Physical quality of irrigated soil of Rio Grande do Sul State-Brazil / Qualidade física de solos irrigados do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

Irrigated areas are characterized by an intensification of the land use, and as consequence, an intense use of the soil. This usually results in a higher pressure of the soil structure degradation, causing many times soil compaction. The objective of this study was to conduct a soil physical characterization of irrigated areas of Rio Grande do Sul State-Brazil and collect informations necessary to guide soil management decisions. The soil profile was divided in to three soil layers: superficial, intermediate and inferior. The following determinations were conducted: soil texture, bulk density (Bd), particles density and soil porosity. Soil types were grouped in ranges of clay content. For each clay content, a critical value of Bd and soil macroporosity (Macro) were established (when the result of soil was the Bd and below the macro) to classify the soil as compacted. The majority of soil samples colleted was classified in the range of 400-500 g Kg-1 of clay content in the superficial and intermediate soil layers and in the range higher than 700 g Kg-1 in the inferior soil layer. Considering the entire area sampled, 66.5% of the samples presented indication of soil compaction in the superficial layer, 20.5% in the intermediate layer and 9.5% in the inferior layer.(AU)

As áreas irrigadas caracterizam-se pela intensificação dos cultivos e, por conseqüência, por uma intensa utilização do solo. Isso resulta em uma maior pressão de degradação da estrutura do solo, ocasionando muitas vezes a compactação dos solos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracterização física dos solos irrigados de algumas regiões do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com vistas a promover uma base de informações para orientar a tomada de decisões relativas ao manejo de áreas irrigadas. Os perfis dos solos foram divididos em três camadas: (superficial, intermediária e inferior), nas quais determinaram-se a textura do solo, a densidade do solo (Ds) e de partículas e porosidade. Os solos foram agrupados em faixas de teor de argila, sendo que, para cada faixa de teor de argila, estabeleceu-se um valor crítico de densidade do solo (Ds) e de macroporosidade (Macro). As amostras com valores DS maiores que o valor cítrico e com valores de macro menores que o valor cítrico foram caracterizados com indicação de compactação. As amostras de solo coletadas foram classificadas, com maior freqüência na faixa de 400-500g kg-1 de argila, nas camadas superficial e intermediária e na faixa de argila superior a 700g kg-1 na camada inferior. Do total das áreas amostradas, 66,5% apresentaram indicação de compactação do solo na camada superficial, 20,5% na camada intermediária e 9,5% na cama(AU)

Primary meningeal Burkitt-type lymphoma presenting as the first clinical manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

The purpose of this study is to report a rare case of primary meningeal high grade Burkitt-type lymphoma presenting as the first clinical manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A 38-year-old Caucasian man, with a negative past medical history, sought treatment after experiencing global headache for five days. CT-Scan revealed a right front-temporo-parietal hyperdense subdural expansive mass. A craniotomy was performed and a hard white subdural was microsurgically dissected. Some hours after the surgery, the patient developed hemispheric cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension syndrome. Decompressive craniotomy was performed and the patient had an excellent recovery. Screening blood tests diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus infection. Further investigation ruled out systemic diseases. Eleven days after the initial surgery, the patient developed an acute respiratory failure and sepsis, dying on that day. Pathological studies diagnosed Burkitt-type lymphoma.