added incremental value to pre-scan findings with respect to diagnosis and prognosis, indicating the utility of MPS for risk stratification after PCI and stenting.