RESUMEN
Combretum duarteanum Cambess. is found in South America, particularly in Bolivia, Paraguay, and Brazil. In Paraiba state (Brazil), the species usually occurs in the Caatinga biome. It is popularly known as mofumbo, cipiúba, or cipaúba. This work aims to evaluate the gastroprotective activity and the cytoprotective mechanisms of the ethanolic extract (Cd-EtOHE) and hexane phase (Cd-HexP) obtained from the leaves of C. duarteanum. Doses at 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of Cd-EtOHE and Cd-HexP were tested in models of gastric ulcers induced by HCl/ethanol, absolute ethanol, stress, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and pylorus ligation in male rats or mice. Cd-EtOHE and Cd-HexP significantly reduced gastric injuries induced in all models. Cd-EtOHE and Cd-HexP did not alter gastric juice parameters such as pH, [H(+)], or volume after pylorus ligation. Cytoprotective mechanisms of Cd-EtOHE and Cd-HexP in relation to mucus, nitric oxide (NO), and sulfhydryl (SH) groups were evaluated. Neither product increased the mucus, and they both showed dependence on NO and SH groups to prevent gastric ulcer. Both Cd-EtOHE and Cd-HexP demonstrated gastroprotective activity.
Asunto(s)
Antiulcerosos/farmacología , Combretum/química , Úlcera Gástrica/prevención & control , Animales , Antiulcerosos/química , Antiulcerosos/aislamiento & purificación , Citoprotección , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Etanol/química , Mucosa Gástrica/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Hexanos/química , Masculino , Ratones , Moco/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta , Plantas Medicinales , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Solventes/química , Úlcera Gástrica/etiología , Úlcera Gástrica/metabolismo , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/metabolismoRESUMEN
Inflammation is a complex event linked to tissue damage whether by bacteria, physical trauma, chemical, heat or any other phenomenon. This physiological response is coordinated largely by a variety of chemical mediators that are released from the epithelium, the immunocytes and nerves of the lamina propria. However, if the factor that triggers the inflammation persists, the inflammation can become relentless, leading to an intensification of the lesion. The present work is a literature survey of plant extracts from the South American continent that have been reported to show anti-inflammatory activity. This review refers to 63 bacterial families of which the following stood out: Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae and Celastraceae, with their countries, parts used, types of extract used, model bioassays, organisms tested and their activity.