Presentaciones de la sífilis anorrectal: la gran simuladora / Anorectal syphilis presentations: the great pretender

Antecedentes: La sífilis es una infección sexualmente transmisible sistémica crónica que afecta a docenas de millones de personas al año. A nivel anorrectal, su manifestación polimórfica obliga al diagnóstico diferencial con enfermedades anorrectales benignas y malignas. Objetivo: Describir las diferentes presentaciones de la sífilis anorrectal a propósito de 5 casos clínicos. Método: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes fueron VIH positivos en edad sexual activa. Las manifestaciones registradas, al igual que las reportadas en la bibliografía fueron las fisuras, úlceras perianales y pseudotumores. Conclusiones: La sífilis es considerada "la gran simuladora". En la localización anorrectal se requiere una alta sospecha diagnóstica para diferenciarla de presentaciones similares de otras enfermedades anales benignas, la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y el cáncer anorrectal, con el fin de evitar el consiguiente riesgo de sobretratamiento. (AU)

Background: Syphilis is a chronic systemic sexually transmitted infection that affects tens of millions of people annually. At the anorectal level, its polymorphic manifestation requires differential diagnosis with benign and malignant anorectal diseases. Objective: To review the presentation of anorectal syphilis from 5 clinical cases. Methods: Observational, retrospective, descriptive study. Results: Most of the patients were HIV positive in sexually active age. The manifestations recorded and reported in the literature were fissures, perianal ulcers, and pseudotumors. Conclusions: Syphilis is considered "the great pretender". In anorectal syphilis, a high diagnostic suspicion is needed to differentiate it from similar presentations due to other anal conditions, inflammatory bowel disease, and anorectal cancer, to avoid the consequent risk of overtreatment. (AU)

Efectividad del tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos en la fisura anal secundaria / Effectiveness of Treating Secondary Anal Fissure with Platelet and Leukocyte-Rich Plasma

Introducción: El plasma rico en plaquetas es un producto derivado de la sangre, rico en péptidos y proteínas de señalización intercelular, así como citoquinas capaces de intervenir en cada una de las etapas de la regeneración de varios tejidos. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos en pacientes con fisura anal secundaria que asistieron a la consulta de Coloproctología del Hospital Docente Provincial Oncológico María Curie de Camagüey en el período de enero de 2020 a enero de 2023. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental. El universo lo conformaron todos los pacientes que acudieron a consulta en ese período. La muestra no probabilística intencionada la conformaron 130 pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de fisura anal secundaria que recibieron tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos. Resultados: El tiempo de cicatrización de la fisura anal permitió corroborar la efectividad del tratamiento; además, la mayoría de los pacientes evolucionaron de forma favorable. El dolor fue la complicación más visible pues presentó significación estadística al establecer la relación entre las variables. Se demostró que el tratamiento con plasma rico en plaqueta y leucocitos en pacientes con fisura anal secundaria es efectivo y seguro en la evaluación final del tratamiento. Conclusiones: Lo expuesto permite considerar que los pacientes tratados obtuvieron buenos resultados al hacer uso del plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos. Por consiguiente, tiene un resultado positivo en no mostrar complicaciones y una alta posibilidad de que el paciente tratado evolucione en mejor condición(AU)

Introduction: Platelet-rich plasma is a blood-derived product, rich in peptides and intercellular signaling proteins, as well as cytokines capable of intervening in each of the stages of regeneration of various tissues. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of treatment with platelet- and leucocyte-rich plasma in patients with secondary anal fissure who attended the coloproctology office at Hospital Docente Provincial Oncológico María Curie of Camagüey from January 2020 to January 2023. Methods: A quasiexperimental study was carried out, whose universe consisted of all the patients who came for consultation during that period. The nonprobabilistic purposive sample consisted of 130 adult patients with a diagnosis of secondary anal fissure who received treatment with platelet- and leucocyte-rich plasma. Results: The healing time of the anal fissure allowed corroborating the effectiveness of the treatment; in addition, most of the patients evolved favorably. Pain was the most visible complication since it presented statistical significance when the relationship between the variables were established. Treatment with platelet- and leucocyte-rich plasma in patients with secondary anal fissure proved effective and safe in the final assessment of the treatment. Conclusions: The above allows considering that the treated patients obtained good outcomes when making use of platelet- and leucocyte-rich plasma. Therefore, it has a positive outcome, not showing complications and a high possibility for the treated patient to evolve in a better condition(AU)

Caracterización del tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos en la fisura anal secundaria / Characterization of the Treatment with Platelet-Rich Plasma and Leukocytes against Secondary Anal Fissure

Introducción: Las enfermedades benignas de recto son muy frecuentes en la práctica médica habitual en todos los niveles de atención de salud. Dentro de estos procesos se reconoce que la fisura anal es uno de los más comunes. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes tratados con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos por fisura anal secundaria en la provincia Camagüey en el período comprendido entre septiembre del 2020 y septiembre del 2022. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, cuyo universo lo conformaron los pacientes con el diagnóstico de fisura anal secundaria que asistieron a la consulta de Coloproctología del Hospital Provincial Docente Oncológico María Curie. Se estableció una muestra no probabilística a criterio de los autores conformada por 132 pacientes adultos, quienes recibieron tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos por fisura anal secundaria en la provincia Camagüey. Resultados: Con respecto al sexo y a la edad, se observó una mayor frecuencia del grupo de 40 a 49 años y predominó el sexo femenino. El síntoma de mayor frecuencia fue el dolor, mientras que en la etiología prevaleció la proctitis facticia. En la mayoría de los casos estudiados la fisura anal cicatrizó en menos de 15 días y en cuanto a la evaluación final del tratamiento solo la minoría empeoró. Conclusiones: La caracterización de la muestra en estudio permite afirmar que el tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos tiene beneficios para los pacientes con fistulas perianales y su calidad de vida(AU)

Introduction: Benign rectal diseases are very frequent in routine medical practice at all levels of health care. Among these processes, anal fissure is recognized as one of the most common. Objective: To characterize patients treated with platelet-rich plasma and leukocytes for secondary anal fissure in Camagüey Province between September 2020 and September 2022. Methods: A quasiexperimental study was carried out, whose universe was made up of patients with the diagnosis of secondary anal fissure who attended the coloproctology office at Hospital Provincial Docente Oncológico María Curie. A nonprobabilistic sample was established according to the authors' criterions, made up of 132 adult patients who received treatment with platelet-rich plasma and leukocytes for secondary anal fissure in Camagüey Province. Results: Regarding sex and age, a higher frequency was observed in the group 40 to 49 years old and the female sex was predominant. The most frequent symptom was pain, while the prevailing etiology was factitious proctitis. In most of the cases under study, the anal fissure healed in less than 15 days and, regarding the final assessment of the treatment, only the minority worsened. Conclusions: The characterization of the sample under study allows to affirm that treatment with platelet-rich plasma and leukocytes has benefits for patients with perianal fistulas and their quality of life(AU)

Lisado plaquetario en el tratamiento de la fisura anal crónica y otras indicaciones / Platelet lysate in the treatment of chronic anal fissure and other indications

Introducción: La aplicación del lisado plaquetario alogénico en el tratamiento de la fisura anal crónica es uno de los temas más novedosos y excitantes dentro de las ciencias biomédicas hoy día. Objetivo: Exponer en forma resumida los avances y perspectivas de empleo del lisado plaquetario alogénico en la fisura anal. Métodos: La estrategia de búsqueda abarcó información en diferentes bases de datos como internet y en el buscador google académico, se utilizaron 42 bibliografías seleccionadas para realizar la revisión, 35 publicadas en los últimos cinco años como artículos originales de revisión, monografías y otros documentos científicos especializados en el tema. A partir de la búsqueda se elaboró el presente artículo. Desarrollo: Se hace alusión a la conceptualización de la enfermedad y los pilares terapéuticos, se sustenta la utilización del lisado plaquetario alogénico; los logros alcanzados con su aplicación en el Hospital General Docente Comandante Pinares; del municipio San Cristóbal en la provincia Artemisa en la especialidad; así como a las potencialidades de tan promisorio campo en el presente siglo. Conclusiones: El Lisado plaquetario alogénico en el tratamiento de la fisura anal crónica constituyó una nueva modalidad de tratamiento de la enfermedad(AU)

Introduction: The application of allogeneic platelet lysate in the treatment of chronic anal fissure is one of the most novel and exciting topics within biomedical sciences today. Objective: To summarize the advances and perspectives of the use of allogeneic platelet lysate in anal fissure. Methods: The search strategy included information in different databases such as the internet and the academic google search engine, 42 bibliographies selected for the review were used, 35 published in the last five years as original review articles, monographs and other scientific documents specialized in the subject. The present article was prepared on the basis of the search. Development: Allusion is made to the conceptualization of the disease and the therapeutic pillars, the use of allogeneic platelet lysate is sustained; the achievements reached with its application in the General Teaching Hospital Comandante Pinares; of San Cristóbal municipality in Artemisa province in the specialty; as well as to the potential of such promising field in the present century. Conclusions: Allogeneic platelet lysate in the treatment of chronic anal fissure constituted a new modality of treatment of the disease(AU)

Clinical trial combining botulinum toxin A injection and fissurectomy for chronic anal fissure: a dose-dependent study

ABSTRACT Background Anal fissure is a common surgical disease that is usually treated conservatively. The golden surgical treatment for anal fissure is lateral internal sphincterotomy, but it may result in multiple complications. Therefore, other treatment methods have recently been introduced, and one of them is the injection of botulinum toxin A (BTA) and fissurectomy. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of fissurectomy and BTA injection in the treatment of chronic anal fissure by single surgeon. Materials and Methods The present is a non-randomized prospective cohort study conducted by a single surgeon in Saudi Arabia. Our sample was composed of 116 female patients, with mean age of 36.57 ± 11.52 years, who presented to our Surgical Outpatient Clinic with chronic anal fissure between October 2015 and July 2020, and were treated with BTA injection combined with fissurectomy. They were followed up for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 weeks, and after one year to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment. The main outcomes analyzed were symptomatic relief, complications, recurrence, and the need for further surgical intervention. Results The treatment with BTA injection combined with fissurectomy was effective and safe in 115 patients (99.1%) at 1 year of follow-up. A total of 5 patients experienced recurrence at 8 weeks, which resolved completely with pharmacological sphincterotomy, and 12 patients experienced minor incontinence, which disappeared later. Conclusion In total, 70 units of BTA injection combined with fissurectomy is a suitable second-line treatment of choice for chronic anal fissure, with a high degree of success and a low rate of major morbidity. (AU)

Esfinterotomía lateral interna vs. toxina botulínica como tratamiento de la fisura anal / Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy versus Botulinum Toxin as Treatment of Anal Fissure

Introducción: La fisura anal crónica es una entidad frecuente que produce molestias durante y después de la defecación, su fisiopatología no es clara y su manejo es variado. La esfinterotomia lateral interna es una de las técnicas más utilizadas, aunque su elevado porcentaje de incontinencia no es aceptado y la inyección de toxina botulínica es una alternativa tentadora. Objetivo: Comparar los resultados de la inyección de toxina botulínica tipo A con la esfinterotomia lateral interna para tratamiento de la fisura anal en cuanto a dolor postoperatorio, recurrencia, curabilidad e incontinencia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio tipo cohorte. A un grupo de 40 pacientes se trató con inyección de 50 UI de Toxina Botulínica tipo A y el otro grupo de 42 pacientes se le realizó esfinterotomia lateral interna. Los resultados se comparan estadísticamente para CI95 y error de 0,05. Resultados: La esfinterotomia vs toxina botulínica, resultó en cuanto a curabilidad en un 85,4 por ciento de los casos contra un 77,5 por ciento. Las recidivas se presentaron en 4,8 por ciento / 12,5 por ciento, la incontinencia ocurrió en 9,5 por ciento / 2,5 por ciento y el dolor posoperatorio estuvo presente en el 14,8 por ciento / 5,0 por ciento. Conclusiones: La esfinterotomia resultó mejor en cuanto a curabilidad y recidivas, mientras la aplicación de la toxina botulínica presentó mejores resultados en la incontinencia fecal y el dolor posoperatorio(AU)

Introduction: Chronic anal fissure is a frequent entity that produces discomfort during and after defecation. Its pathophysiology is not clear and its management is varied. Lateral internal sphincterotomy is one of the most used techniques, although its high percentage of incontinence is not accepted; botulinum toxin injection is therefore a tempting alternative. Objective: To compare the results of botulinum toxin type A injection or lateral internal sphincterotomy for treatment of anal fissure in terms of postoperative pain, recurrence, healing and incontinence. Methods: A cohort study was carried out. One group of 40 patients were treated with injection of 50 IU of botulinum toxin type A and another group of 42 patients underwent lateral internal sphincterotomy. The results were statistically compared with a confidence interval of 95 percent and error of 0.05. Results: Sphincterotomy and botulinum toxin were effective in terms of healing in 85.4 percent and 77.5 percent of cases, respectively. Recurrences occurred in 4.8 percent and 12.5 percent of cases, respectively. Incontinence occurred in 9.5 percent and 2.5 percent of cases, respectively. Postoperative pain was present in 14.8 percent and 5.0 percent of cases, respectively. Conclusions: Sphincterotomy was better in terms of healing and recurrence, while botulinum toxin application showed better results regarding fecal incontinence and postoperative pain(AU)

Fisura anal: anatomía, patogenia y tratamiento / Anal fissure - anatomy, pathogenesis and treatment

RESUMEN La fisura anal es una patología proctológica frecuente caracterizada por un desgarro oval en el anoder mo que, si bien es pequeño, puede producir mucho dolor y angustia en el paciente. La etiología exacta aún se discute, pero está relacionada con una hipertonía del esfínter anal en la mayoría de los casos. El tratamiento inicial es médico, con fármacos que disminuyen el tono del esfínter anal. Las fisuras cróni cas generalmente requieren tratamiento quirúrgico. La esfinterotomía interna lateral tiene un elevado porcentaje de éxito y se considera el tratamiento de referencia. En este artículo haremos una revisión de la anatomía, fisiopatología y opciones terapéuticas actuales de las fisuras anales.

ABSTRACT Anal fissure is a common anorectal condition. While it often presents as a small oval tear in the anoderm, it can cause significant pain and anguish to the patient. The exact etiology is still debatable but increased anal tone is associated with most fissures. The initial management is medical with agents intended to reduce the anal tone. More chronic fissures usually require surgical intervention. Lateral internal sphincterotomy has a high success rates and is considered the gold standard of interventions. In this article we review the relevant anatomy, pathophysiology and contemporary treatment options for anal fissures.

A new theory on the cause of anal fissure - impaction theory / Uma nova teoria sobre a causa da fissura anal - teoria da impactação

ABSTRACT The internal hemorrhoid, rectal tumor, hypertrophic anal papilla, and secret fecal mass are regarded as the blocks embedded in the rectum. The above blocks hinder defecation, which will inevitably lead to excessive opening of the anal caliber. Once the limit is exceeded, the skin of the anal canal will tear and form anal fissure. Based on the study of historical evolution, hypothesis reasoning, clinical verification and comparison with other theories, a new concept of anal fissure etiology-impaction theory is proposed. The so-called impaction theory refers to the impaction (various primary lesions) in anorectum, which hinders defecation. When defecating, the anal canal expands beyond the limit, and the whole layer of anal canal skin splits, that is to say, anal fissure is formed.

RESUMO A hemorroida interna, o tumor retal, a papila anal hipertrófica e a massa fecal secreta são considerados os blocos incrustados no reto. Os bloqueios acima impedem a defecação, o que inevitavelmente levará a uma abertura excessiva do calibre anal. Uma vez que o limite é excedido, a pele do canal anal rasga e forma uma fissura anal. Com base no estudo da evolução histórica, raciocínio de hipóteses, verificação clínica e comparação com outras teorias, um novo conceito de etiologia da fissura anal - a teoria da impactação - é proposto. A chamada teoria da impactação refere-se à impactação (várias lesões primárias) no anorreto, o que dificulta a defecação. Na defecação, o canal anal se expande além do limite e toda a camada da pele do canal anal rasga, ou seja, forma-se a fissura anal.

Evaluation of outcomes in fissurectomy and V-Y advancement flap for the treatment of chronic anal fissure / Avaliação de desfechos na fissurectomia e retalho de avanço em V­Y para o tratamento de fissura anal crônica

ABSTRACT Chronic anal fissure is difficult to treat. Surgery is usually recommended in the case of drug therapeutic failure. Fecal incontinence in patients with weaker sphincters (multipara older patients with a history of pelvic surgery etc.) is a major reason for rejecting surgery. Such these patients should be underwent fissurectomy and V-Y advancement flap in which sphincterotomy is not required. In this prospective study, we determined the outcomes and complications of fissurectomy and V-Y advancement flap in both groups of patients with low and high anal sphincter tones.

RESUMO A fissura anal crônica tem tratamento difícil. A cirurgia geralmente é recomendada em caso de falha do tratamento medicamentoso. A incontinência fecal em pacientes com esfíncteres mais fracos (pacientes multíparas mais velhas com história de cirurgia pélvica etc.) é uma razão importante para a rejeição da cirurgia. Esses pacientes devem ser submetidos a fissurectomia e retalho de avanço em V-Y no qual a esfincterotomia não é necessária. Neste estudo prospectivo, determinamos os desfechos e complicações da fissurectomia e o retalho de avanço em V-Y em ambos os grupos de pacientes com tônus baixo e alto do esfíncter anal.

Frequency and findings of the acquired anorectal disease in the pediatric population with chronic constipation.

Sanchez-Avila MT, Garcia-Valencia OA, Rivas-Calderon M, Morales-Garza LA, Jacobo-Velazquez P, Chavez-Caraza KL. Frequency and findings of the acquired anorectal disease in the pediatric population with chronic constipation. Turk J Pediatr 2018; 60: 547-553. To determine the frequency of anorectal disease associated with chronic constipation in children we conducted an observational, descriptive, retrospective study. One hundred and sixty eight patients were evaluated by anorectal manometry over a 10-year period. The population was divided into organic constipation (OC) and functional constipation (FC) per ROME III criteria. Of those: 95 (56.54%) presented with anorectal disease. The age range was 1-17 (mean 5.3). Eighteen presented with OC and 77 with FC. Acute anal fissure was found in 45 patients (38 FC, 7 OC), chronic anal fissure in 38 (30 FC, 8 OC), perianal erythema in 26 (23 FC, 3 OC), scar tissue was found in 28 (24 FC, 4 OC), anal mucosa congestion in 27 (22 FC, 5 OC), hemorrhoidal disease in 26 (20 FC, 6 OC) and perianal venous dilatation in 21 (16 FC, 5 OC). Anal fissure, perianal erythema, and venous dilation occurred more frequently in patients with an anterior ectopic anus. An anal fissure was present in more than 80% of patients who had puborectalis muscle and external anal sphincter dysfunction. We concluded that the frequency of acquired anorectal disease in children with chronic constipation is high; early diagnosis and treatment are priorities for the successful management of these patients.

Clinical, functional and morphologic evaluation of patients undergoing lateral sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure treatment. Identification of factors that can interfere with fecal continence / Avaliação clínica, funcional e morfológica de pacientes submetidas à esfincterotomia para tratamento da fissura anal. Identificação dos fatores que podem interferir na continência fecal

Objective: Evaluate clinical, functional and morphologic outcomes of lateral sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure treatment, and correlate the findings with factors that influence in the anal continence. Method: In a prospective study, female patients treated by lateral sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure were assessed using Wexner's incontinence score and grouped according to score: group I (score = 0) and group 2 (score ≥1) and evaluated with anal manometry and anorectal 3D ultrasonography. Results: Thirty-six womens were included, 33% had vaginal delivery. Seventeen patients were included in group I and 19 in group II. We found no difference in age, parity and mode of delivery between groups. A significant difference with respect to percentage reduction in resting pressures was noted, when comparing group 1 versus group 2. The anal sphincter muscle length was similar in both groups. However, the length and percentage of transected internal anal sphincter was significantly greater in group II. Conclusion: There was a correlation between fecal incontinence symptoms after sphincterotomy with the percentage of resting pressure reduction, length and percentage of transected internal anal sphincter. .

Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados clínicos, funcionais e morfológicos de pacientes submetidas à esfincterotomia para tratamento de fissura anal, correlacionando os resultados com os fatores que podem interferir com a continência fecal. Método: Foram avaliadas prospectivamente pacientes do sexo feminino submetidas à esfincterotomia lateral interna devido à presença de fissura anal crônica utilizando o escore de incontinência de Wexner e distribuídas em dois grupos. Grupo 1- Escore igual a zero e Grupo 2 - maior ou igual a 1. As pacientes foram submetidas à avaliação funcional e anatômica do canal anal utilizando manometria anorretal e ultrassonografia tridimensional anorretal. Resultados: Das 36 pacientes incluídas, 33% tinham história de parto vaginal. Dezessete pacientes foram incluídas no Grupo 1 e 19 no Grupo 2. Não houve diferença quanto à idade, paridade e tipo de parto entre grupos. Houve diferença significante em relação ao percentual de redução na pressão de repouso quando comparado o grupo 1 com grupo 2. Não houve diferença no comprimento da musculatura esfincteriana entre grupos. No entanto, o comprimento e o percentual de esfíncter anal interno seccionado foram significativamente maiores no grupo 2. Conclusão: Há correlação entre os sintomas de incontinência fecal pós esfincterotomia com o percentual de reducão das pressões de repouso, tamanho e percentual do esfíncter anal interno seccionado. .

Caracterización anátomo-clínica de la fístula fisuraria / Clinical and anatomical features of fissure-associated anal fistulae

Background: Fissure-associated anal fistulae are not recognized in Parks classification and are probable underdiagnosed. Aim: To characterize these types of fistulae and describe their surgical management and long term results. Material and Methods: Review of medical records of a proctology surgical team. Identified patients were contacted by telephone to know their long term fate. Results: Twenty patients aged 29 to 59 years (70 percent males), with fissure-associated anal fistulae were operated between 1998 and 2011. These corresponded to 4 percent of all ano-rectal fistulae operated in the period. A fistulectomy was performed in 65 percent of patients and a fistulotomy in the rest. In 50 percent of patients, internal lateral sphicterotomy was also performed. Follow-up information was obtained in 80 percent of patients, 71 months (range 7-169) after surgery. No relapses or reoperations were recorded. Two female patients referred occasional gas incontinence, not affecting their quality of life. Conclusions: Considering the trajectory of fissure-associated anal fistulae, they do not affect the sphincter. The usual surgical treatment has a good long term prognosis, except in patients with active fissures, sphincter hypertonia or stenosis.

La fístula fisuraria (FF) es una fístula subcutánea no reconocida en la clasificación de Parks, probablemente existe un sub-diagnóstico de esta entidad. Objetivo: Caracterizar esta entidad desde el punto de vista anátomo-clínico, describiendo el manejo quirúrgico efectuado y sus resultados a largo plazo. Material y Método: Revisión retrospectiva de la base de datos de cirugía proctológica de nuestro hospital entre los años 1998-2011, con encuesta telefónica para conocer los resultados funcionales alejados. Resultados: Se intervinieron 20 FF, correspondientes al 3,9 por ciento del total de fístulas anorrectales operadas en el período (70 por ciento hombres), con una edad promedio de 47 años (extremos 29-59). Se realizó una fistulectomía en 65 por ciento de los casos y una fistulotomía en el resto. Se asoció esfinterotomía lateral interna (ELI) en la mitad de los casos. Se completó seguimiento en 80 por ciento de los pacientes, con un promedio de 71 meses (extremos 7-169), sin recidivas de la fístula ni reoperaciones. Dos pacientes de sexo femenino con ELI refieren incontinencia ocasional a gases, que no afecta su calidad de vida. Conclusión: Dado el trayecto de la FF, la fistulectomía no afecta el aparato esfinteriano y tiene un buen pronóstico a largo plazo con el tratamiento quirúrgico habitual. No es necesario adicionar una ELI, salvo en pacientes con fisura activa y/o marcada hipertonía esfinteriana y/o estenosis moderada.

Tratamento tópico das doenças anorretais / Topical treatment of anorectal diseases

O tratamento das doenças anorretais, como a doença hemorroidária e as fissuras anais, é essencialmente clínico para a maioria dos pacientes, estando as alternativas cirúrgicas reservadas para doença avançada. Modificações no estilo de vida são fundamentais na prevenção e no tratamento das doenças anorretais e incluem aumento do consumo de fibras e ingestão de líquidos para evitar a obstipação intestinal, associado a higienização adequada da região anal. Medicamentos tópicos promovem rápido alívio dos sintomas e são amplamente utilizados na prática clínica. A associação do anestésico cinchocaína com o policresuleno, um agente com propriedades pró-coagulantes e vasoconstritoras, promove alívio dos sintomas associados à doença hemorroidária, à fissura anal, ao prurido local e no pós-operatório de cirurgias proctológicas, sendo uma opção terapêutica efetiva e segura para o tratamento conservador das afecções anorretais.

Clinical and manometric evaluation of women with chronic anal fissure before and after internal subcutaneous lateral sphincterotomy

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and manometric parameters of chronic anal fissure females undergoing lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS). METHODS: A total of eight women with chronic anal fissure who underwent LIS were included in this study. The preoperative assessment was performed one week before surgery and included general and anorectal examination, anorectal manometry, and Jorge Wexner questionnaire. The post operative follow up was made every 15 days until complete healing. Jorge Wexner questionnaires and anorectal manometry were repeated at 1 month and 3 months after the surgery. Time to healing, manometric changes and complications were assessed. RESULTS: All patients had preoperative increased anal resting pressure. The resting pressures and anal canal length were significantly decreased 3 months after surgery. Patients' complaints of itching and bleeding were also reduced. Fissures healed in 7 patients and median healing time was 45 days. No complications were observed due to the procedure. One patient had transient incontinence to flatus. CONCLUSION: Lateral internal sphincterotomy provided clinical improvement and reduced resting pressure of the internal anal sphincter in women with chronic anal fissure. (AU)

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a evolução clínica e manométrica de mulheres com fissura anal crônica submetidas à esfincterotomia lateral interna subcutânea. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo com oito pacientes. A avaliação inicial foi realizada por meio de questionários, exame físico e manometria anorretal na semana anterior ao procedimento cirúrgico. Durante o período pós-operatório, as pacientes foram avaliadas clinicamente a cada 15 dias, até a cicatrização completa. Os questionários e a manometria anorretal foram repetidos 1 mês e 3 meses após a operação. Foi avaliado o tempo para cicatrização da fissura, as alterações manométricas e as complicações decorrentes do procedimento. RESULTADOS: Todas as pacientes apresentavam hipertonia esfincteriana interna no período pré-operatório. Após 3 meses da operação, as pressões de repouso e o comprimento do canal anal funcional diminuíram de modo estatisticamente significante. Houve redução das queixas de prurido e sangramento. A cicatrização completa da fissura ocorreu em sete pacientes. A mediana do tempo de cicatrização foi de 45 dias. Não houve complicações decorrentes do procedimento. Uma paciente apresentou incontinência transitória para flatos. CONCLUSÕES: A esfincterotomia lateral interna subcutânea proporcionou melhora clínica e diminuição das pressões de repouso dos esfíncteres anais em mulheres com fissura anal crônica. (AU)

Cirurgias proctológicas em 3 anos de serviço de coloproctologia: série histórica / Anorrectal surgery: outcomes of 3 years after coloproctology group

Em 2007, 72,5% do movimento cirúrgico do Serviço de Coloproctologia do HU/UFS foi de procedimentos proctológicos. A experiência desse Serviço, em 3 anos, foi compilada e analisada retrospectivamente. Foram 455 pacientes submetidos a hemorroidectomias(40%), fistulectomias (20%) e fissurectomias (13%), sendo os demais, cisto pilonidal, fístula retovaginal, etc. As doenças orificiais prevaleceram em mulheres (54%) e na faixa etária dos 30 a 50 anos. Hemorróidas e fissuras acometeram mais mulheres, enquanto as fístulas, homens. Hemorroidectomia a Milligan e Morgan foi realizada em 53,7% dos casos, com níveis de dor e sangramento comparáveis aos de Ferguson. Ela proporcionou maior número de fissuras residuais e incontinência fecal transitória. Estenose foi igual para as duas técnicas.A técnica de Ferguson tem o tempo de cicatrização inferior, mesmo com elevada taxa de deiscência. A fístula acometeu 4 vezes mais homens. Em 65% dos casos, a fistulectomia foi a técnica de escolha, com melhores resultados em termos de dor e sangramento, e piores índices de incontinência. Houve colocação de sedenho em 14% dos casos, mantidos em média por 20 semanas, e após sua retirada, 36% relataram sinais de incontinência minor. A fissura anal demonstrou uma preferência de cerca de 3 vezes maior pela comissura posterior. As fissuras anteriores ocorreram mais em homens.

In 2007, 72,5% of all surgeries of Coloproctology Departament were from anal procedures. Three years experience of the Medical post- graduation were resumed and analyzed in this study retrospectively. Total 455 patients were submitted to hemorrhoidectomy (40%), fistulectomies (20%) and fissurectomies (13%) and others like pilonidal disease, rectovaginal fistulas. In general, these pathologies are more prevalent in women (54%) from 30 to 50 years old. Hemorrhoids and fissure affected more women, while fistulas affected men. Milligan and Morgan's hemorrhoidectomy was realized in 53,7% of the cases with pain and bleeding patterns comparable to Ferguson technique. It had provided a bigger number of residual fissure and fecal incontinence. Stenosis was the same in both methods. Ferguson technique had lowest repair time, even with high tax of dehiscence. Fistula affects four times more men than women. In 65% of the cases, fistulectomy was the technique choice, with better results in terms of pain and bleeding and worse tax of incontinence. Seton was inserted in 14% of the cases, and it was used in average for 20 weeks, and after its withdrawal, 36% referred minor incontinence. The anal fissure showed preference to posterior place. The anterior fissures occurred more in men.