Bifurcation of the mandibular canal according to sex, age, and facial skeletal pattern: a morphological and morphometric study of cone beam computed tomography.

PURPOSE: To assess the presence of mandibular canal bifurcation (BMC) and classify these variations by correlating findings with sex, age and facial skeletal pattern, measurements were made, including height, width, and distance from bifurcation to anatomical cortical bones. METHODS: BMC was identified in cone beam CT exams of 301 patients and classified according to its origin, location, direction, configuration and ending. The height and width of the MC before and after the bifurcation; height and width of the BMC; and distance from BMC to alveolar (C1), buccal (C2), lingual (C3) and basal (C4) bone cortices were measured. All data were correlated with sex, age, and facial skeletal pattern (class I, II, III). The significance level was 5%. RESULTS: 67 BMC (22.26%) were identified in 55 patients (18.28%). Bifurcations were more prevalent in females (p = 0.57), aged 18-39 years (p = 0.40), class I (p = 0.77). Single bifurcations, located in the posterior region of the mandible, originating in the MC, with a superior direction and ending in the retromolar foramen were more prevalent (p > 0.05). Mean cortical measurements were higher in male individuals, with significant differences only at C1 (p = 0.03). The mean height and width of BMC were 2.24 (± 0.62) and 1.75 (± 0.45) mm. There was no association between BMC classification and the variables studied (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Approximately 1/5 of the population studied had BMC. There were no associations of BMC presence or characteristics with sex, age, and facial skeletal pattern. The distance from bifurcation to alveolar (superior) cortical bone is greater in male individuals.

Correlation between the presence of the median perforating canal in adults with sex, age and skeletal facial patterns: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of the median perforating canal (MPC) and its morphometric measurements in Cone Beam CT (CBCT) scans of adult patients, correlating the findings with sex, age and skeletal facial patterns. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 717 CBCT scans were selected from a Brazilian population and the presence of the MPC was recorded. MPC diameter was measured in three points: lingual, medial and buccal. To determine the correlation between MPC presence and sex, age and ANB angle classifications the Chi-square test was performed. MPC diameters were related to sex, age and skeletal discrepancies using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The level of significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS: Of the 717 CBCT scans analyzed, the MPC was present in 181 patients (25.24%), 279 (38.91%) men and 438 (61.09%) women. The mean age was 37.91 (±14.46) years old, ranging from 18 to 88 years old. There were no differences in the presence of MPC between women and men (p = 0.85), between skeletal discrepancies (p = 0.09) and age groups (p = 0.94). Regarding the MPC diameter, statistical difference was found only for the medial diameter between sexes (p = 0.04), with the highest values in men. CONCLUSION: The MPC was detected in 25.24% of the studied population, with significant differences only for its medial diameter in men.

Inflammatory and developmental odontogenic cysts: 23-year observational and retrospective study / Cistos odontogênicos inflamatórios e de desenvolvimento: estudo observacional e retrospectivo de 23 anos

Objective: This observational and retrospective study evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of odontogenic cysts, outlining the epidemiological profile of these lesions. Material and methods: The following data were collected from the medical records of patients with a diagnosis confirmed by microscopy: age, sex, ethnicity, anatomical location, histopathological diagnosis and treatment, between 1995 and 2018. Results: Of the 70 cysts, 75.7% were inflammatory and 24.2% development. The inflammatory periapical cyst was the most prevalent (62.8%) followed by the dentigerous cyst (71.0%). The lateral radicular cysts and odontogenic keratocysts obtained the same percentage (5.7%), followed by the residual cyst (4.3%), paradental (2.8%) and the orthokeratinized variable (1.5%). Women were slightly more affected (1.12: 1) with greater involvement of leucodermas (80%). Age and anatomical location differed according to each lesion, although the anterior maxilla region was more affected. Enucleation was the most used treatment (75.7%), except for odontogenic keratocysts, in which marsupialization was performed in 75% of the cases. Conclusion: Epidemiological data provide an important insight into the prevalence, extent and severity of these lesions, allowing early diagnosis and prevention, in order to guarantee the reduction of cases and improve the quality of life of the population.

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência e características dos cistos odontogênicos de forma observacional e retrospectiva, delineando o perfil epidemiológico destas lesões. Material e Métodos: Foram coletados os seguintes dados dos prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado microscopicamente: idade, sexo, etnia, localização anatômica, diagnóstico histopatológico e tratamento, entre os anos de 1995 a 2018. Resultados: Dos 70 cistos, 75,7% eram inflamatórios e 24,2% de desenvolvimento. O cisto periapical inflamatório foi o mais prevalente (62,8%) seguido pelo cisto dentígero (71,0%). O cisto radicular lateral e queratocisto odontogênico obtiveram o mesmo percentual (5,7%), seguidos do cisto residual (4,3%), paradentário (2,8%) e a variável ortoqueratinizada (1,5%). As mulheres foram ligeiramente mais afetadas (1,12:1) com maior acometimento de leucodermas (80%). Idade e localização anatômica diferiram de acordo com cada lesão, embora a região anterior de maxila tenha sido mais afetada. A enucleação foi o tratamento mais utilizado (75,7%), exceto para o queratocisto odontogênico, no qual a marsupialização foi realizada em 75% dos casos. Conclusão: Os dados epidemiológicos fornecem uma visão importante para o entendimento da prevalência, extensão e gravidade dessas lesões, viabilizando o diagnóstico precoce e medidas preventivas, a fim de garantir a redução dos casos e melhorar a qualidade de vida da população.