Experiences of a group of indigenous women from the Colombian Amazon with cervical cancer prevention screening. Qualitative study in the context of participatory research to reduce inequalities.

OBJECTIVES: Despite cervical cancer (CC) being a preventable disease, its incidence remains high in marginalized communities due to inequalities that restrict access to health services. This article investigates the experiences, perceptions, and attitudes regarding the screening of indigenous women in a region of the Colombian Amazon during a cervical cancer prevention initiative facilitated by community participation. DESIGN: Qualitative study based on interviews conducted with women and indigenous leaders from Paujil reserve. They participated in research focused on cervical cancer prevention, which employed a methodology of collaboration between academia and communities aimed at enhancing women's health and reducing inequalities in access to healthcare services. The analysis utilized a deductive and inductive approach. RESULTS: Five main themes were addressed: 'Barriers within health services'; 'Individual and cultural constraints'; 'Motivations and facilitators'; 'Positive experiences within the research framework'; and 'Suggestions for encouraging women's participation.' Challenges related to appointment scheduling and result delivery were frequently cited as obstacles to access. Misinformation, feelings of shame, fear, and distrust towards health services played significant roles in the reluctance to undergo screening. Factors such as support from family and community networks, respectful treatment, ease of scheduling appointments, the presence of female healthcare professionals, and involvement of leaders fluent in indigenous languages were identified as positive facilitators of screening acceptance. CONCLUSION: Understanding the factors that influence access to screening is crucial for reducing inequalities in service delivery for indigenous women. The involvement of trained leaders who can identify these factors and motivate women can have a positive impact on the acceptance and guidance of cervical cancer prevention programs.

Transdisciplinary research before, during and after COVID-19 vaccination in Chile: a virtuoso collaboration with future perspectives.

The COVID-19 pandemic presented numerous challenges that required immediate attention to mitigate its devastating consequences on a local and global scale. In March 2020, the Chilean government, along with health and science authorities, implemented a strategy aimed at generating relevant evidence to inform effective public health decisions. One of the key strengths of this strategy was the active involvement of the scientific community, employing transdisciplinary approaches to address critical questions and support political decision-making. The strategy promoted collaborations between the government, public and private institutions, and transdisciplinary academic groups throughout each phase of the pandemic. By focusing on pressing problems and questions, this approach formed the foundation of this report which reflects the collaborative effort throughout the pandemic of individuals from the Instituto de Sistemas Complejos de Ingeniería (ISCI), the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile, government authorities and industry. Early in the pandemic, it became crucial to gather evidence on how to minimize the impact of infection and disease while awaiting the availability of vaccines. This included studying the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, assessing the impact of quarantines on people's mobility, implementing strategies for widespread SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, and exploring pool testing for large populations. The urgent need to reduce disease severity and transmission posed a significant challenge, as it was essential to prevent overwhelming healthcare systems. Studies were conducted to predict ICU bed requirements at the local level using mathematical models. Additionally, novel approaches, such as using cellphone mobility-based technology to actively identify infected individuals, and to optimize population sampling, were explored following the first wave of the pandemic. Chile took early action in addressing vaccination through a high-level scientific board, before vaccines became available. Studies conducted during this period included population-based immunologic evaluations of different vaccines, which helped build confidence in the population and supported the need for booster doses and potential vaccination of children. These studies and collaborations, which will be discussed here, have provided valuable insights and will inform future approaches in a post-pandemic world. Importantly, highly conservative estimates indicate that 3,000 lives and more than 300 million USD were saved by this academic-public-private collaborative effort.

Learning to Communicate: A Photovoice Study With Intensive Care Residents During Night Shifts in the Intensive Care Unit.

This study explored the learning experiences of intensive care residents in an intensive care unit (ICU) during night shifts and the development of communication skills in this community of practice. This action research qualitative study used the photovoice method in four workshops. A group of nine residents shared their learning experiences and collectively analyzed, built, and presented proposals to improve residents' communication skills in the community of practice in which they become intensivists. Participatory thematic analysis was conducted. Students concluded that night shifts in the ICU offered a perfect situational learning environment for communication with one-on-one resident-teacher relationships, less administrative work, and more resident responsibility, improving intensivist identity. Role models, reflective thinking, and teamwork are essential for fostering communication skills among intensivist community members and are all trainable. The results and student suggestions were presented to teachers and decision-makers in the clinic. These photovoice strategies developed students' abilities to share their critical views and suggestions with decision-makers for subsequent implementation, enhancing their confidence in their learning process, strengthening trust-based relationships with teachers, and improving future intensivists' practice communities.

Diálogos com o cotidiano do território: o princípio da ação em uma comunidade ampliada de pesquisa-ação / Diálogos con el cotidiano del territorio: el principio de la acción en una comunidad ampliada de investigación-acción / Dialogues with daily life in the territory: the principle of action in the extended communities for action-research community

Tendo como base as experiências de pesquisa-ação em favelas e na periferia da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, o artigo discute os caminhos da Educação Popular como princípio da ação, refletindo sobre a relação entre território e cotidiano, bem como apresentando o método da Comunidade Ampliada de Pesquisa-Ação (CAP) por nós desenvolvido como caminho artesanal de mediação com o território. Consideramos que a dimensão artesanal, dialógica e espiralar do método vem permitindo responder aos problemas colocados no campo da pesquisa pelo cotidiano do território onde se desenvolve. Assim, vai se configurando um método, cujo princípio da ação contribui para o debate sobre os modos de fazer pesquisas no campo da Educação Popular, bem como sobre as possibilidades de uma vigilância popular, em que o centro do movimento se encontra nos agentes sociais locais.(AU)

Teniendo como base las experiencias de investigación acción en favelas y en la periferia de la región metropolitana de Río de Janeiro, el artículo discute los caminos de la educación popular como principio de la acción, reflexionando sobre la relación entre territorio y cotidiano, así como presentando el método de la Comunidad Ampliada de Investigación Acción desarrollado por nosotros como camino artesanal de mediación con el territorio. Consideramos que la dimensión artesanal, dialógica y espiralada del método le permite responder a los problemas planteados en el campo de la investigación y por el cotidiano del territorio donde se desarrolla. De tal forma, se configura en un método cuyo principio de la acción contribuye al debate sobre los modos de realizar investigaciones en el campo de la educación popular, así como sobre las posibilidades de una vigilancia popular, en donde el centro del movimiento se encuentra en los agentes sociales locales.(AU)

Based on action-research experiences in favelas and poor neighborhoods in Rio de Janeiro, the article discusses the paths of popular education as a principle of action, reflecting on the relationship between territory and daily life. It presents the method of the Extended Community of Action-Research developed as an artisanal path of mediation with the territory. The artisanal, dialogical and spiral dimension of the method allows us to respond to the problems presented in the field of research and in the daily life of the territory where it is developed. The principle of action of the method contributes to the discussion on the ways of doing research in the field of popular education, as well as on the possibilities of popular surveillance, where the center of the movement lies in local social agents.(AU)

Currículo crítico-libertador da educação física "COM" a educação infantil: construção coletiva de novos significados pela comunidade escolar / Critical-liberating curriculum for physical education "WITH" early childhood: collective construction of new meanings by the school community / Currículo crítico-liberador de educación física "CON" educación infantil: construcción colectiva de nuevos significados por parte de la comunidad escolar

Objetivo: compreender como a comunidade escolar significa a prática político-pedagógica do currículo critico-libertador da Educação Física "COM" a Educação Infantil. Metodologia: Estruturou-se uma práxis libertadora freireana "COM" as crianças da Educação Infantil em uma escola localizada em um município da região nordeste do Estado de São Paulo. Foi realizada uma pesquisa-ação colaborativo-crítica, sistematizada a partir de encontros formativos,que proporcionaram o diálogo e a reflexão constante "COM" a equipe gestora e professoras parceiras sobre a práxis da Educação Física libertadora. Resultados e discussão: Nesse cenário, considera-seque a pesquisa­ação mobilizou todas as participantes da investigação, que embora tenham mantido diversos posicionamentos conservadores sobre a função social da Educação Física na Educação Infantil, estiveram sempre dispostas a ouvir e participar dos diálogos. Conclusão: Constata-seque a pesquisa-ação crítica demanda um processo mais longo de construção, análise, desconstrução, ressignificação e tomada de consciência dos objetivos traçados, mas mesmo em um espaço de tempo reduzido, esse estudo de caráter participativo possibilitou a problematização sobre a invisibilidade do componente curricular no cotidiano escolar, propondo reflexões potentes que dialogam com uma escola democrática e intercultural.

Objective: to understand how the school community means the political-pedagogical practice of the critical-liberating curriculum of Physical Education "WITH" Early Childhood Education. Methodology: A freireanliberating praxis was structured "WITH" the children of Early Childhood Education in a school located in a municipality in the northeast region of the State of São Paulo. Collaborative-critical action research was carried out, systematized from training meetings, which provided dialogue and constant reflection "WITH" the management team and partner teachers on the praxis of liberating Physical Education. Results and discussion: In this scenario, it is considered that the action research mobilized all the research participants, who, although they maintained different conservative positions on the social function of Physical Education in Early Childhood Education, were always willing to listen and participate in the dialogues. Conclusion: It appears that critical action research demands a longer process of construction, analysis, deconstruction, resignification and awareness of the objectives outlined, but even in a reduced space of time, this participatory study made it possible to problematize invisibility of the curricular component in everyday school life, proposing powerful reflections that dialogue with a democratic and intercultural school.

Objetivo: comprender cómo la comunidad escolar significa la práctica político-pedagógica del currículo crítico-liberador de Educación Física "CON" la Educación Infantil. Metodología: Se estructuró una praxis liberadora freireana "CON" los niños de Educación Infantil en una escuela ubicada en un municipio de la región noreste del Estado de São Paulo. Se realizó una investigación acción colaborativa-crítica, sistematizada a partir de encuentros de capacitación, que brindaron diálogo y reflexión constante "CON" el equipo directivo y docentes socios sobre la praxis liberadora de la Educación Física. Resultados y discusión: En este escenario, se considera que la investigación acción movilizó a todos los participantes de la investigación, quienes, aunque mantuvieron diferentes posiciones conservadoras sobre la función social de la Educación Física en la Educación Infantil, siempre estuvieron dispuestos a escuchar y participar en los diálogos. Conclusión: Parece que la investigación acción crítica exige un proceso más largo de construcción, análisis, deconstrucción, resignificación y toma de conciencia de los objetivos trazados, pero incluso en un espacio de tiempo reducido, este estudio participativo permitió problematizar la invisibilidad del componente curricular en la escuela cotidiana. vida, proponiendo poderosas reflexiones que dialogan con una escuela democrática e intercultural.

Clima laboral: percepción del personal de Enfermería y las oportunidades de mejora / Work environment: perception of nursing staffand opportunities for improvement

La presente investigación pretende analizar la percepción del personal de enfermería sobre el clima laboral que vivencia; se identificarán las oportunidades de mejoras por medio de su autogestión de capacidades y se pondrán en práctica las acciones que serán evaluadas para determinar el impacto que produjeron. Material y método: se llevó a cabo un estudio aplicando el modelo de investigación acción participativa con el personal de enfermería del internado general del Sanatorio Allende en el año 2022; para la recolección inicial de datos se suministró una encuesta digital que valoraba la opinión personal sobre el clima laboral que percibe. Se realizó con el equipo completo de enfermeras del internado general del turno de la mañana el cual esta compuesto por 15 enfermeras; debido al número de integrantes no se realizará una muestra, sino que todas estarán contempladas. El proceso constó de cinco etapas: acercamiento y sensibilización, inducción, interacción, implementación, y sistematización. Resultados: se presenta una síntesis de los resultados más destacados en cada etapa: el origen de la situación planteada, revisión de la bibliografía, las acciones para lograr el acercamiento, los argumentos usados en la sensibilización, las herramientas para la inducción, el logro de la interacción y como se aplicaron las oportunidades de mejoras por medio de una sistematización. Conclusiones: la investigación acción participativa permitió a los profesionales determinar cual es su percepción actual de su ambiente laboral, individualmente construyeron probables soluciones a obstáculos en el trabajo en equipo que se podrán poner en práctica colectivamente y de este modo poder reevaluar en el futuro si es necesario conservar o modificar acciones ya que son autoras y partícipes de las acciones de mejora[AU]

This research aims to analyze the perception of nursing staff about the work environment they experience, opportunities for improvement will be identified through self-management of capacities and actions will be put into practice that will be evaluated to determine the impact they produced. Material and method: a study was carried out applying the participatory action research model with the nursing staff of the general boarding school of Sanatorio Allende in the year 2022. For the initial data collection, a digital survey was provided that assessed the personal opinion on the perceived work environment. It is carried out with the complete team of nurses from the general internship, which is made up of 15 nurses. Due to the number of members, a sample will not be made, but all will be contemplated. The process consisted of five stages: approach and awareness, induction, interaction, implementation, and systematization. Results: a synthesis of the most outstanding results in each stage is presented: the origin of the situation raised, review of the biblio-graphy, the actions to achieve rapprochement, the arguments used in raising awareness, the tools for induction, the achievement of the interaction and how the improvement opportunities were applied through a systematization. Conclusions: participatory action research allowed professionals to determine what their current perception of their work environment is, individually they built possible solutions to obstacles in teamwork that could be put into practice collectively and thus be able to reassess in the future if it is It is necessary to pre-serve or modify actions since they are authors and participate in the improvement actions.Palabra chave: ambiente de trabalho, enfermagem, percepção, pesqui-sa-ação participativa, pesquisa participativa baseada na comunidade[AU]

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivos analisar a percepção dos trabalhadores de enfermagem sobre o ambiente de trabalho que vivenciam. Serão identificadas oportunidades de melhorias através da autogestão de capacidades e serão colocadas em prática ações que serão avaliadas para determinar o impacto que produziram. Material e método: foi realizado um estudo aplicando o mode-lo de pesquisa-ação participativa com a equipe de enfermagem do internato geral do Sanatório Allende em 2022. Para a coleta ini-cial de dados, foi disponibilizada uma pesquisa digital que avaliou a opinião pessoal sobre o ambiente de trabalho que percebem. Foi realizado com toda a equipe de enfermeiros do internato geral do turno matutino, que é composta por 15 enfermeiros. Devido ao número de associados, não será realizada amostra, mas todas serão incluídas. O processo consistiu em cinco etapas: abordagem e sensibilização, indução, interação, implementação e sistemati-zação. Resultados: é apresentada uma síntese dos resultados mais notáveis em cada etapa: a origem da situação levantada, revisão da literatura, ações para alcançar a reaproximação, argumentos utili-zados na sensibilização, ferramentas para indução, concretização da interação e como as oportunidades para melhorias foram apli-cadas por meio de sistematização. Conclusões: a pesquisa-ação participativa permitiu aos profissionais determinar sua percepção atual sobre seu ambiente de trabalho, individualmente construí-ram prováveis soluções para os obstáculos no trabalho em equipe que poderiam ser colocadas em prática coletivamente e assim po-der reavaliar no futuro se é necessário preservar ou modificar ações já que são autores e participantes das ações de melhoria.is presented: the origin of the situation raised, review of the biblio-graphy, the actions to achieve rapprochement, the arguments used in raising awareness, the tools for induction, the achievement of the interaction and how the improvement opportunities were applied through a systematization. Conclusions: participatory action research allowed professionals to determine what their current perception of their work environment is, individually they built possible solutions to obstacles in teamwork that could be put into practice collectively and thus be able to reassess in the future if it is It is necessary to pre-serve or modify actions since they are authors and participate in the improvement actions[AU]

Effect of an action-research nutrition intervention on the Global Diet Quality Score of Colombian adolescents.

Strategies to address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls and young women often focus on supplementation. In this study, an action-research approach involving a nutrition education and entrepreneurship intervention was carried out among adolescent girls and young women in poor neighborhoods of Medellín, Colombia. The intervention group significantly increased its intake of several nutrients, including energy, protein, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, dietary fiber, calcium, zinc, and vitamins A, B2, B3, B9, and C. A significant increase was observed in the intake of the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) healthy food groups (other fruits, other vegetables, legumes, high-fat dairy products), accompanied by a decrease in the consumption of some unhealthy food groups (sweets and ice creams). A multivariate regression controlling for age, socioeconomic status, occupation, Household Hunger Scale, mean probability of adequacy, physical activity, and body self-perception showed that the nutrition intervention improved the total GDQS by 33% in the intervention group-a substantial improvement notwithstanding the study group's precarious social and economic conditions. We conclude that nutrition education and entrepreneurship models based on this approach may improve the dietary profile of this population and reduce future pressures from nutrition-related chronic diseases.

Mobilizing adolescents and young women to promote healthy diets in urban settings of Colombia and Vietnam: Lessons from two action-research programs.

Adolescent and young women face grave nutrition challenges, but limited evidence exists on solutions to improve their diets. Action-research was done over 3 years (2020-2022) in secondary cities of Colombia (Medellin) and Vietnam (Thai Nguyen) to identify nutrient deficits in adolescent and young women diets; elaborate food-based recommendations to improve their nutritional status using Optifood linear programming; and engage respondents in incorporating suggested recommendations to their diet using a Social Innovation Challenge approach. A total of 1001 respondents were interviewed in Vietnam, 793 in Colombia. The probability of nutrient inadequacy in both locations was highest for iron and calcium, followed by the risk of deficiency for several other vitamins and minerals. Social Innovation Challenge teams (11 in Vietnam, 9 in Colombia) were created and supported in developing solutions to improve diets and tackle those deficiencies. Awards and resources were transferred to the most promising solutions to enable their implementation. Pre/post measurements of the interventions' impact using the Global Diet Quality Score as outcome metric showed significant improvement in the diets of Challenge participants. After introducing a series of companion articles that offer detailed results on those various steps, this paper draws strategic lessons from an action-research perspective.

Terapia Centrada na Pessoa e Processo de Reorganização da Autoimagem e Autoestima: Pesquisa-Ação / Person-Centered Therapy and the Reorganizing Self-Image and Self-Esteem Process: Action Research / Terapia No Dirigida y el Proceso de Reorganización de la Autoimagen y la Autoestima: Investigación-Acción

Este artigo objetivou compreender o processo terapêutico proporcionado por uma prática interventiva de curta-duração centrada em pessoas com problemas de autoimagem corporal e autoestima. Seguindo um delineamento metodológico qualitativo, a pesquisa e as intervenções terapêuticas aconteceram sob a influência do desenho de pesquisa-ação. Trabalhou-se com as seguintes etapas: planejamento do processo terapêutico à luz das condições necessárias e suficientes para mudança de personalidade e as fases do processo terapêutico; desenvolvimento da prática de ajuda; monitoramento da ação a partir da supervisão, revisão dos atendimentos e entrevistas semiestruturadas com os participantes; análise fenomenológica empírica dos impactos afetivos da terapia a partir da perspectiva dos clientes atendidos; entendimento disso a partir do referencial rogeriano. Foram elaborados e discutidos os seguintes eixos temáticos relacionados ao processo terapêutico: fatores que levaram à busca por ajuda psicológica e constituíram a atmosfera terapêutica; significação negativa da experiência corporal; significação real da experiência de autoestima em relação ao corpo; mudanças de atitudes em relação à percepção de si e ao autocuidado. Concluiu-se que a terapia centrada na pessoa produziu impactos afetivos significativos que ajudaram esses clientes a lidar com suas experiências de imagem corporal e autoestima.

This article aimed to understand the therapeutic process provided by a short-term interventional practice centered on people with body self-esteem and self-image problems. Following a qualitative methodological design, the research and therapeutic interventions took place under the influence of the action research design. The following stages were used: planning the therapeutic process in light of the necessary and sufficient conditions for personality change and the therapeutic process phases; development of aid practice; action monitoring based on supervision, service review and semi-structured interviews with the participants; empirical phenomenological analysis of the affective impacts of therapy from the perspective of the clients assisted; understanding of this from the Rogerian framework. The following thematic axes related to the therapeutic process were elaborated and discussed: factors that led to the search for psychological help and constituted the therapeutic atmosphere; negative meaning of bodily experience; real meaning of the self-esteem experience in relation to the body; changes in attitudes towards self-perception and self-care. It was concluded that person-centered therapy produces significant affective impacts that helped these clients to deal with their body image and self-esteem experiences.

Este articulo tuvo como objetivo comprender el proceso terapéutico proporcionado por una práctica intervencionista de corta duración centrada en personas con problemas de autoimagen corporal y autoestima. Siguiendo un diseño metodológico cualitativo, la investigación y las intervenciones terapéuticas se desarrollaron bajo la investigación-acción. Se trabajó con los siguientes pasos: planificación del proceso terapéutico a la luz de las condiciones necesarias y suficientes para el cambio de personalidad y las fases del proceso terapéutico; desarrollo de prácticas de ayuda; seguimiento de la acción basado en la supervisión, revisión del servicio y entrevistas semiestructuradas con los participantes; análisis fenomenológico empírico de los impactos afectivos de la terapia desde la perspectiva de los clientes atendidos; comprensión de esto desde el referencial rogeriano. Fueron elaborados los siguientes ejes: factores que llevaron a búsqueda de ayuda psicológica y constituyen una atmósfera terapéutica; significado negativo de la experiencia corporal; significación real de la experiencia de la autoestima en relación con el cuerpo; cambios en las actitudes en relación con la autopercepción y autocuidado. Se concluyó que la terapia centrada en la persona produjo impactos afectivos significativos que ayudaron a estos clientes a lidiar con sus experiencias de imagen corporal y autoestima.

Lessons learnt from the process of designing care coordination interventions through participatory action research in public healthcare networks of six Latin American countries.

BACKGROUND: The participation of health professionals in designing interventions is considered vital to effective implementation, yet in areas such as clinical coordination is rarely promoted and evaluated. This study, part of Equity-LA II, aims to analyse the design process of interventions to improve clinical coordination, taking a participatory-action-research (PAR) approach, in healthcare networks of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay. This participatory process was planned in four phases, led by a local steering committee (LSC): (1) dissemination of problem analysis results and creation of professionals' platform, (2) selection of problems and intervention (3) intervention design and planning (4) adjustments after evaluation of first implementation stage. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative study based on documentary analysis, using a topic guide, was conducted in each intervention network. Documents produced regarding the intervention design process were selected. Thematic content analysis was conducted, generating mixed categories taken from the topic guide and identified from data. Main categories were LSC characteristics, type of design process (phases, participants' roles, methods) and associated difficulties, coordination problems and interventions selected. RESULTS: LSCs of similar composition (managers, professionals and researchers) were established, with increasing membership in Chile and high turnover in Argentina, Colombia and Mexico. Following results dissemination and selection of problems and interventions (more participatory in Chile and Colombia: 200-479 participants), the interventions were designed and planned, resulting in three different types of processes: (1) short initial design with adjustments after first implementation stage, in Colombia, Brazil and Mexico; (2) longer, more participatory process, with multiple cycles of action/reflection and pilot tests, in Chile; (3) open-ended design for ongoing adaptation, in Argentina and Uruguay. Professionals' time and the political cycle were the main barriers to participation. The clinical coordination problem selected was limited communication between primary and secondary care doctors. To address it, through discussions guided by context and feasibility criteria, interventions based on mutual feedback were selected. CONCLUSIONS: As expected in a flexible PAR process, its rollout differed across countries in participation and PAR cycles. Results show that PAR can help to design interventions adapted to context and offers lessons that can be applied in other contexts.

Modularization for mastery learning in CS1: a 4-year action research study.

Computer programming is a skill of increasing importance in scientific and technological fields. However, in introductory computer science (CS1) courses in higher education, approximately one in every three students fails. A common reason is that students are overwhelmed by an accelerated and inflexible pace of learning that jeopardizes success. Accordingly, in the computer science education literature it has been suggested that the pedagogical philosophy of 'mastery learning,' which supports students progressing at their own pace, can improve academic outcomes of CS1 courses. Nevertheless, few extended mastery learning implementations in CS1 have been documented in the literature, and there is a lack of guidance and best practices to foster its adoption. In this paper, we present a four-year action research study in which a modular mastery-based CS1 course was designed, evaluated and improved in successive iterations with cohorts of engineering freshmen in a Latin American research university (N = 959). In the first year of the intervention, only 19.3% of students passed the course in their first semester attempting it. In successive iterations, the instructional design, teaching and learning activities, course content, and course management were iteratively improved such that by the fourth year of offering 77.1% of students passed the course in their first semester. Over this period, course attrition was reduced from 25.0% to 3.8% of the cohort, and students' mean time spent in the course decreased from 23.2 weeks (SD = 7.38) to 14.9 (SD = 3.64). Results indicate that modularization for mastery learning is a viable approach for improving academic results in a CS1 course. Practical considerations towards successful implementation of this approach are presented and discussed.

Synthesis of Qualitative Evidence on Malaria in Pregnancy, 2005-2022: A Systematic Review.

Qualitative research on malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is incipient, therefore its contextual, experiential and symbolic associated factors are unknown. This study systematizes the qualitative research on MiP, describes knowledge, perceptions and behaviors about MiP, and compiles individual, socioeconomic, cultural and health system determinants of MiP through a meta-synthesis in 10 databases. A total of 48 studies were included with 2600 pregnant women, 1300 healthcare workers, and 2200 relatives or community members. Extensive knowledge was demonstrated on ITN and case management, but it was lacking on SP-IPTp, risks and consequences of MiP. Attitudes were negative towards ANC and MiP prevention. There were high trustfulness scores and preference for traditional medicine and distrust in the safety of drugs. The main determinants of the Health System were rationing, copayments, delay in payment to clinics, high out-of-pocket expenses, shortage, low workforce and work overload, shortcomings in care quality, low knowledges of healthcare workers on MiP and negative attitude in care. The socioeconomic and cultural determinants were poverty and low educational level of pregnant women, distance to the hospital, patriarchal-sexist gender roles, and predominance of local conceptions on maternal-fetal-neonatal health. The meta-synthesis demonstrates the difficulty to detect MiP determinants and the importance of performed qualitative research before implementing MiP strategies to understand the multidimensionality of the disease.

Gestão do trabalho interprofissional no projeto terapêutico singular: proposta de modelo de processo de trabalho / Management of interprofessional work in the singular therapeutic project: proposal for a work process model

Objetivo: propor um modelo para organização das atividades de um Projeto Terapêutico Singular (PTS) no contexto da estratégia da Saúde da Família (ESF), facilitando a colaboração interprofissional. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa. Utilizou-se a estratégia de pesquisa-ação, envolvendo uma equipe multiprofissional de saúde e ações de colaboração interprofissional para aprimorar a prática. A pesquisa-ação foi escolhida por mostrar-se adequada para estudos em cenários sociais, em contextos diversos. Os pesquisadores e a equipe acordaram que a discussão do PTS ocorresse em reuniões amplas para favorecer a discussão, reflexão e propostas de ações para o caso. O trabalho de campo envolveu aproximadamente 20 reuniões com a equipe que geravam subsequentes momentos reflexivos da pesquisa. Essa dinâmica favoreceu a proposta do modelo. As etapas do trabalho da pesquisa foram reconhecimento do problema, planejamento, implementação e avaliação. Resultado: Nas reuniões do trabalho coletivo, a equipe pesquisadora percebeu problemas no processo do PTS, tais como: falta de clareza dos objetivos; planejamento e direcionamento das ações colaborativas interprofissionais pouco efetivos para envolver paciente e família no cuidado de saúde. Nesse contexto, propôs-se um modelo de PTS com quatro etapas: Discussão do caso, Designação, Execução e Encerramento ou nova abordagem do processo de atenção. Conclusão: O modelo proposto é uma contribuição teórica e necessita de mais estudos empíricos para validar sua aplicação no âmbito da ESF. Identificou-se, como limitante para a gestão do cuidado para o PTS, a falta de formação pré- e pós-graduada em educação interprofissional dos participantes. No entanto, o modelo se justifica na medida que ajuda a construir ações interprofissionais, recomendadas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e órgãos internacionais da saúde (OMS e OPAS) (AU).

Objective: propose a model for organizing the activities of a Singular Therapeutic Project (STP) in the context of Family Health Strategy (FHS), contemplating interprofessional collaboration. Method: It is qualitative research. The action-research strategy was used, involving a multidisciplinary health team and interprofessional collaboration actions, in order to improve the practice. Action research was chosen because it is suitable for studies in social settings, in different contexts. The researchers and the team agreed the discussion of the STP would take place in large meetings to encourage discussion, reflection and proposals for actions to be taken for the case. Fieldwork involved approximately 20 meetings with the team that generated subsequent reflective moments of the research. This dynamic favored the proposal of the model. The stages of the research work were: problem recognition, planning, implementation and evaluation. Result: In the collective work meetings, some flaws in the STP process were noticed, such as: a lack of clarity of objectives; few interprofessional collaborative actions directed and planned along with the patient and family and low resolution. Thus, a four-step model was proposed: staff meeting, assignment of STP cases, executing the STP, and closing the STP. These steps range from case selection to completion of the STP, or definition of a new care approach by the team. Conclusion: The proposed model is a theoretical contribution and needs further empirical studies in order to validate its application within the FHS. The lack of pre and postgraduate training in interprofessional education of the participants was identified as a limiting factor for the care management for the STP. However, the model is justified as it helps to build interprofessional actions, recommended by the Unified Health System (UHS) and international health agencies (WHO and PAHO) (AU).

Grupo operativo com psicólogos do SUS: das armadilhas ao brincar / Operative group with SUS psychologists: from traps to play / Grupo operativo con psicólogos del SUS: de la trampa al juego

Desenvolver habilidades para coordenar grupos é requisito importante do trabalho desenvolvido por psicólogos, especialmente quando vinculados a instituições de saúde pública. Este estudo foi uma pesquisa-ação amparada no enfoque clínico-qualitativo e desenvolvida a partir do dispositivo dos grupos operativos. O objetivo geral foi compreender como psicólogos percebem o trabalho grupal que oferecem em suas práticas laborais, a partir de vivências em grupos operativos de aprendizagem. Participaram 10 psicólogos atuantes em uma Unidade Ambulatorial de Atendimento Psicossocial - equipamento secundário da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial - de um município do interior de Minas Gerais. A ordenação de dados ocorreu a partir de emergentes grupais surgidos durante três sessões, e foram analisados a partir do diálogo com a literatura sobre grupos, em especial grupos em cenários institucionais. O processo grupal vivido fomentou recursos profissionais para lidar com a grupalidade. Expressões sobre dificuldades profissionais enfrentadas na coordenação de intervenções grupais apareceram e foram discutidas. O dispositivo "grupo" foi pensado como ferramenta possível de ser empregada para facilitar transformações e fomentar potenciais encontros humanos. Estudos futuros poderão ser direcionados a novas formas de compreender o trabalho grupal desenvolvido por esses e outros psicólogos, de realidades distintas da retratada.(AU)

Developing skills to coordinate groups is an important requirement for psychologists, especially when linked to public health institutions. This action research, supported by the clinical-qualitative approach, was developed based on the Operative Groups device. It sought to understand how psychologists perceive the group work they offer, based on experiences in operative learning groups. Ten psychologists, working in an Outpatient Psychosocial Care Unit - a secondary facility of the Psychosocial Care Network - in a city in rural Minas Gerais, participated in the study. Data ordering occurred from emerging groups listed during three group sessions, and were analyzed based on the literature on groups, especially groups in institutional settings. The group process experienced fostered professional resources for addressing groupness. Expressions about professional difficulties faced in coordinating group interventions emerged and were discussed. The "group" device was thought of as a possible tool to be employed to facilitate transformations and foster potential human encounters. Future studies may be directed to new ways of understanding the group work developed by these and other psychologists, from different realities from the one portrayed.(AU)

El desarrollo de habilidades en la coordinación de grupos es un requisito importante en el trabajo de los psicólogos, especialmente cuando están vinculados a instituciones de salud pública. Este estudio fue una investigación-acción respaldada por el enfoque clínico-cualitativo y desarrollada a partir del dispositivo de grupos operativos. Su objetivo general fue comprender cómo los psicólogos perciben el trabajo grupal que ofrecen en sus prácticas laborales a partir de experiencias en grupos de aprendizaje operativo. Participaron en el estudio diez psicólogos que laboran en una Unidad de Atención Psicosocial Ambulatoria (equipamiento secundario de la Red de Atención Psicosocial) de un municipio del estado de Minas Gerais, en Brasil. Se ordenaron los datos a partir de grupos emergentes que surgieron durante las tres sesiones grupales realizadas y analizadas con base en el diálogo con la literatura sobre grupos, especialmente en contextos institucionales. El proceso grupal experimentado ha potenciado los recursos profesionales para afrontar la agrupación. Surgieron y discutieron expresiones sobre las dificultades profesionales experimentadas en la coordinación de intervenciones grupales. Se pensó en el dispositivo "grupal" como una posible herramienta que se utilizaría para facilitar transformaciones y fomentar posibles encuentros humanos. Los estudios futuros pueden dirigirse a nuevas formas de entender el trabajo en grupo desarrollado por estos y otros psicólogos a partir de realidades distintas a la retratada.(AU)

Pesquisacaminhante: a pesquisa ação-participante (PAP) como método de pesquisa longitudinal / Walker research: the Action-Participant Research (PAP) as a longitudinal research method / Investigación walker: la Investigación Acción-Participante (PAP) como método de investigación longitudinal

Este artigo relata uma pesquisa ação-participante longitudinal realizada desde 2016 até 2021 com mulheres indígenas Xokleng/Laklãnõ que vivem no contexto urbano de Blumenau, SC. Analisa a trama afetiva que compôs esta caminhada de seis anos e traça a configuração do método que denominamos de pesquisacaminhante para demarcar a temporalidade e o lugar das pesquisadoras, das pesquisadoras-participantes e sua intencionalidade, de fortalecer a luta e a resistência dessas que vivem na cidade de Blumenau, uma cidade de origem germânica e marcadamente "branca". Como instrumento, foram utilizados entrevistas, fotografias, diversos encontros pela cidade e participação em eventos oficiais e, principalmente, encontros constantes entre as pesquisadoras, nos quais elas puderam se expressar como mulheres indígenas. O referencial teórico é a psicologia sócio-histórica, com base nas reflexões de Vigotski e Spinoza, utilizando o afeto como bússola das ações. O método revelou potência para contribuir com a práxis da psicologia social, destacando aquelas voltadas às comunidades tracionais. (AU)

This article reports a longitudinal participant-action research carried out from 2016 to 2021 with indigenous women Xokleng/Laklãnõ who live in the urban context of Blumenau, SC. Analyzes the affective plot that composed this walk of six years and outlines the configuration of the method we call walking research to demarcate the temporality and the place of researchers, researcher-participants and their intention to strengthen the struggle and resistance those who live in the city of Blumenau, a city of German origin and markedly "white". As instrument, interviews, photographs, various meetings around the city and participation in official events were used. and, mainly, constant meetings between the researchers, in which they could express themselves as women indigenous. The theoretical reference is socio-historical psychology, based on the reflections of Vigotski and Spinoza, using the affection as a compass of actions. The method revealed power to contribute to the practice of social psychology, highlighting those aimed at traditional communities. (AU)

Este artículo reporta una investigación longitudinal de acción participante realizada de 2016 a 2021 con mujeres indígenas Xokleng/Laklãnõ que viven en el contexto urbano de Blumenau, SC. Analiza la trama afectiva que compuso este paseo de seis años y esboza la configuración del método que llamamos walking research para demarcar la temporalidad y el lugar de los investigadores, los investigadores-participantes y su intención de fortalecer la lucha y la resistencia los que viven en a ciudad de Blumenau, ciudad de origen alemán y marcadamente "blanca". Como se utilizó el instrumento, entrevistas, fotografías, diversos encuentros por la ciudad y participación en actos oficiales, y, principalmente, encuentros constantes entre las investigadoras, en las que pudieran expresarse como mujeres indígena. El referente teórico es la psicología sociohistórica, a partir de las reflexiones de Vigotski y Spinoza, utilizando la el afecto como brújula de acciones. El método reveló poder contribuir a la práctica de la psicología social, destacando los destinados a las comunidades tradicionales. (AU)

Concerted Model of Healthcare for Awá Indigenous of Nariño, Colombia.

Indigenous communities in Colombia are facing a critical health situation; alternative health care models based on the vision of the communities themselves are needed. The objective of this research was to create a health care model that decreases health inequities for the Indigenous Awá population of Nariño, Colombia. This study was guided by the paradigm of community-based participatory action research; the process was carried out in 2015 and 2016. The proposed Intercultural Health Care Model is essentially based on health promotion, disease prevention, community empowerment, social participation in health, decentralized health care and coordination between the two medicines (traditional and allopathic). Strategies such as those reported herein, with concerted efforts rather than imposition, maintain human rights and respect for the sovereignty and autonomy of Indigenous people.

Ser joven andino quechua cerca y lejos de sus comunidades de origen / Being young, Andean and Quechua and both near and far from communities of origin / Ser jovem andino quechua perto e longe de suas comunidades de origen

Resumen (analítico) La investigación se pregunta cómo las y los «jóvenes¼ procedentes de comunidades quechuas surandinas del Perú construyen su «ser joven¼ en contextos de imposición neocolonial/neoliberal y, a la vez, de resistencias cerca y lejos de sus lugares de origen. Se realizó desde la postura decolonial con la metodología investigación-acción participativa adaptada al mundo de jóvenes de comunidades de Apurímac, Huancavelica y Ayacucho. Se constata que son afectados por imposiciones de la sociedad nacional, que a través de servicios y políticas públicas les proyectan una manera homogénea y hegemónica de ser joven que tiende a distanciarlos de sus familias y comunidades. La crianza en su cosmovisión será fuente de sus resistencias y les permitirá recuperar sus raíces por la vía de la lengua originaria y de la espiritualidad andina.

Abstract (analytical) This study asks how "young people" from the Quechua communities in Southern Peru construct "being young" in contexts involving neocolonial / neoliberal imposition and, at the same time, of acts of resistance both near and far from their places of origin. It was carried out using a decolonial position through the Participatory Action Research methodology adapted to the worlds of "young people" in the communities of Apurímac, Huancavelica and Ayacucho. The research identified that these young people are affected by impositions from Peruvian society, as government services and public policies project a homogeneous and hegemonic way of being young that tends to distance them from their families and communities. An upbringing based on their worldview will be the source of their resistance and will allow them to recover their roots through native language and Andean spirituality.

Resumo (analítico) A pesquisa questiona como os "jovens" das comunidades quíchuas do sul do Peru constroem seu "ser jovem" em contextos de imposição neocolonial / neoliberal e, ao mesmo tempo, de resistência perto e longe de seus lugares de origem. Foi realizado a partir da posição descolonial com a metodologia da Pesquisa-Ação Participativa adaptada ao mundo dos jovens das comunidades de Apurímac, Huancavelica e Ayacucho. Constata-se que são afetados por imposições da sociedade nacional, que por meio de serviços e políticas públicas os projetam de uma forma homogênea e hegemônica de ser jovem que tende a distanciarse de suas famílias e comunidades. A formação em sua visão de mundo será a fonte de sua resistência e permitirá que recuperem suas raízes por meio da língua nativa e da espiritualidade andina.

Andean Women's Persistence Amidst Racialized Gendered Impoverishment, Capitalist Incursions, and Post-conflict Hauntings.

Throughout the last four decades, Andean women from the highland communities of Peru have been significantly affected by ongoing neoliberal capitalist development and patriarchal structures. These intersecting violence(s) took on more horrific dimensions during the Peruvian armed conflict (1980-2000) and have contributed to multiple psychosocial sequelae that linger in the daily lives on these communities as "ghostly matters." Seeking to face these experiences in a context of ongoing material impoverishment, Andean women from highland communities have initiated multiple associations or economic collective projects. The authors accompanied a group of women who formed a knitting association and facilitated a feminist participatory action research (FPAR), creating opportunities through which these women could engage in action-reflection processes toward enhancing their association. Twelve women from this FPAR process agreed to be interviewed by the first author who sought to explore their understandings about the processes of forming their association in this post-conflict context and the challenges they were facing. Interview transcripts were analyzed using Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory coding strategy. The findings reveal multiple challenges for women's collaborative work created by ongoing racialized gendered violence and its intra- and interpersonal effects. Moreover, the findings confirmed that capitalist development dynamics, and, more particularly, resources introduced by agents from outside the community, bring both gains and losses for Andean women. The latter reported having learned skills that allowed them to better insert themselves in a market economy, but that these new activities were displacing more community-based Indigenous practices and traditions. Finally, this study reveals that the wounds created by the armed conflict generated multiple forms of silence that prevent Andean peasants from openly expressing their desires. Despite this, the women in this FPAR process and participants in these interviews are engaging in action-based responses through which they are overcoming some of these challenges and sustaining their association. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for mental health professionals and activist-scholars working with Indigenous communities affected by armed conflict by underscoring the limitations of interventions based exclusively on the spoken word and arguing for action-based approaches that draw on bottom-up knowledge and practices.

Proposição de um modelo de pesquisa-ação para aprimorar práticas humanistas centradas na pessoa: apontamentos metodológicos / Proposition of an action-research model to improve person-centered humanistic practices: methodological appointments

Este artigo objetiva propor um modelo de pesquisa-ação para aprimorar práticas individuais, educacionais e grupais norteadas pelo referencial da Psicologia Humanista de Carl Rogers. Inicialmente, apresenta as pesquisas desenvolvidas por ele durante a construção do seu método interventivo, segundo um delineamento quase-experimental. Posteriormente, demonstra como Rogers contatou a ideia de pesquisa-ação elaborada por Kurt Lewin e indicou o paradigma fenomenológico e sua metodologia empírica como recursos qualitativos para desenvolver a Psicologia Humanista. Depois, apresenta em que consiste a pesquisa-ação. Em seguida, demonstra como tratar um objeto de estudo e intervenção no referencial rogeriano, organizando-o em um ciclo de pesquisa e ação mediante as etapas de: registro de ideias, teorias e conceitos; planejamento da ação; intervenção; monitoramento da ação com base na Versão de Sentido concebida por Mauro Amatuzzi; e avaliação da ação conforme o método fenomenológico empírico de Amedeo Giorgi. Esse modelo segue critérios metodológicos os quais possibilitam avanços na abordagem rogeriana, na medida em que investiga as implicações das práticas humanistas com certos tipos de experiências e as desenvolve quando necessário.

This article aims to propose an action-research model to improve individual, educational and group practices guided by the framework of Carl Rogers' Humanistic Psychology. Initially, it presents the research developed by Rogers during the construction of his interventionist method, according to a quasi-experimental design. Subsequently, we demonstrate how Rogers contacted the idea of action research developed by Kurt Lewin and indicated the phenomenological paradigm and its empirical methodology as qualitative resources to develop Humanistic Psychology. After that, we present what the action-research consists of. Finally, we demonstrate how to treat a study object and intervention in a Rogerian referential, organizing it in a cycle of research and action through the stages of the recording of ideas, theories, and concepts; action planning; intervention; action monitoring based on the Sense Version designed by Mauro Amatuzzi; and action evaluation according to the Amedeo Giogi's empirical phenomenological method. We conclude that this model follows methodological criteria, which enable advances in the Rogerian approach insofar as it investigates humanistic practices' implications with certain types of experiences and develops them when necessary.

Review Decolonial peace, insubordinate peace, concepts, temporalities and epistemologies / Reseña paz decolonial, paces insubordinadas, conceptos, temporalidades y epistemologías

RESUMEN La obra Paz decobnial, paces insubordinadas, conceptos, temporalidades y epistemologías, publicada bajo el sello editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, se articula alrededor de tres ejes principales. El primero crítica la paz liberal y propone ampliar el análisis epistemológico y metodológico a saberes locales, étnicos, marginados del Sur global. El segundo, apoyado en las teorías decoloniales latinoamericanas y la investigación acción aplicada, invita a trascender modelos de pensamiento y de acción importados. El tercero recoge la literatura que aborda la paz como un proceso en continuo ajuste y resignificación, una paz cotidiana y de pequeña escala. La obra está, por consiguiente, a la vanguardia de la literatura crítica de los Estudios de Paz e invita a los lectores a trascender el análisis de la paz hacía para la paz, buscando contribuir a la transformación pacífica de los conflictos.

ABSTRACT The book Decolonial Peace, Insubordinate Peace, Concepts, Temporalities, and Epistemologies, published under the editorial seal of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, is structured around three main axes. The first one criticizes liberal peace and proposes expanding the epistemological and methodological analysis to local, ethnic, marginalized knowledge of the global South. The second one, supported by Latin American decolonial theories and applied action research, invites us to transcend imported models of thought and action. The third one collects the literature that addresses peace as a process in continuous adjustment and resignification, a daily and small-scale peace. The work is, therefore, at the forefront of the critical literature of Peace Studies and invites readers to transcend the analysis of peace towards for peace, seeking to contribute to the peaceful transformation of conflicts.