Dental anomalies in non-syndromic orofacial clefts: A clinical approach.

Orofacial clefts (OC) represent some of the most common congenital malformations and affect multiple structures in the craniofacial region. There are a wide range of morphological OC types within the spectrum of both non-syndromic OC (NSOC) and syndromic OC, including cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and palate, (CLP), and cleft palate (CP). Here, we describe the most frequent dental anomalies seen in the permanent dentition of individuals with NSOC, comparing them between the three main cleft types (CL, CLP, and CP). We present these findings from the perspective of prevalence relating to each anomaly, as well as the clinical characteristics and potential impact on the rehabilitation process. The investigation of dental anomalies associated with NSOC is important, helping to expand the phenotypic characterization of NSOC, improve the initial diagnostics, and establish appropriate rehabilitation and counseling.

Cervical vertebrae anomalies and cleft lip and palate: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association of congenital cervical vertebrae anomalies (CVA) with the prevalence of cleft lip and palate (CLP) specifying the most frequent associations. METHODS: A meta-analysis was based on the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. A search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus and Lilacs database was performed until March 2018. Clinical studies that evaluated CVA in individuals with CLP (experimental group) and without CLP (control group) was included. For the statistical analysis, the software Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Biostat; Englewood, NJ) was used, with a p-value < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 10 articles were included, for a total of 2566 individuals with CLP and 2301 individuals without CLP. The meta-analysis indicated statistically significant differences and the group of individuals with CLP had an increased number of CVA when compared to the group of individuals without CLP (p < 0.05; 95% confidence interval, 2.41-6.11; heterogeneity: Q-value 32.8, I2 72.6%). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that CVA are associated with the presence of CLP. Among the patients with CVA the most frequent anomalies were the deficiency of the posterior arch, followed by the fusion of cervical vertebrae. Individuals with cleft palate and those with unilateral cleft lip and palateCLP had an increased prevalence of CVA.

Evaluation of Interforaminal Mandible Region of Individuals With Pierre Robin Sequence and Treacher Collins Syndrome Through the Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

The Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) and the Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) are conditions that cause significant abnormalities of jaw. This study was conducted in anticipation of evaluating the morphology of interforaminal region and identify the anatomic variations: anterior loop and mandibular incisive canal, in individuals with PRS and TCS by cone-beam computed tomography and compare them with individuals without craniofacial anomalies. By applying the t-test, the results showed no statistically significant difference, allowing to infer that there are no significant differences in interforaminal mandible morphology between groups and indicated that the prevalence and location of the studied anatomic variations are consistent with those described in literature.

Transmigration of mandibular second premolar in a patient with cleft lip and palate--case report.

Disturbances involving abnormalities in tooth eruption are named ectopia. Transmigration is the name assigned to ectopia in the presence of teeth in areas distant from the alveolar process. Initial angulation of the tooth bud of the second premolar and premature loss of permanent mandibular 1st molars can influence the distal migration of the second premolar. Some studies have observed that ectopic teeth can be found in a variety of places around the oral cavity and also in other areas of the human body. There are records of teeth in the maxillary sinus, mandibular condyle, coronoid process, mandibular angle, orbit, palate, mentum and also the skin. The prevalence of tooth abnormalities is higher in children with cleft lip and palate compared to children without clefts. This paper presents a case report of migration of the mandibular left second premolar in a patient attending the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies of the University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP), Brazil. Migration of the mandibular left 2nd premolar was confirmed by 8 panoramic and 1 periapical radiographs obtained during patient's treatment between 1978 and 2002, which were available in the files of the Department of Dental Radiology of HRAC/USP. It can be assumed that distal migration of the mandibular left 2nd premolar is not associated with presence of cleft lip and palate; observation of these two events in a same patient is rare, since no similar reported cases were found in the literature.