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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (REMSD) for 5 days on depressive-like behavior and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) expression in the amygdale of mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adult male C57BL/6J mice were divided into blank control group, control group and REMSD group. REMSD models were established by a modified multiple small platform method. The mice were examined for locomotive activity in open field test (OFT) and for depressive-like behavior in forced swimming test (FST) and sucrose preference test (SPT) after treatment. After all the tests, the protein and mRNA expressions of MAOA in the amygdala were detected with Western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>REMSD for 5 days significantly impaired the locomotive activity of the mice, which was obvious in 1 to 3 days after REMSD. The locomotive activity became normal on day 4 after the 5-day REMSD. The immobility time of the mice was lengthened in days 7 to 14 (P<0.01), and sucrose preference rate was reduced significantly in days 8 and 9 (P<0.01). The expression level of MAOA in the amygdala was increased significantly after the 5-day REMSD (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>REMSD for 5 days causes delayed depressive-like behavior in mice possible in relation with the increased expression of MAOA in the amygdale.</p>
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Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Depresión , Psicología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Privación de Sueño , Psicología , Sueño REMRESUMEN
Objective To ascertain pathogenic ingredients in cosmetics resulting in dermatosis in Changning District of Shanghai. Methods By means of questionnaire, a survey was done among volunteers ,with the history of unwelcome cosmetic reactions in ten communities of Changning District of Shanghai.They received cosmetic series diagnostic patch test. Results Of a total of 122 volunteers,34 were observed with positive reactions, the positive rate being 27.87%.The top five antigens in positive rates were Shellac, Thimerosal, Methylisothiazolinone +Methylchloro -isothiazolinone, Dodecyl Gallate, and Sorbitan Sesquioleate.Meanwhile, The top five different categories of antigens in positive rates were preservatives,colorants,emulsifying agent, antioxidant and surfactant.There were no significant differences found between genders and ages. Conclusion Patch test is an important basis for diagnosis of cosmetic dermatosis.By large sample investigation, common cosmetic pathogenic ingredients in Shanghai can be determined.Then, pathogenic database can be established, which is important in active prevention of cosmetic dermatosis.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of positive nutritional support in the early stage after birth on the nutritional status during hospitalization and extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) in preterm infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>There were two groups of preterm infants. Group A (n=99) was given the previous nutritional program, while group B (n=101) was given positive nutritional support. The nutritional intake, growth rate and EUGR incidence were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with group A, group B had significantly higher enteral calorie intake and total calorie intake within one week after birth. Additionally, the age of first feeding, time of regaining birth weight, duration of intravenous nutrition, time to full enteral feeding, and length of hospital stay in group B were all shorter than in group A. Group B also had less physiological weight loss than group A. Among the preterm infants with a gestational age less than 32 weeks, group B had faster increases in body weight, head circumference, and body length and a lower incidence of EUGR compared with group A. Among the preterm infants with a gestational age not less than 32 weeks, group B had faster increases in body weight and a lower incidence of EUGR (evaluated based on body weight and head circumference) compared with group A. During hospitalization, group B had significantly lower incidence of feeding intolerance, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis than group A.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Positive nutritional support strategy, applied in preterm infants early after birth, can effectively improve their nutritional status during hospitalization and reduce the incidence of EUGR without increasing the incidence of related complications during hospitalization.</p>
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Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Hospitalización , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Apoyo NutricionalRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the influence of exogenous putrescine and cadaverine on pro-inflammatory factors in the peripheral blood of rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty ordinary adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into saline, necrotic tissue homogenate (NTH), putrescine, and cadaverine groups according to the random number table, with 10 rabbits in each group. Saline, NTH, 10 g/L putrescine, and 10 g/L cadaverine were respectively peritoneally injected into rabbits of corresponding group in the amount of 1 mL/kg. The blood sample in the volume of 2 mL was collected from the central artery of rabbit ears before injection and at 2, 6, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60 hours post injection (PIH). Contents of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 in the serum were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were processed with repeated measurement data analysis of variance and Spearman correlation analysis, and cubic model curve was applied in curve fitting for the contents of inflammatory factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The serum contents of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 were increased in NTH, putrescine, and cadaverine groups in different degrees at most post injection time points. There was no significant change in the concentrations of the three pro-inflammatory factors in saline group, and they were significantly lower than those of the other three groups at most post injection time points (with F values from 3.49 to 13.58, P values all below 0.05). The serum contents of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 in putrescine group began to increase at PIH 2, 6, and 6, which was similar to the trend of NTH group, but the changes were delayed compared with those of cadaverine group(all at PIH 2). The peak values of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 in putrescine group were respectively (339 ± 36), (518 ± 44), and (265.9 ± 33.5) pg/mL, which were significantly lower than those of cadaverine group [ (476 ± 86), (539 ± 22), and (309.4 ± 27.1) pg/mL], with F values respectively 5.11, 1.90, and 5.56, P values all below 0.05. (2) The period of time in which contents of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 began to increase (PIH 3-4) and the peaking time of the three pro-inflammatory cytokines (PIH 18-30) in putrescine group appeared later than those of cadaverine group (PIH 2 and 12-30). The duration of peaking time of the three pro-inflammatory cytokines in putrescine group was shorter than that of cadaverine group (PIH 18-30 vs. PIH 12-30). The increasing period and the duration of peaking time of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 in putrescine group were close to those of NTH group (PIH 3-5 and 18-30). The correlation coefficient test analysis showed that the trends of changes in contents of three pro-inflammatory cytokines in putrescine group were significantly correlated with those of NTH group (r(TNF-α) = 0.933, P < 0.01; r(IL-1) = 0.967, P < 0.01; r(IL-6) = 0.950, P < 0.01). The obvious correlation between cadaverine group and NTH group was only found in the contents of IL-1 and IL-6 (r(IL-1) = 0.913, P < 0.01; r(IL-6) = 0.883, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both exogenous putrescine and cadaverine can cause inflammatory reaction in rabbits. The trend of the inflammatory reaction induced by putrescine was similar with that by NTH, suggesting that putrescine may play a leading role in the inflammatory reaction induced by necrotic tissue decomposition.</p>
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Animales , Conejos , Cadaverina , Inflamación , Sangre , Interleucina-1 , Sangre , Interleucina-6 , Sangre , Necrosis , Sangre , Putrescina , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , SangreRESUMEN
Skin damage caused by a single specific stimulus has been extensively studied. However, many additional mild skin irritants are experienced every day before obvious irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) appears. The effect that these previously experienced mild irritations have on the incidence and severity of sequential ICD remains undefined. The purpose of this work was to explore whether the effects of skin barrier damage induced by either the open patch test with 1% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), tape stripping test (TAP) (10×), or irradiation with 0.75 median erythemal dose UVB (MED) will affect the severity of sequential irritant dermatitis induced by a 0.5% SLS occlusive patch test (PT). Nine treatments were applied to nine different locations of the ventral forearm of each subject at random. The nine treatment types were as follows: open patch test with 1% SLS; 10× TAP; UVB irradiation with 0.75 MED; open patch test with 1% SLS + PT with 0.5% SLS (SLSPT); 10× TAP + PT with 0.5% SLS (TAPPT); UVB irradiation with 0.75 MED + PT with 0.5% SLS (UVPT); PT with distilled water (DISPT); PT with 0.5% SLS (PT); and the CONTROL (no treatment). After 5 days of subclinical irritation, the PT was applied on day 6. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), capacitance (CAP), and skin color (a*) were measured at baseline and on days 6, 7, and 8. After the PT, indices of irritancy of PT, UVPT, SLSPT, and TAPPT were 60, 80, 87 and 100%, respectively. The index of irritancy of TAPPT and SLSPT were significantly higher than that of PT (p < 0.05). Clinical scores of SLSPT and TAPPT were also significantly higher than PT (p < 0.05). After 5 days of irritation, TEWL of SLS, TAP, SLSPT, and TAPPT were increased significantly compared to that of baseline. After the PT, D-value of TEWL between day 8 and day 6 ((≥6-8)TEWL) of SLSPT and TAPPT were greater than that of PT, and D-value of TEWL between day 8 and day 7 ((≥7-8)TEWL) of SLSPT and TAPPT were less than that of PT values. After the PT, a* values of SLSPT, TAPPT and PT all increased. The D-value of a* between day 8 and day 6 ((≥6-8)a*) of SLSPT and TAPPT were significantly greater than that of PT. After the PT, D-value of CAP between day 8 and day 6 ((≥6-8)CAP) of SLSPT was significantly different as compared to PT. The open patch test with 1% SLS and 10× TAP destroys the skin barrier and is able to significantly increase the irritancy and severity of sequential ICD by 0.5% SLS PT, and therefore influences the recovery speed of inflammation. The open patch test with 1% SLS, 10× TAP, and UVB irradiation with 0.75 MED affects the skin barrier to different degrees. TEWL is a sensitive biophysical parameter that can reflect mild damage to the skin barrier induced by subclinical irritation.
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Dermatitis Irritante/etiología , Dermatitis Irritante/patología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Piel/patología , Adulto , Dermatitis Irritante/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Irritantes/efectos adversos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Pruebas de Irritación de la Piel , Dodecil Sulfato de Sodio/efectos adversos , Cinta Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Rayos Ultravioleta , Pérdida Insensible de AguaRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To express and purify the fusion proteins of glutathione S-transferase (GST)-N-terminal of histone deacetylase4 (HDAC4-N') (1-1952 bp) and GST- C-terminal of HDAC4 (HDAC4-C') (1708-3255 bp) in E.coli.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The DNA fragments (HDAC4-N' and HDAC4-C') amplified by PCR were ligated into GST fusion vector (pGEX-6P-1) to construct the recombinant plasmids. After identification with restriction digestion and DNA sequencing, the recombinant plasmids were transformed into E.coli BL21 and induced by IPTG for their expression. After identification by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, the target proteins were purified by glutathione sepharose 4B.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of restriction digestion and DNA sequencing confirmed successful construction of the recombinant plasmids. The relative molecular masses of the fusion proteins were approximately 110500 and 93080 as shown by SDS-PAGE. Western blotting demonstrated that the fusion proteins could be recognized by the specific anti-HDAC4 antibody.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We have successfully constructed the recombinant expression vectors of pGEX-6P-1/HDAC4-N' and pGEX-6P-1/HDAC4-C' and induced the expression of the fusion proteins, which may facilitate functional studies of HDAC4 with other proteins.</p>
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Humanos , Escherichia coli , Genética , Metabolismo , Vectores Genéticos , Genética , Glutatión Transferasa , Genética , Histona Desacetilasas , Genética , Fragmentos de Péptidos , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión , Genética , Proteínas Represoras , GenéticaRESUMEN
The expression of heat shock proteins(HSPs) can protect against acute lung injury(ALI).However,HSPs are restrained from clinical application due to the toxicity of most of the former inductors.Glutamine,which also has the ability to induce the expression of HSPs,can protect against ALI and sepsis,and may serve as a candidate for clinical application.
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Objective To investigate the in vivo effects of glutamine(Gln) on inflammatory cytokine release in murine peritoneal macrophages during sepsis. Methods Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into sham-operation group(Sham group,n=20),operation control group(Con group,n=20) and Gln-treatment group(Gln group,n=20).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture in Gln group and Con group,and Gln(0.75 g/kg) or saline was immediately administered via single tail vein injection.Serum was collected and macrophages were harvested from peritoneal lavage at 6 h in these three groups.Intracellular and serum cytokines of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?),interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-10 were detected by ELISA.The expression of TNF-? mRNA in macrophages was analyzed by RT-PCR,and the expression of heat shock protein(HSP) 72 in macrophages was evaluated by Western blotting. Results Gln group demonstrated significantly lower intracellular TNF-? and IL-6 levels than Con group(P0.05).The serum TNF-? level was significantly lower in Gln group than in Con group(P
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Objective To determine the status of false-positive report of congenital syphilis (CS),to analyze the possible causes of mis-diagnosis.Methods Basic information on CS in Shanghai in the past five years was collected.We identified infants diagnosed with CS and followed up the sero- logical reactivity of those patients and their mothers.The serological reactivity[rapid plasmin reagin (RPR)and treponema palidum hemagglutination assay(TPPA)]of infants was followed-up for up to 24 months,or until both antibodies turned to negative.The medical history of the mothers was col- lected,and their sera were examined for syphilitic antibodies.Results Total 99 infants diagnosed with CS were recruited. The major diagnostic method was treponemal antibody detection.Only 31.3% of the 99 infants exhibited clinical symptoms or syphilis-like symptoms at delivery.The cumu- lative RPR loss rates of the infants were 44.2%,64.0%,72.7%,83.9% and 87.1% at 1-3,3-6,6- 12,12-18 and 18-24 months after birth,respectively.The cumulative TPPA loss rates were 1.1%, 18.6%,44.6%,66.7% and 74.4% for 1-3,3-6,6-12,12-18 and 18-24 months after birth,respec- tively.TPPA remained positive in all mothers with syphilis.Conclusion The diagnosis of congenital syphilis determined solely by the positive tests of RPR and TPPA is unreliable and can be misdiagno- sis.The diagnosis and management of congenital syphilis should be urgently improved,and that the profes- sional health institutions should perform and closely monitor the quality controls in the diagnosis of CS and standardize the intervention strategy of maternal syphilis.