Characteristics and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study in Mexico.

Introduction: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (MIS-C), a novel hyperinflammatory condition secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is associated with severe outcomes such as coronary artery aneurysm and death. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study including eight centers in Mexico, aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with MIS-C. Patient data were evaluated using latent class analysis (LCA) to categorize patients into three phenotypes: toxic shock syndrome-like (TSSL)-MIS-C, Kawasaki disease-like (KDL)-MIS-C, and nonspecific MIS-C (NS-MIS-C). Risk factors for adverse outcomes were estimated using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression. Results: The study included 239 patients with MIS-C, including 61 (26%), 70 (29%), and 108 (45%) patients in the TSSL-MIS-C, KDL-MIS-C, and NS-MIS-C groups, respectively. Fifty-four percent of the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 42%, 78%, and 41% received intravenous immunoglobulin, systemic glucocorticoids, and anticoagulants, respectively. Coronary artery dilatation and aneurysms were found in 5.7% and 13.2% of the patients in whom coronary artery diameter was measured, respectively. Any cause in-hospital mortality was 5.4%. Hospitalization after ten days of symptoms was associated with coronary artery abnormalities (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-2.0). Age ≥10 years (OR: 5.6, 95% CI: 1.4-2.04), severe underlying condition (OR: 9.3, 95% CI: 2.8-31.0), platelet count <150,000 /mm3 (OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.2-14.7), international normalized ratio >1.2 (OR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.05-13.9), and serum ferritin concentration >1,500 mg/dl at admission (OR: 52, 95% CI: 5.9-463) were risk factors for death. Discussion: Mortality in patients with MIS-C was higher than reported in other series, probably because of a high rate of cases with serious underlying diseases.

Percutaneous closure of a ruptured right coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm that mimics severe aortic regurgitation.

A 34-year-old male was admitted with presumed acute, severe aortic regurgitation. Multimodal imaging was performed and showed a ruptured right coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm into the right atrium. He underwent a percutaneous closure of the ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm. The patient had major clinical improvement.

Anomalía de Ebstein y aneurisma del seno coronario / Ebstein’s anomaly and coronary sinus aneurysm

Resumen La anomalía de Ebstein es una cardiopatía congénita poco común que se asocia a la presencia de vías de conducción anómalas y episodios de taquicardia supraventricular frecuentes, algunos inestables. La asociación con alteraciones anatómicas del seno coronario es rara y no ha sido reportada. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 58 años con enfermedad coronaria, anomalía de Ebstein, episodios de taquicardia ortodrómica y aneurisma del seno coronario, a quien se realizó ablación.

Abstract Ebstein’s disease is a congenital cardiomyopathy, with a low prevalence in the general population. This abnormality has been associated with abnormal cardiac conduction problems, one of the most important being the accessory pathways. In the presence of an accessory pathway, frequent supraventricular tachycardias may occur, some of which are poorly tolerated. The association with the anomalies of the coronary sinus is not currently reported. The case of a 58-year-old woman with Ebstein’s disease, episodes of supraventricular tachycardia, and coronary sinus aneurysm undergoing ablation therapy is presented.

Anterograde and Retrograde Approach With Through-and-Through Wiring Technique to Treat a Ruptured and Extremely Tortuous Giant Popoliteal Artery Aneurism.

PURPOSE: This technical note aims to show a challenging endovascular treatment approach of a giant and tortuous ruptured popliteal artery aneurism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An 86-year-old male patient was admitted for acute lower right limb ischemia. Angio-MSCT showed highly calcified superficial femoral artery, with a 180° bend in distal portion, followed by a large popliteal aneurism (63 × 61 mm) with a large extent hematoma (142 × 112 × 104 mm). Endovascular approach was chosen due to high morbidity. RESULTS: Anterior puncture of right superficial femoral artery was performed under ultrasound guidance. Despite various intents, the 0.035 hydrophilic coated wire could not be crossed distally through the aneurism. Retrograde access was performed via tibio-peroneal trunk under fluoroscopic guidance with a micropuncture set. A stiff 0.035″ Glidewire® was successfully advanced into the proximal portion of the aneurism through a 5F vertebral catheter externalized with a snare from the femoral sheath obtaining a "through-and-through wire" technique. Tightening of both ends of the wire helped gain support and straightened curves. Two stent grafts were implanted with no residual leak at 1 month follow-up. CONCLUSION: Anterograde and retrograde approach was useful to perform a through-and-through wire technique in a challenging case of a tortuous ruptured popliteal artery aneurism.

Endovascular treatment of left internal thoracic artery aneurysm.

Aneurysm of the internal thoracic artery is a rare entity, with variable presentation and a potential risk of fatal rupture. Angiotomography is the diagnostic test of choice and is useful for planning treatment. Considering the morbidity of thoracic access for a direct approach and the unpredictable risk of rupture, an endovascular procedure is the treatment modality of choice for this type of aneurysm. We describe the case of an internal thoracic artery aneurysm discovered incidentally during investigation of syncope and treated by embolization with low-profile and controlled-release microcoils.

Use of carbon dioxide for therapeutic decision-making in endoleaks: a case report.

Endovascular aneurysm repair is currently the most frequently treatment modality for infrarenal aortic aneurysms. Endoleaks are the most common cause of reintervention after endovascular aneurysm repair. It is often unclear which type of endoleak is the correct diagnose, making the treatment decision difficult. We report the case of a 72-year-old man with an endoleak two years after endovascular aneurysm repair. Images suggested a type III endoleak, but this was not confirmed by contrast aortography. We proceeded with the investigation using aortography with carbon dioxide and observed a type IA endoleak. This was successfully treated by implantation of a proximal cuff. A review of the literature shows that the role of carbon dioxide in endoleak management is still unclear. We present a case in which carbon dioxide was essential to both diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making in a type IA endoleak.

O tratamento endovascular dos aneurismas de aorta abdominal é atualmente a modalidade de tratamento mais comum. Os endoleaks representam a causa mais frequente de reintervenção após o tratamento endovascular. O diagnóstico do tipo de endoleak frequentemente é incerto, tornando o tratamento desafiador. Apresentamos o caso de um paciente de 72 anos, com endoleak após 2 anos de tratamento endovascular de aneurisma de aorta abdominal. Os exames de imagem pré-operatórios sugeriam um endoleak tipo III; entretanto, durante aortografia com contraste iodado, não foi possível identificá-lo. Optamos por realizar aortografia com dióxido de carbono (CO2), sendo, então, identificado um endoleak tipo IA, que foi tratado com sucesso com o uso de uma extensão (cuff) proximal. O papel do CO2 no diagnóstico de endoleaks ainda não está claro. Relatamos um caso em que o uso do CO2 foi essencial para o diagnóstico e para a decisão de tratamento do endoleak tipo IA.

Catéter de drenaje de líquido cefalorraquídeo: usos, técnica y complicaciones para el anestesiólogo / Spinal fluid drainage catheter: uses, technique, and complications for the anesthesiologist

Spinal drainage catheter installation is a procedure indicated essentially in the repair of aortic aneurysms and the neurosurgery setting. It is not always a simple procedure where dilemmas arise about the indication, technique, and complications. The following article reviews each of these topics.

La instalación de un catéter de drenaje espinal es un procedimiento indicado principalmente en la reparación de aneurismas aórticos y en el escenario de neurocirugía. No siempre es un procedimiento fácil de realizar donde surgen dudas sobre indicación, técnica y eventuales complicaciones. En el siguiente artículo revisamos cada uno de estos temas.

Tratamento endovascular de aneurisma de artéria torácica interna esquerda / Endovascular treatment of left internal thoracic artery aneurysm

Resumo O aneurisma da artéria torácica interna é uma entidade rara, com apresentação variável e risco potencial de ruptura e de morte. A angiotomografia é o exame diagnóstico de escolha, sendo útil para o planejamento terapêutico. Considerando morbidade do acesso torácico para abordagem direta e o risco imprevisível de ruptura, o procedimento endovascular se apresenta como modalidade terapêutica de escolha para tratamento desse tipo de aneurisma. Descrevemos um caso de aneurisma de artéria torácica interna, com descoberta incidental na investigação de síncope tratado com embolização com micromolas de baixo perfil e de liberação controlada.

Abstract Aneurysm of the internal thoracic artery is a rare entity, with variable presentation and a potential risk of fatal rupture. Angiotomography is the diagnostic test of choice and is useful for planning treatment. Considering the morbidity of thoracic access for a direct approach and the unpredictable risk of rupture, an endovascular procedure is the treatment modality of choice for this type of aneurysm. We describe the case of an internal thoracic artery aneurysm discovered incidentally during investigation of syncope and treated by embolization with low-profile and controlled-release microcoils.

Use of carbon dioxide for therapeutic decision-making in endoleaks: a case report / Uso de CO2 na tomada de decisão terapêutica de endoleak: relato de caso

Abstract Endovascular aneurysm repair is currently the most frequently treatment modality for infrarenal aortic aneurysms. Endoleaks are the most common cause of reintervention after endovascular aneurysm repair. It is often unclear which type of endoleak is the correct diagnose, making the treatment decision difficult. We report the case of a 72-year-old man with an endoleak two years after endovascular aneurysm repair. Images suggested a type III endoleak, but this was not confirmed by contrast aortography. We proceeded with the investigation using aortography with carbon dioxide and observed a type IA endoleak. This was successfully treated by implantation of a proximal cuff. A review of the literature shows that the role of carbon dioxide in endoleak management is still unclear. We present a case in which carbon dioxide was essential to both diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making in a type IA endoleak.

Resumo O tratamento endovascular dos aneurismas de aorta abdominal é atualmente a modalidade de tratamento mais comum. Os endoleaks representam a causa mais frequente de reintervenção após o tratamento endovascular. O diagnóstico do tipo de endoleak frequentemente é incerto, tornando o tratamento desafiador. Apresentamos o caso de um paciente de 72 anos, com endoleak após 2 anos de tratamento endovascular de aneurisma de aorta abdominal. Os exames de imagem pré-operatórios sugeriam um endoleak tipo III; entretanto, durante aortografia com contraste iodado, não foi possível identificá-lo. Optamos por realizar aortografia com dióxido de carbono (CO2), sendo, então, identificado um endoleak tipo IA, que foi tratado com sucesso com o uso de uma extensão (cuff) proximal. O papel do CO2 no diagnóstico de endoleaks ainda não está claro. Relatamos um caso em que o uso do CO2 foi essencial para o diagnóstico e para a decisão de tratamento do endoleak tipo IA.

Embolización de un aneurisma micótico de la arteria mesentérica superior: reporte de un caso / Mycotic aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery coil embolization: case report

Resumen Objetivo: Presentar un caso clínico infrecuente, con una resolución novedosa. Caso Clínico: Paciente con aneurisma micótico de la arteria mesentérica superior manejado satisfactoriamente en forma endovascular. Los aneurismas micóticos viscerales son entidades infrecuentes, con alta morbimortalidad. Es por ello que su manejo debe ser multidisciplinario y considerar diferentes factores al momento de tomar decisiones. En el contexto de la continua mejoría y disponibilidad de las técnicas endovasculares, estas han emergido como una opción terapéutica válida, con posiblemente menos complicaciones. Conclusión: La resolución endovascular del aneurisma micótico visceral es factible, pero su indicación y el manejo completo es aún caso a caso.

Objective: to discuss an infrequent vascular case with a novel resolution. Case Report: Superior mesenteric artery mycotic aneurysm successfully managed with coil embolization. A visceral mycotic aneurysm is an infrequent vascular pathology with high risk of complications and mortality. The endovascular management might offer a treatment option with lower morbimortality rates in selected cases. Conclusion: Endovascular resolution of mycotic visceral aneurysms is both feasible and secure but it must be done in a case to case basis.

Regeneración aberrante del III nervio craneal por aneurisma cerebral bilateral. Reporte de caso / Aberrant regeneration of the III cranial nerve due to bilateral cerebral aneurism

RESUMEN Los trastornos de la motilidad ocular constituyen motivo de consulta periódica en Oftalmología. La regeneración aberrante, trastorno muy poco reportado, es considerada la sincinesia oculomotora de mayor invalidez y complejidad. Diversas condiciones neuroftalmológicas están implicadas en la etiopatogenia de la enfermedad, la mayoría de las cuales puede ocasionar la muerte. El manejo de los síntomas y signos provocados por paradójicos movimientos oculares conjugados es difícil. Se reportó un caso con remisión tardía a neuroftalmología por diagnóstico inicial y evolución desfavorable. La historia psicofísica arrojó diagnóstico definitivo de regeneración aberrante del III nervio craneal secundario, a aneurisma cerebral de la carótida interna bilateral, agravado por reanastomosis quirúrgica. Una rigurosa, obligatoria e impostergable historia neuroftalmológica, se impone ante toda parálisis del III nervio craneal para brindar un diagnóstico etiológico preciso y de esta forma proteger la vida.

ABSTRACT The disturbances in ocular motility are the cause of periodical consultation in Ophthalmology. The aberrant regeneration, a scarcely reported disturbance, is considered the oculomotor synkinesis of highest disability and complexness. Several neuro-ophthalmologic conditions are implicated in the disease ethiopathogeny, and most of them could lead to death. The management of the symptoms and signs caused by paradoxical conjugated ocular movements is difficult. A case is reported of late remission to Neuro-ophthalmology due to unfavorable diagnosis and evolution. The psycho-physical history led to a definitive diagnosis of aberrant regeneration of the III secondary cranial nerve, to cerebral aneurism of the bilateral internal carotid, worsened by surgical re-anastomosis. In front of any paralysis of the III cranial nerve, it is necessary a rigorous, obligatory and immediate neuro-ophthalmological history to arrive to a precise etiological diagnosis, protecting life in that way.

Aneurysm of the Fenestrated Basilar Artery: Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction Aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar junction are rare, but when present, they are often associated with fenestration of the basilar artery. Frequently, the endovascular treatment is the first choice due to the complex anatomy of the posterior fossa, which represents a challenge for the open surgical treatment alternative. Case Report A 47-year-old man was admitted to the emergency unit with headache, diplopia, neck pain and mental confusion. The neurological exam showed: score of 15 in the Glasgow coma scale (GCS), no motor or sensitivity deficit, palsy of the left sixth cranial nerve and Hunt-Hess grade III. The computed tomography (CT) scan showed subarachnoid hemorrhage (Fisher III) and hydrocephalus. The patient was submitted to ventricular-peritoneal shunt. A diagnostic arteriography was performed with 3D reconstruction, which showed evidence of fenestration of the basilar artery associated with aneurysm in the right vertebrobasilar portion. An aneurysm coil embolization was performed without complications. The patient was discharged 19 days later maintaining diplopia, with paralysis of the left sixth cranial nerve, but without any other complaints or neurological symptoms. Discussion Fenestration of the basilar artery occurs due to failure of fusion of the longitudinal neural arteries in the embryonic period, and it is associated with the formation of aneurysms. The endovascular treatment is the first choice and several techniques are described, including simple coiling, balloon remodeling, stent-assisted coiling, liquid embolic agents and flow diversion devices. The three-dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA) is an extremely helpful tool when planning the best treatment course. Conclusion Fenestrated basilar artery aneurysms are rare and complex vascular diseases and their treatment improved with the advent of the 3D angiography and the development of the endovascular techniques.

Introdução Aneurismas da junção vertebrobasilar são raros, mas quando presentes, geralmente estão associados à fenestração da artéria basilar. Frequentemente, o tratamento endovascular é a primeira opção devido à complexidade da anatomia da fossa posterior, o que representa um obstáculo para a alternativa de tratamento com cirurgia aberta. Relato de Caso Um homem de 47 anos de idade deu entrada na unidade de emergência com cefaleia, diplopia, dor no pescoço e desorientação. O exame neurológico mostrou: 15 pontos na escala de coma Glasgow (ECG), ausência de déficit motor ou de sensibilidade, paralisia do sexto nervo craniano I esquerdo, Hunt-Hess grau III. A tomografia computadorizada apresentou hemorragia subaracnoidea (Fisher grau III) e hidrocefalia. O paciente foi submetido a shunt ventricular-peritoneal. A arteriografia diagnóstica foi feita com reconstrução 3D, que comprovou fenestração da artéria basilar associada a aneurisma na porção vertebrobasilar direita. Realizamos embolização do aneurisma com molas, sem complicações. O paciente recebeu alta 19 dias depois, mantendo diplopia, paralisia do sexto nervo craniano esquerdo, sem outras complicações ou sintomas neurológicos. Discussão A fenestração da artéria basilar ocorre devido à falência da fusão das artérias neurais longitudinais no período embrionário e está associada à formação de aneurismas. O tratamento endovascular é a primeira opção e várias técnicas são descritas, incluindo simples embolização, remodelagem por balão, embolização assistida com stent, agentes embólicos líquidos e dispositivos de desvio de fluxo. Para planejar o melhor tratamento, angiografias rotacionais 3D são extremamente úteis. Conclusão Aneurismas de artéria basilar fenestrada são doenças vasculares raras e complexas, e seu tratamento foi aprimorado com o advento de angiografias 3D e desenvolvimento de técnicas endovasculares.

Aneurisma cardíaco apical en paciente chagásico agudo de avanzada edad: Reporte de un caso / Apical cardiac aneurism in acute chagasic aged patient: A case report

Se presenta el caso de un paciente de la tercera edad mostrando cuadro agudo sintomático con complicaciones cardiacas evidenciadas por detección de fibrilación auricular, miopericarditis, derrame pericárdico moderado, sin signos de taponamiento cardíaco, fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) < 30% y aneurisma, detectados mediante estudios electro y eco cardiográficos, respectivamente. El despistaje parasitológico reveló la presencia de Trypanosoma cruzi en muestra de sangre circulante y líquido pericárdico, con hemocultivo positivo y detección de ADN específico del parásito por ensayos de PCR. Asimismo, la presencia de altos niveles de anticuerpos circulantes anti-T. cruzi detectados con dos pruebas serológicas (TAD, IFI) y la observación de altos niveles IgM, corroboran el diagnóstico de un cuadro de enfermedad de Chagas en fase aguda de la infección. Además, la procedencia del paciente de una localidad andina del occidente de Venezuela, donde la enfermedad de Chagas es endémica, unido al hallazgo de ejemplares adultos de triatominos en la vivienda del paciente confirman el diagnóstico. Se discute la significación del presente hallazgo y se detallan las observaciones durante la re-evaluación en el seguimiento post tratamiento.

A Clinical case from an aged patient with evidence of suffering heart failure showing arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation and pericarditis, pericardial effusion and left ventricle aneurism detected by electrocardiogram and echocardiogram respectively, is reported. Parasitological examination revealed presence of Trypanosoma cruzi in blood and pericardial fluid samples. In addition, hemoculture was positive and PCR assay revealed specific T. cruzi DNA. Serological techniques (DAT, IFAT) showed anti-T.cruzi circulating antibodies, including high level IgM. The sero-parasitological and molecular (PCR) findings confirmed the presumptive clinical diagnosis for Chagas disease acute infection. The significance of the present findings is discussed and clinical details observed during re-evaluation post-treatment, are included.

Kissing abscess de la valva anterior mitral y pseudoaneurisma por endocarditis infecciosa de la válvula aórtica / Kissing-abscess of the anterior mitral valve and pseudo aneurism due to infective endocarditis of the aortic valve

Un mecanismo inusual de complicación de endocarditis infecciosa (EI) aórtica es llamado ôkissing abscessõ, producido por el impacto del flujo de la regurgitación aórtica y contacto de las vegetaciones sobre la valva anterior mitral. Los abscesos de la válvula mitral pueden complicarse con pseudoaneurismas. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 36 años con fiebre y sudoración de tres meses de evolución. Además, soplo diastólico aórtico y hepatomegalia. La ecocardiografía transesofágica (ETE) mostró válvula aórtica bicúspide con insuficiencia severa y perforación del seno no coronariano con múltiples vegetaciones de tamaño promedio de 4 mm, válvula mitral anterior con imagen anecogénica de 14 mm que corresponde a absceso con flujo Doppler en su interior y otra imagen anecogénica de pseudoaneurisma y múltiples vegetaciones subvalvulares. La extensión de la infección de la EI aórtica a la válvula mitral es una complicación con alta tasa de mortalidad, por ello es necesario el diagnóstico temprano.

An unusual complication of infective endocarditis (IE) of the aortic valve is called kissing-abscess, caused by the impact of the flow of aortic regurgitation and subsequent contact of vegetations over the anterior mitral valve. The resulting abscesses on the mitral valve can further complicate forming pseud aneurisms. We present the case of a 36-year-old male patient with a 3-month history of fever. A diastolic murmur on the aortic chest wall area was listened and hepatomegaly was also found on the physical examination. A trans-esophageal echocardiography revealed severe aortic insufficiency and perforation of the non-coronary sinus with multiple vegetations, mean size of 4 mm. In addition, the anterior mitral valve had a hypo-echogenic image of 14mm in size consistent with an abscess with Doppler flow in its interior and a pseudo aneurism with multiple sub-valvular vegetations. The extension of IE from the aortic to the mitral valve is associated with high mortality rate needing a prompt diagnosis.

Alterações endocrinológicas após hemorragia subaracnóidea / Endocrinological Changes after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A avaliação da função hipofisária na fase aguda ou tardia dos pacientes que sofrem hemorragia subaracnóidea (HSA) é infrequente; entretanto, a HSA apresenta um risco significante de disfunção pituitária, principalmente devido à vulnerabilidade da sua suplência vascular. Há poucos estudos tratando do tema, mas os existentes sugerem que distúrbios hormonais pós-hemorragia subaracnóidea são mais prevalentes do que inicialmente se suspeitava. Não somente a hipófise anterior parece estar envolvida nessas alterações; a hiponatremia no estágio agudo pode ser uma manifestação de disfunção da hipófise posterior. As alterações hormonais após HSA ainda recebem pouca atenção das equipes assistenciais, podendo ser uma das complicações potencialmentegraves sendo tratável quando há suspeição pelo diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial.

The evaluation of pituitary function in the acute and at late time in the patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is unusual. Meanwhile the SAH present with a high risc of pituitary disfunction primarily by the vulnerability of the vascular feeding vessels. Few studies about this subject suggest that hormonal disturbance are more prevalent that were suspected before. Both the anterior and posterior pituitary areinvolved. The hormonal changes after SAH are not well recognized by the physicians and can be treated even been a critical medical situation with clinical and laboratorial findings.

Aneurisma infeccioso del cayado aórtico por Staphylococcus aureus en paciente inmunocomprometido, reporte de un caso / Infectious aneurysm of the aortic arch by Staphylococcus aureus in immunocompromised patients. Case report

El aneurisma infeccioso es una causa rara y potencialmente letal de aneurisma, si no se diagnostica de forma precoz; es la infección total de la pared arterial. Su epidemiología es cambiante y originariamente, la endocarditis bacteriana era la causa principal, en la actualidad se presenta en el anciano con enfermedad aterosclerótica y en pacientes con compromiso inmunológico. Se presentó el caso de un paciente masculino, de 38 años de edad, con antecedente patológico personal de inmunodepresión, que consultó por presentar dolor torácico, por varios síntomas presentados, se le realizan una serie de exámenes complementarios los cuales arrojan como resultado un gran aneurisma sacular localizado en el arco aórtico y se sugirió un posible origen infeccioso.

The infectious aneurysm is a rare and potentially lethal cause of aneurysm if it is not precocious diagnosed; it is the total infection of the arterial wall. Its epidemiology is changeable and, originally the bacterial endocarditis was the main cause; currently it appears in elder people with atherosclerotic disease and in patients with immunologic compromise. We present the case of a male patient, aged 38 years with personal pathological antecedents of immunodepression, who assisted the consultation with thoracic pain. Due to several symptoms he presented, a series of complementary exams was made, showing as a result a great saccular aneurism located in the aortic arch; a possible infectious origin was suggested.

Role of the emergency extra-intracranial bypass in acute occlusive arterial disease: evidence in the literature as to the benefit to young patients and an illustrative case of a patient with extra- and intracranial traumatic internal carotid artery occlusion / Anastomose extraintracraniana de emergência na doença arterial oclusiva aguda: evidências na literatura quanto ao benefêcio para pacientes jovens e caso ilustrativo de um paciente com oclusão traumática da artéria carótida interna

The extra-intracranial bypass has been used in the treatment of patients with chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency. More recent studies have demonstrated the benefit of this technique to patients with arterial occlusion in the acute phase. We relate the case of a 19-year-old patient, victim of cervical trauma, who presented evidence of intra- and extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion and progressive intra hospital clinical worsening. He underwent a high-flow bypass surgery with NIHSS at 17, progressing with progressive intra hospital improvement and in the outpatient segment achieved a NIHSS of 2 in 6 months of follow-up. We discuss the role of high- and low-flow bypass in chronic occlusive arterial disease, based on a review of the literature. We conclude that in spite of there being a divergence as to the indication for, and benefits of, these techniques in chronic occlusive arterial disease, in the acute phase, there appears to be a more evident benefit mainly in the young patients, whose etiology is the dissection of the ICA...

A anastomose extraintracraniana tem sido utilizada no tratamento de pacientes com insu!ciência vascular cerebralcrônica. Estudos mais recentes têm demonstrado os benefícios dessa técnica para pacientes com doença arterialoclusiva em sua fase aguda. Relatamos o caso de um jovem de 19 anos, vítima de trauma cervical fechado,que apresentou oclusão da artéria carótida interna (ACI) extra e intracraniana, evoluindo com piora neurológica progressiva. Foi submetido a anastomose de alto "uxo em fase aguda, evoluindo com melhora neurológica,progredindo de um NIHSS de 17 para NIHSS de 2 no seguimento após seis meses. Discutimos, ainda, o papelda anastomose de alto e baixo "uxo na doença arterial oclusiva crônica, com base em revisão da literatura.Concluímos que, embora haja divergência na indicação e nos possíveis benefícios, as técnicas de anastomosespodem proporcionar maior benefício para pacientes jovens, cuja principal etiologia é a dissecção arterial....

Diagnósticos de enfermagem e proposta deintervenções ao paciente com aneurisma cerebral / Nursing diagnoses and proposed interventions to patient with cerebralaneurysm

Introdução: O aneurisma cerebral é uma condição potencialmentefatal e a hemorragia subaracnóidea devido a ruptura de aneurismaintracraniano é uma condição grave necessitando de atençãoespecial da equipe encarregada de fornecer cuidados terapêuticosao paciente.Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os diagnósticos deenfermagem e relacionar as intervenções de enfermagem a partirdos diagnósticos encontrados em pacientes com aneurisma cerebralinternados na Clínica de Neurocirurgia do Hospital de Base--HBDF.Método: Foram analisados 26 prontuários dos pacientes estiveraminternados durante os meses de outubro de 2012 a fevereiro de 2013.Resultados: Foram levantadas as principais complicações primáriase secundárias ao aneurisma cerebral. Após a identificação dosproblemas, procedeu-se a identificação dos diagnósticos de enfermageme elencadas as intervenções pertinentes a cada um.Conclusão: O diagnóstico de enfermagem e as intervenções, quandointerligados, permitem melhor solução para o problema levantado,facilitando a conduta de enfermagem e mantendo a assistênciaindividualizada.

Introduction: The cerebral aneurysm is a potentially fatal conditionand subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured intracranialaneurysm is a serious condition requiring special attention of staffresponsible for providing therapeutic care to the patient.Objective: The aim of this study was to identify nursing diagnosesand nursing interventions relate from diagnoses found in patientswith cerebral aneurysms admitted to the Clinic of Neurosurgery,Hospital de Base - HBDF.Methods: We analyzed 26 patients who were hospitalized duringthe months of October 2012 to February 2013.Results: Major complications were raised primary and secondaryto cerebral aneurysm. After identifying the problems, we proceededto identify the listed nursing diagnoses and interventions relevantto each.Conclusion: Nursing diagnosis and interventions, when connected,allow a better solution to the problem, facilitating the conductof nursing and maintaining individual care.

Aneurisma de fístula arteriovenosa para hemodiálisis / Hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula aneurysms

Los aneurismas de fístulas arteriovenosas para hemodiálisis constituyen una complicación que aparece en algunos pacientes y que no siempre se toma una conducta con relación a ellos. En este trabajo presentamos un caso de una mujer de 29 años de edad con nueve años en hemodiálisis a través de una fístula arteriovenosa braquiocefálica izquierda que desarrolló aneurisma gigante con peligro de ruptura espontánea, la cual fue sometida a tratamiento quirúrgico. Se describe la técnica y se revisa la literatura al respecto(AU)

Hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula aneurisms represent a complication that we can observe in some patients and not always is taken a procedure in relation to them. Herein, we report the case of 29 year old woman with nine years of hemodialysis treatment through left brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula which developed a giant aneurism with the possibility of spontaneous rupture. The patient was submitted to surgical treatment. The technique was described and the literature was review(AU)

A técnica de clip-wrap: uma revisão de literatura / The clip-wrap technique: a literature review

A técnica de clip-wrap é utilizada quando o neurocirurgião é confrontado com aneurismas que não podem ser clipados pelas técnicas tradicionais, por causa de colo largo, calcificação, placas ateroscleróticas, aneurismas fusiformes ou quando há vasos oriundos do corpo do aneurisma. Diversos tipos de materiais podem ser utilizados, incluindo algodão, gaze de musselina, músculo, cola de fibrina e cianoacrilato. Nesta revisão de literatura, os autores destacam os resultados obtidos por esses diferentes materiais, assim como as complicações e a eficácia em relação às taxas de ressangramento e ruptura no pósoperatório. Conclui-se, portanto, que a técnica de clip-wrap é segura e eficaz, associada com uma baixa taxa de complicações pós-operatórias. O método pode impedir ressangramento e representa melhoria quando comparado com a história natural da doença...

The clip-wrap technique is used when the neurosurgeon is confronted with aneurysms that cannot be cut by means of traditional techniques, due to a wide neck, calcification, atherosclerotic plaques, fusiforms aneurysms or when there are vessels from the aneurysm body. Various types of materials can be used, including cotton, gauze muslin, muscle, fibrin glue and cyanoacrylate. In this review, the authors highlight the results obtained by these different materials as well as the complications and efficacy in relation to the rates of rebleeding and rupture in the postoperative period. Therefore, the clip-wrap technique is safe and effective, associated with a low rate of postoperative complications. The method can prevent rebleeding and represents an improvement compared with the natural history of disease...