The role of neophobia in a pioneer olfactory enrichment for amazons, macaws, and toucans / El papel de la neofobia en un enriquecimiento olfativo pionero para guacamayos, loros y tucanes

Abstract Introduction: Despite sensory enrichment being critical for ensuring the well-being of captive wild animals, smells are not being included in enrichment protocols for birds. For this group, neophobia can be a problem when it comes to implementing new enrichment devices. Objective: To explore how participation in an olfactory enrichment and latency times varies between bird taxonomic groups (Amazona spp. / Ara spp. / Ramphastos spp.). Methods: We exposed 257 birds to a scent enrichment, and we recorded which individuals engaged with it and the time they took to interact with it. Results: We discovered that participation by toucans in the enrichment was higher compared to amazons and macaws. Furthermore, latency time to interact with the enrichment was higher in amazons that in the other species. Our findings could suggest that toucans are neophilic species which could benefit from higher exploration rates. Amazons on the contrary seem to be particularly neophobic, possibly because of their less opportunistic feeding habits compared to toucans and their higher vulnerability to predation compared to macaws. Conclusion: These results point out that toucans would be more inclined to engage in environmental enrichments, while a more natural design using smells inside familiar objects could be a more successful enrichment for psittacids.

Resumen Introducción: A pesar de que el enriquecimiento sensorial es fundamental para garantizar el bienestar de los animales silvestres en cautiverio, los olores no son incluidos de forma rutinaria en los protocolos de enriquecimiento para aves. Además, en el caso de estos animales, la neofobia puede ser un problema a la hora de implementar nuevos dispositivos de enriquecimiento. Objetivo: Explorar cómo varía la participación y la latencia en la interacción con un enriquecimiento olfativo entre grupos taxonómicos de aves (Amazona spp. / Ara spp. / Ramphastos spp.). Métodos: Expusimos a 257 aves a un enriquecimiento olfativo y registramos qué individuos participaron y el tiempo que tardaron en interactuar con él. Resultados: La participación en el enriquecimiento fue mayor en los tucanes en comparación con las amazonas y los guacamayos. Además, el tiempo de latencia para interactuar con el enriquecimiento fue mayor en las amazonas que en las otras especies. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que los tucanes son especies neofílicas que podrían beneficiarse de tasas de exploración más altas. Por otro lado, las amazonas parecen ser particularmente neofóbicas, posiblemente debido a sus hábitos alimenticios menos oportunistas en comparación con los tucanes y a su mayor vulnerabilidad a la depredación en comparación con los guacamayos. Conclusión: Estos resultados señalan que los tucanes serían más proclives a participar en enriquecimientos ambientales, mientras que un diseño que utilice olores dentro de objetos más naturales o familiares podría ser más exitoso para las psitácidas.

Fatores clínicos do bem-estar de mulheres em parturição: perspectivas deontológicas e da bioética principialista / Clinical factors of women in labor well-being: deontological and bioethical principlism perspectives / Factores clínicos del bienestar de la mujer en trabajo de parto: perspectivas deontológicas y de la bioética principialista

Objetivo: avaliar os fatores clínicos associados ao bem-estar das mulheres durante o trabalho de parto e parto à luz da bioética principialista e da deontologia. Método: estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 396 puérperas internadas em um hospital municipal do sudoeste da Bahia, e os dados foram coletados no período de janeiro a maio de 2023, após aprovação do comitê de ética em pesquisa. Os dados foram organizados no software Excel e analisados via SPSS v.25. a partir da regressão logística multinomial. Resultados: a maior parte da amostra apresentou bem-estar com assistência em saúde, mulheres que tiveram parto realizado por profissionais não médicos apresentaram mais chances de níveis de bem-estar "adequado". E mulheres que não tiveram a via de parto cesárea apresentaram aumento de chances de bem-estar. Conclusão: é necessário que os profissionais reflitam sobre suas ações, condicionando-as à humanização no parto, em observância aos princípios bioéticos.

Objective: to evaluate the clinical factors associated with women's well-being during labor and delivery in the light of bioethics principlism and deontology. Method: a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted. It involved 396 postpartum women admitted to a municipal hospital in the southwest of Bahia. Data were collected from January to May 2023, after approval from the research ethics committee. The data were tabulated using Excel software and analyzed using SPSS v.25 through Multinomial Logistic Regression. Results: majority of the sample exhibited well-being with health care assistance. Women who underwent delivery performed by non-medical professionals showed higher chances of "adequate" levels of well-being. Additionally, women who did not undergo cesarean delivery showed increased chances of well-being. Conclusion: It is necessary for professionals to reflect on their actions, conditioning them to the humanization of childbirth, according to bioethical principles.

Objetivo: evaluar los factores clínicos asociados al bienestar de la mujer durante el trabajo de parto y parto a la luz de la bioética y la deontología principialista. Método: estudio transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Incluyó 396 puérperas ingresadas en un hospital municipal del suroeste de Bahía. Recolección de datos de enero a mayo de 2023, con aprobación del comité de ética en investigación. Los datos se tabularon en el software Excel y se analizaron mediante SPSS v.25. utilizando regresión logística multinomial. Resultados: la mayoría de las participantes de la muestra presentó bienestar con la atención para la salud; las que tuvieron partos realizados por profesionales no médicos tenían más probabilidades de tener niveles "adecuados" de bienestar; las que no tuvieron parto por cesárea tenían mayores probabilidades de tener bienestar. Conclusión: es necesario que los profesionales reflexionen sobre sus acciones y las adecuen para humanizar el parto, respetando los principios bioéticos.

Social media uses amongst adolescents: motives, minority stress and eudaimonic well-being / Uso de redes sociales en adolescentes: motivación, estrés de minorías y bienestar eudaimónico

Introduction: The scientific evidence regarding the effects of online social media use on the well-being of adolescents is mixed. In gen-eral, passive uses (receiving, viewing content without interacting) and more screen time are related to lower well-being when compared with active uses (direct interactions and interpersonal exchanges). Objectives:This study ex-amines the types and motives for social media usage amongst adolescents, differentiating them by gender identity and sexual orientation, as well as its effects on eudaimonic well-being and minority stress. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1259 adolescents, aged 14 to 19 (M= 16.19; SD= 1.08), analysing the Scale of Motives for Using Social Net-working Sites, eudaimonic well-being, the Sexual Minority Adolescent Stress Inventory, screen time and profile type. Results:The results found that longer use time is related to finding partners, social connection and friendships; that gay and bisexual (GB) adolescents perceive more distal stressors online;and that females have higher levels of well-being. Discus-sion: The public profiles of GB males increase self-expression, although minority stress can be related to discrimination, rejection or exclusion. Dif-ferentiated socialization may contribute to a higher level of well-being in females, with both active and passive uses positively effecting eudaimonic well-being in adolescents.(AU)

Introduction: The scientific evidence regarding the effects of online social media use on the well-being of adolescents is mixed. In general, passive uses (receiving, viewing content without interacting) and more screen time are related to lower well-being when compared with active uses (direct interactions and interpersonal exchanges). Objectives: This study examines the types and motives for social media usage amongst adolescents, differentiating them by gender identity and sexual orientation, as well as its effects on eudaimonic well-being and minority stress. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1259 adolescents, aged 14 to 19 (M = 16.19; SD = 1.08), analysing the Scale of Motives for Using Social Networking Sites, eudaimonic well-being, the Sexual Minority Adolescent Stress Inventory, screen time and profile type. Results: The results found that longer use time is related to finding partners, social connection and friendships; that gay and bisexual (GB) adolescents perceive more distal stressors online; and that females have higher levels of well-being. Discussion: The public profiles of GB males increase self-expression, although minority stress can be related to discrimination, rejection or exclusion. Differentiated socialization may contribute to a higher level of well-being in females, with both active and passive uses positively effecting eudaimonic well-being in adolescents.(AU)

Teacher Emotion Inventory: validación en una muestra de profesorado español / Teacher Emotion Inventory: validation in a sample of Spanish teachers

Antecedentes: La escala Teacher Emotion Inventory (TEI) es un instrumento que evalúa emociones discretas experimentadas por el profesorado en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión breve española de la escala Teacher Emotion Inventory (TEI-BSV) en una muestra de 567 profesores (65.5% son mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre 25 y 65 años (M = 46.04; DT = 9.09). Método: Tras su adaptación mediante traducción inversa, el profesorado completó una batería que incluía el TEI-BSV, un cuestionario de inteligencia emocional, dos escalas de bienestar subjetivo, una escala sobre burnout y una escala sobre engagement. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron una consistencia interna adecuada de las subescalas del TEI-BSV. Los análisis factoriales (exploratorio y confirmatorio) proporcionaron pruebas de que el TEI-BSV tiene una estructura de cuatro factores con un buen ajuste, frente a la estructura de cinco factores original. Se han hallado evidencias de validez convergente, así como de validez criterial e incremental del TEI-BSV. Conclusiones: el TEI-BSV podría ser una herramienta útil para la evaluación ecológica de las emociones discretas del profesorado en su contexto laboral.(AU)

Background: The Teacher Emotion Inventory (TEI) scale is an instrument that evaluates discrete emotions experienced by teachers in the teaching-learning process. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the brief Spanish version of the Teacher Emotion Inventory scale (TEI-BSV) using a sample of 567 teachers (65.5% women), aged between 25 and 65 years (M= 46.04; SD= 9.09). Methods: After adaptation through back-translation, the teachers com-pleted a battery of tests included in the TEI-BSV: an emotional intelli-gence questionnaire, two subjective well-being scales, a burnout scale and a scale on engagement. Results: The data revealed adequate internal consistency of the TEI-BSV subscales, and exploratory and confirma-tory factor analyses provided evidence that the TEI-BSV has a four-factor structure with good adjustment, as opposed to the original five-factor structure proposed. There was evidence of convergent validity of the TEI-BSV, as well as criterion and incremental validity. Conclusions: The TEI-BSV could be a useful instrument for the ecological assess-ment of teachers' discrete emotions in the context of their workplace.(AU)

Long-term PTSD prevalence and associated adverse psychological, functional, and economic outcomes: a 12-15 year follow-up of adults with suspected serious injury.

Background: An increasing number of longitudinal studies investigates long-term PTSD, related outcomes and potential gender differences herein. However, a knowledge gap exists when it comes to studies following individual civilian trauma beyond a decade post-trauma.Objective: To investigate the long-term PTSD prevalence, associated adverse psychological, functional and economic outcomes related to (suspected) serious injury of 12-15 years ago in Dutch adults, as well as potential gender differences herein.Method: N = 194 trauma-exposed adults (34% women) admitted to an emergency department following suspected serious injury completed a follow-up assessment 12-15 years (M = 14.30, SD = 1.00) post-trauma. Participants completed assessments of clinician-rated PTSD symptom severity, as well as self-report questionnaires on psychological, functional and economic outcomes.Results: Nine participants (4.8%) fulfilled the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD related to the index trauma of 12-15 years ago. Results showed that PTSD symptom severity (CAPS-5) was significantly associated with more severe symptoms of anxiety (HADS) and depression (QIDS), lower well-being (WHO-5) and (health-related) quality of life (WHOQOL; EQ-5D-5L), but not with alcohol use (AUDIT), productivity loss at work (iPCQ) and health care use (iMCQ). No significant gender differences in the long-term PTSD prevalence nor in its related psychological, functional and economic outcomes were found.Conclusions: Our findings underscore the long-term presence of PTSD and associated adverse psychological and functional outcomes in a proportion of adults who experienced (suspected) serious injury over a decade ago. PTSD is already widely recognized for its substantial impact in the aftermath of a trauma. The current study emphasizes the potential long-term consequences of individual civilian trauma, highlighting the importance of accurate screening and prevention for PTSD.

We investigated long-term PTSD and associated adverse outcomes 12­15 years post-trauma.4.8% had PTSD 12­15 years following suspected serious injury.Higher PTSD symptoms were associated with adverse psychological and functional outcomes.

[Impact of the Mediterranean diet and the consumption of fermented beverages on subjective well-being in different contexts in Spain]. / Impacto de la dieta mediterránea y del consumo de bebidas fermentadas en el bienestar subjetivo en diferentes contextos en España.

Introduction: The relationship between the Mediterranean diet, the consumption of fermented beverages (beer and wine), and subjective well-being in Spain was investigated. Using a cross-sectional study with 2,752 participants, dietary patterns and emotional well-being were evaluated in contexts such as work, the gym, and bars/restaurants. The results showed that context significantly impacts dietary habits and well-being. Participants at the gym adhered more to the Mediterranean diet and reported fewer negative emotions compared to other contexts. Correlation maps indicated that beer consumption was associated with a higher intake of red meat, while wine was related to a higher consumption of fish and seafood. Additionally, the study found that participants following the Mediterranean diet experienced higher levels of emotional well-being, with less frequent negative emotions such as anxiety and anger, and higher levels of life satisfaction, especially in contexts like the gym. These findings suggest that public health interventions should consider contextual factors to promote healthy eating habits and improve emotional well-being, highlighting the importance of the Mediterranean diet in health and the prevention of psychological problems.

Introducción: Se investigó la relación entre la dieta mediterránea, el consumo de bebidas fermentadas (cerveza y vino) y el bienestar subjetivo en España. Utilizando un estudio transversal con 2752 participantes, se evaluaron los patrones dietéticos y el bienestar emocional en contextos como el trabajo, el gimnasio y bares o restaurantes. Los resultados mostraron que el contexto tiene un impacto significativo en los hábitos dietéticos y el bienestar. Los participantes del gimnasio siguieron más la dieta mediterránea y reportaron menos emociones negativas en comparación a los de otros contextos. Los mapas de correlación indicaron que el consumo de cerveza se asociaba con una mayor ingesta de carne roja, mientras que el vino se relacionaba con un mayor consumo de pescado y mariscos. Además, el estudio encontró que los participantes que seguían la dieta mediterránea experimentaban mayores niveles de bienestar emocional, con menor frecuencia de emociones negativas, como la ansiedad y la ira, y mayores niveles de satisfacción con la vida, especialmente en contextos como el gimnasio. Estos hallazgos sugieren que las intervenciones de salud pública deberían considerar los factores contextuales para fomentar hábitos alimenticios saludables y mejorar el bienestar emocional, resaltando la importancia de la dieta mediterránea en la salud y en la prevención de problemas psicológicos.

'I've got no PPE to protect my mind': understanding the needs and experiences of first responders exposed to trauma in the workplace.

ABSTRACTBackground: First responders (FRs) are at high risk of being exposed to traumatic events in their occupational roles. Responding to critical incidents often involves exposure to life-threatening circumstances, dealing with fatalities and encountering highly stressful situations that may trigger traumatic responses. These experiences can lead to poor physical and mental health (MH) outcomes including post-traumatic stress disorder, co-morbid conditions such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, insomnia, and suicidality. Little research has explored the perspectives and experiences of FRs in dealing with occupational trauma(s) and how best to meet their health needs.Objective: This study aimed to explore FRs' experiences of exposure to occupational trauma and its impact on their mental wellbeing. The wider objective was to investigate how FRs can be supported to access appropriate and relevant help, addressing barriers like stigma.Method: A qualitative research design using in-depth semi-structured interviews with FRs (n = 54) was adopted. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using an inductive thematic approach.Results: Themes developed were: (1) the pervasive, cumulative and salient impact of occupational trauma on MH (micro-traumas, nightmares, flashbacks and reliving experiences); (2) the demands of the job exacerbating the adverse effects of trauma (self and others); (3) insufficient support and unhelpful ways of coping following exposure to trauma (lack of psychological safety); (4) stigma and fear of judgement as barriers to MH help-seeking; and (5) need for specific, accessible and credible trauma-focused interventions and workplace support.Conclusions: The implications of these findings are discussed at the individual, service provider and organisational level, emphasising the importance of implementing a strengths-based, non-pathologising and de-stigmatising approach to trauma in the workplace as experienced by FRs. Emphasis is placed on the importance of overcoming barriers to accessing MH support and improving access to evidence-based, trauma-focused psychological interventions and workplace support.

First responders regularly experience traumatic events in their workplace which can bring about traumatic stress, which is further exacerbated by the demands and pressures of their jobs.First responders' coping needs are not being met to a sufficient extent, especially in terms of psychological/MH input.There is need for evidenced-based, easily accessible, occupation-specific trauma-focused interventions to support first responders with their MH needs from occupational trauma-related stressors.

Psychological well-being and interpersonal relationships in students of a Public Institution, Juliaca 2024 / Bienestar psicológico y relaciones interpersonales en estudiantes de una Institución Pública, Juliaca 2024 / Bem-estar psicológico e relações interpessoais em alunos de uma Instituição Pública, Juliaca 2024

The purpose of this study is to reveal the existence of a significant relationship between psychological well-being and interpersonal relationships. For the execution, the population included 3000 students, aged between 13 and 17 years, male and female, from which a representative sample of 1187 participants was calculated. The methodology corresponds to a non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational design. Two questionnaires were used to conduct the survey, the first is the psychological well-being scale (BIEPS-J), it was originally created by Casullo and Castro in Argentina, in 2000, then it is adapted in Peru by Cortez in 2016, in addition, it has 13 items in Likert format. The second instrument is the questionnaire for measuring interpersonal relationships (FIRO-B), originally structured by William Schütz in 1950, belonging to the United States, in 1992 it was adapted to Spanish by Bueno and Castanedo in Argentina, which is composed of 54 Likert-type questions. The result affirms that psychological well-being shows a highly significant and direct relationship with the interpersonal relations variable (r= 244**; p= 0.000), so that the increase in psychological well-being increases interpersonal relations. By virtue of the results, it is concluded that there is a clear connection between the two research topics.

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito revelar la existencia de una relación significativa entre bienestar psicológico y relaciones interpersonales. Para la ejecución, la población incluye a 3000 participantes, de edades entre trece a diecisiete años, varones y mujeres, del cual se calculó una muestra representativa de 1187 participantes. La metodología corresponde a un diseño no experimental, de corte transversal, de tipo correlacional. Se utilizaron dos cuestionarios para realizar la encuesta, la primera es la escala de bienestar psicológico (BIEPS-J), fue originalmente creada por Casullo y Castro en Argentina, en el año 2000, seguidamente es adaptada en Perú por Cortez en el año 2016, además , tiene 13 artículos en formato Likert. El instrumento dos es el cuestionario de medición de relaciones interpersonales (FIRO-B), estructurado originalmente por William Schütz en el año 1950, perteneciente a estados unidos, en el año 1992 fue adaptado al español por Bueno y Castanedo en argentina, la misma que Está compuesta por 54 preguntas de tipo Likert. El resultado indica que la variable independiente evidencia una relación altamente significativa e directa con la variable dependiente (r= 244**; p= 0.000) por lo que al incremento de bienestar psicológico incrementa mejor las relaciones interpersonales. En virtud de los resultados, se concluye que existe una conexión clara entre los dos temas de investigación.

El objetivo de este trabajo es revelar la existencia de una relación significativa entre el bienestar psicológico y las relaciones interpersonales. Para la ejecución, una población incluye 3.000 participantes, com idades comprendidas entre los tres y los dezassete años, hombres y mujeres, a partir de dos quais foi calculada una mostra representativa de 1.187 participantes. Una metodología corresponde a un diseño no experimental, transversal y correlacional. Para la realización de la investigación foram utilizada dos cuestionarios, el primero en ser una escala de bienestar psicológico (BIEPS-J), originalmente criada por Casullo y Castro en Argentina, en 2000, después de adaptada en Perú por Cortez en 2016, también Disso, possui 13 elementos en formato Likert. El instrumento dos es un cuestionario de medicina de relaciones interpersonales (FIRO-B), originalmente estructurado por William Schütz en 1950, originario de Estados Unidos, en 1992, adaptado al español por Bueno y Castanedo en Argentina, o mesmo que É composto por 54 perguntas del tipo Likert. El resultado indica que una variable independiente presenta una relación altamente significativa y directa con una variable dependiente (r= 244**; p= 0,000) de modo que un aumento no bem-estar psicológico aumenta melhor as relações interpessoais. Con base en los resultados, concluimos que existe una clara ligación entre los dos temas de investigación.

Investigación preclínica en animales. Pautas actuales / Preclinical animal research. Current guidelines

El uso de animales en experimentación científica está regulado por normativas diseñadas para garantizar la ética y el bienestar de los animales. A nivel mundial las regulaciones varían, pero muchos países como Argentina adoptan directrices establecidas por organizaciones internacionales como la Oficina de Protección de los Derechos de los Animales, EE.UU. (Animal Welfare Office) y el Instituto Nacional de Salud, EE.UU. (National Institute of Health). Los protocolos que se elaboran teniendo en cuenta las recomendaciones de estas entidades deben ser revisados por comités de ética para asegurarse que se cumplan con los estándares internacionales. En resumen, las pautas actuales buscan equilibrar el avance científico con la ética, asegurando que el uso de animales en investigación sea racional, humanitario y respetando el bienestar animal.(AU)

The use of animals in scientific experiments is regulated by guidelines designed to ensure ethics and welfare of animals. Regulations vary around the world, but many countries, such as Argentina, follow guidelines established by international organizations such as the US Office of Animal Welfare and the US National Institutes of Health. Protocols developed using the recommendations of these entities must be reviewed by ethics committees to ensure that they follow international standards. In summary, the current guidelines seek to strike a balance between scientific progress and ethics, ensuring that the use of animals in research is rational, humane and respects animal welfare.(AU)

[Self-sense and experiences of physical activity in breast cancer survivors: Qualitative evidence synthesis]. / Significados y experiencias de actividad física en mujeres sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama: síntesis cualitativa.

Breast cancer has a high incidence rate and a negative impact on women's lives. The practice of physical activity (PA) has shown strong evidence in controlling the side effects associated with the disease and its treatment. However, having an active lifestyle is influenced by socio-health inequities. The objective was to analyze the categories related to the meanings and perceived experiences with PA in breast cancer survivors (BCS). Protocol https://osf.io/7fwbs/. Articles describing the meanings of PA in BCS published after 2010 were included. Fourteen articles were analyzed using line-by-line coding. The emerging categories were: 1)PA as a strategy to re-signify and empower the body. 2)Cancer means a change in PA trajectories. 3)PA is a tool for a healthy and functional body in everyday life.

Efecto del programa nutricional “Tusuy” en la composición corporal y bienestar emocional en personas con síndrome de Down / The effect of the “Tusuy” nutritional program on body composition and emotional well-being in people with Down syndrome

Introducción. El síndrome de Down es una condición genética que afecta física y cognitivamente al ser humano. Los programas nutricionales basados en el fomento de la actividad física mejoran la hipotonía muscular y el bienestar emocional en personas con síndrome de Down.Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del programa nutricional “Tusuy” en la composición corporal y bienestar emocional de personas con síndrome de Down, durante ocho semanas de intervención. Material y métodos: Investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño experimental, nivel pre-experimental. La muestra final fue conformada por 25 personas con síndrome de Down, con asistencia regular al taller de danza; fueron excluidos personas con diagnóstico severo de síndrome de Down. El programa nutricional Tusuy tuvo una duración de ocho semanas, que incluía el taller de danza, sesiones educativas para mejorar la alimentación y seguimiento a través de WhatsApp de los padres de familia. El perímetro abdominal se midió a través cinta métrica marca Lufkin, consignado en una ficha antropométrica; el bienestar emocional fue evaluado a través de la escala de bienestar psicológico, validada mediante juicio de expertos. Para comparar los resultados antes y después de la intervención, se utilizó la prueba estadística no paramétrica de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Antes de la intervención, al analizar el perímetro abdominal, se obtuvo 36 % en riesgo muy alto, con promedio de 91,17 ± 11,39 cm; asimismo, el 64,0 % presentó bienestar psicológico. Al término de la intervención, el 20,0 % presentó riesgo muy alto; el promedio del perímetro abdominal fue de 89,18 ± 11,84 cm; el 98,0 % presentó bienestar psicológico. Al comparar ambos grupos experimentales, se obtuvo un valor p<0,05. Conclusión: El programa nutricional “Tusuy”, que duró ocho semanas de intervención, mejoró la composición corporal y el bienestar emocional en personas con síndrome de Down.(AU)

Introduction: Down syndrome is a genetic conditionthat affects humans physically and cognitively. Nutritionalprograms based on promoting physical activity improvemuscle hypotonia and emotional well-being in people withDown syndrome. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the “Tusuy” nutri-tional program on the body composition and emotional well-being of people with Down syndrome, during eight weeks ofintervention. Material and methods:Research with a quantitative ap-proach, experimental design, pre-experimental level. The fi-nal sample was made up of 25 people with Down syndrome,with regular attendance at the dance workshop; People witha severe diagnosis of Down syndrome were excluded. TheTusuy nutritional program lasted eight weeks, which includedthe dance workshop, educational sessions to improve nutri-tion, and monitoring of parents via WhatsApp. Abdominalperimeter was measured using a Lufkin measuring tape,recorded on an anthropometric sheet; Emotional well-beingwas evaluated through the psychological well-being scale, validated through expert judgment. To compare the resultsbefore and after the intervention, the non-parametricWilcoxon statistical test was used. Results: Before the intervention, when analyzing the ab-dominal perimeter, 36% were found to be at very high risk,with an average of 91.17 ± 11.39 cm; Likewise, 64.0% pre-sented psychological well-being. At the end of the interven-tion, 20.0% presented very high risk; the average abdominalperimeter was 89.18 ± 11.84 cm; 98.0% presented psycho-logical well-being. When comparing both experimentalgroups, a p value <0.05 was obtained.Conclusion: The “Tusuy” nutritional program, which lastedeight weeks of intervention, improved body composition andemotional well-being in people with Down syndrome.(AU)

Representaciones sociales acerca de Instagram: Estudio cualitativo con adultos emergentes con diferente bienestar psicológico y autoestima corporal

Antecedentes existe una relación entre el uso de Instagram y diferentes influencias e interacciones con el bienestar y salud mental de este grupo etario. Objetivo Reconstruir las representaciones sociales acerca de la red social Instagram de adultos emergentes con diferentes niveles de bienestar psicológico y autoestima corporal. Método redes semánticas naturales y entrevistas semiestructuradas fueron aplicadas a N=12 adultos emergentes (19 - 27 años) divididos en dos grupos según sus niveles de autoestima corporal y bienestar psicológico. El análisis de datos estuvo basado en análisis de redes semánticas naturales y algunos procedimientos de codificación teórica. Resultados se muestra la presencia del concepto de "acoso" como núcleo central de la representación social de Instagram en el grupo con baja autoestima corporal y bajo bienestar psicológico, a diferencia del grupo con alta autoestima corporal y alto bienestar psicológico en donde el núcleo central fue "red social". Conclusiones en los grupos estudiados, se encontraron dos representaciones sociales diferentes respecto de Instagram. Estos resultados pueden ser relevantes para aportar a llenar el vacío de conocimiento sobre los significados subjetivos colectivos de los adultos emergentes, teniendo implicancias en la mejor comprensión de las diversas formas de relación que establecen con esta y otras redes sociales.

Background There is a relationship between the use of Instagram and various influences and interactions with the well-being and mental health of this age group. Objective To reconstruct the social representations of the Instagram social network among emerging adults with different levels of psychological well-being and body esteem. Method Natural semantic networks and semi-structured interviews were conducted with N=12 emerging adults (19 - 27 years old) divided into two groups based on their body self-esteem and psychological well-being levels. Data analysis relied on natural semantic network analysis and theoretical coding. Results The concept of "harassment" is revealed as the central core of the social representation of Instagram in the group with low body self-esteem and low psychological well-being, unlike the group with high body esteem and high psychological well-being where the central core was the "social network" itself. Conclusions Two different social representations of Instagram were found in the studied groups. These results could contribute to filling the knowledge gap about the collective subjective meanings of emerging adults, impacting the better understanding of the diverse relationships they establish with this and other social networks.

Caring to care: Nurturing ICU healthcare professionals' wellbeing for enhanced patient safety.

Healthcare professionals working in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) care for patients suffering from a critical illness and their relatives. Working within a team of people with different personalities, competencies, and specialties, with constraints and demands might contribute to a working environment that is prone to conflicts and disagreements. This highlights that the ICU is a stressful place that can threaten healthcare professionals' wellbeing. This article aims to address the concept of wellbeing by describing how the stressful ICU work-environment threatens the wellbeing of health professionals and discussing how this situation jeopardizes patient safety. To promote wellbeing, it is imperative to explore actionable interventions such as improve communication skills, educational sessions on stress management, or mindfulness. Promoting ICU healthcare professionals' wellbeing through evidence-based strategies will not only increase their personal resilience but might contribute to a safer and more efficient patient care.

Ethics and Welfare in invertebrates: a stepping-stone to research and animal production / Ética y bienestar en invertebrados: una piedra fundamental en investigación y producción animal

Abstract Introduction: Even though only a few species are considered to be dangerous, pests or vectors, the majority of invertebrates produce a feeling of aversion in humans. This has contributed to the delay in the development of ethical considerations as regards this group in contrast with vertebrates, with the exception of cephalopods. Objective: In the present study, we provide an overview of the current situation on animal ethics and welfare in order to contribute to the development of a framework for ensuring invertebrate welfare. Methods: Today, animal welfare is multidisciplinary in nature to a very high degree as it includes ethology, physiology, pathology, biochemistry, genetics, immunology, nutrition, cognitive-neural, veterinary medicine, and ethics. Animal welfare is a complex concept, difficult to achieve successfully from one perspective. Results: As a consequence, we propose to include the five domains (nutrition, environment, health, behaviour and mental state) along with the three conceptions (basic health and functioning, affective state and natural living), as well as the 5R Principle (Replace, Reduction, Refinement, Respect and Responsibility) in seeking to achieve a comprehensive welfare state. Conclusions: We consider that in both research and animal production, the individual and collective ethical concerns coexist and, in fact, the main moral concern to account for is the collective one and that, within that collective view, the individual moral concern should be applied with responsibility and respect for the individual. Finally, we propose a practical example of invertebrate welfare production in sea urchin aquaculture with the aim of including animal production of invertebrates in this important discussion.

Resumen Introducción: Aunque sólo unas pocas especies son consideradas peligrosas, plagas o vectores, la mayoría de los invertebrados producen un sentimiento de aversión en el ser humano. Esto ha contribuido al retraso en el desarrollo de consideraciones éticas respecto a este grupo en comparación con los vertebrados, a excepción de los cefalópodos. Objetivo: En el presente trabajo, proporcionamos una visión general de la situación actual en materia de ética y bienestar animal con el fin de contribuir al desarrollo de un marco para garantizar el bienestar de los invertebrados. Métodos: Hoy en día, el bienestar animal es de naturaleza multidisciplinaria en un grado muy alto, ya que incluye etología, fisiología, patología, bioquímica, genética, inmunología, nutrición, cognitivo-neural, medicina veterinaria y ética. El bienestar animal es un concepto complejo, difícil de lograr con éxito desde una sola perspectiva. Resultados: Como consecuencia, proponemos incluir los cinco dominios (nutrición, ambiente, salud, comportamiento y estado mental) junto con las tres concepciones (Salud básica y funcionamiento, estado afectivo y vida natural), así como el Principio 5R (Reemplazar, Reducir, Refinar, Respetar y Responsabilidad) en la búsqueda de alcanzar un estado de bienestar integral. Conclusiones: Consideramos que tanto en la investigación como en la producción animal coexisten las preocupaciones éticas individuales y colectivas y, de hecho, la principal preocupación moral a dar cuenta es la colectiva y que, dentro de esa visión colectiva, se debe aplicar la preocupación moral individual. con responsabilidad y respeto por la persona. Finalmente, proponemos un ejemplo práctico de producción de bienestar de invertebrados en la acuicultura de erizos de mar con el objetivo de incluir la producción animal de invertebrados en esta importante discusión.

[Mobile health in primary care. New challenges in the development of solutions to promote physical activity and well-being]. / La salud móvil en atención primaria. Nuevos desafíos en el desarrollo de soluciones para promover la actividad física y el bienestar.

The use of smart devices such as mobile phones (smartphones) or smart watches (smartwatch) to promote physical activity and well-being has increased in recent years among patients and professionals in primary care. This change is driven by the access of patients and professionals to a large catalog of health applications, which can complement the provision of services and promote the empowerment of patients in their own health and lifestyles. These applications are beginning to be integrated with areas such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and data storage in the cloud, among other emerging technological systems, offering a new complementary approach to clinical practice known so far. Despite the great potential, there are numerous limitations and major challenges for its full implementation in clinical practice.

Factores asociados al rendimiento académico de los adolescentes de La rioja (España): hábitos de vida, indicadores de salud y factores sociodemográficos / Factors associated with academic performance in adolescents from La Rioja (Spain): lifestyle habits, health indicators, and sociodemographic factors

Introducción: el rendimiento académico está influenciado por numerosos factores, algunos de índole personal y otros contextuales, que, además, poseen una estrecha relación con la salud de los estudiantes. Por ello, el objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación e influencia de los hábitos de vida, diversos indicadores de salud física y psicosocial, y variables sociodemográficas sobre dicho rendimiento. Método: el estudio se llevó a cabo sobre una muestra de 761 estudiantes (14,51 ± 1,63 años) de 25 centros educativos de una región del norte de España. Se valoró el rendimiento académico, así como la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, la autoestima, la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, las horas de sueño nocturno, el nivel de actividad física, el entorno para la práctica de dicha actividad física, la participación en actividades deportivas extraescolares, el consumo máximo de oxígeno, el índice de masa corporal y diversos factores sociodemográficos. Resultados: ser chico, tener origen migrante y poseer un nivel socioeconómico bajo/medio, una capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en zona de riesgo, una menor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea e índices más bajos de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud resultaron asociarse a un menor rendimiento académico, llegando a explicar hasta el 14 % de su varianza según el análisis de regresión. Igualmente, los adolescentes con mayor autoestima, menor índice de masa corporal, las chicas, aquellos que residían en un entorno favorable para la práctica física, los que realizaban actividad física extraescolar y los que presentaban mayor número de horas de sueño nocturno, mostraron mayores índices de rendimiento académico. Conclusiones: las intervenciones dirigidas a combatir el fracaso escolar deberían tener en cuenta los factores asociados citados, haciendo especial hincapié en los grupos más vulnerables como los chicos, aquellos con menor nivel socioeconómico y los que siguen unos hábitos de vida no saludables.(AU)

Introduction: academic performance is influenced by numerous factors, some personal and others contextual in nature, which also have a closerelationship with the health of students. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the relationship and influence of lifestyle habits, variousphysical and psychosocial health indicators, and sociodemographic variables on academic performance.Method: the study was carried out on a sample of 761 students (14.51 ± 1.63 years old) from 25 educational centers in a region of northernSpain. Academic performance was assessed, as well as health-related quality of life, self-esteem, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, hoursof nocturnal sleep, level of physical activity, environment for the practice of physical activity, participation in extra-curricular sports activities,maximum oxygen consumption, body mass index, and various sociodemographic factors.Results: being male, having immigrant origins, as well as having a low/medium socioeconomic level, a cardiorespiratory capacity in the risk zone,lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and lower health-related quality of life indices were associated with lower academic performance,explaining up to 14 % of its variance according to the regression analysis. Likewise, adolescents with higher self-esteem, lower body mass index,females, those who lived in a favorable environment for physical activity practice, engaged in extra-curricular physical activity, and had a highernumber of hours of nocturnal sleep showed higher levels of academic performance.Conclusions: interventions aimed at combating academic failure should take into account the aforementioned associated factors, with specialemphasis on the most vulnerable groups such as males, those with lower socioeconomic status, and those who follow unhealthy lifestyle habits.(AU)

Implantación de un programa de mejora del bienestar emocional basado en atención plena (mindfulness) en una población rural / Implementation of a program to improve emotional well-being based on mindfulness in a rural population

Objetivo. Mejorar el bienestar mental de las personas que participan en el Programa de Mejora del Bienestar Emocional mediante Atención Plena (Mindfulness) desarrollado en la localidad de Ribafrecha (La Rioja). Métodos. Desde mayo de 2022 hasta marzo de 2023 se ha llevado a cabo en Ribafrecha (La Rioja) un Programa de Mejora de Bienestar Emocional Basado en la Atención Plena, completado por 100 de las 780 personas mayores de 19 años que residen en la localidad. El programa, basado en MBCT (terapia cognitiva basada en mindfulness, por sus siglas en inglés), consta de 8 sesiones con periodicidad semanal en grupos de unas 12-16 personas, seguido de sesiones bimestrales de recuerdo y del envío de audios cada 15 días para mantener lo aprendido durante el curso de 8 semanas. Conclusiones. Para los participantes en el programa, esta actividad ha supuesto una mejora en el manejo de las situaciones vitales estresantes. Además, permite al médico de familia un acercamiento más cálido y personal a las situaciones de malestar emocional relatadas por las/los pacientes, apelando a las propias fortalezas que estos han adquirido durante el curso. (AU)

Aim. To improve the mental well-being of people who take part in the "Mindfulness-based Emotional Well-being Improvement Programme” developed in the town of Ribafrecha (La Rioja). Methods. An Emotional Well-Being Improvement Programme Based on Mindfulness was performed in Ribafrecha (La Rioja). This was completed by 100 out of the 780 people aged over 19 years old, residing in the town. The programme, based on MBCT (Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy), consists of eight weekly sessions in groups of about 12-16 people, followed by bi-monthly memory sessions and sending audios every 2 weeks to maintain what they have learned during the eight-week course. Conclusions. For the participants in the programme, this activity has led to improved management of stressful life situations. Moreover, it enables the family physician to have a warmer and more personal approach to situations of emotional distress reported by patients, which appeal to their own strengths that they have acquired during the course. (AU)

Ansiedad y depresión en el embarazo. Variables asociadas durante el periodo de pandemia COVID-19 / Anxiety and depression in pregnancy. Associated variables during the covid-19 pandemic period

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre edad, paridad, nacionalidad, estudios, empleo y apoyo de la pareja con la depresión y ansiedad durante el embarazo. Determinar el impacto de la evolución de la pandemia COVID-19 en los niveles de ansiedad y depresión de las participantes. Método: Estudio descriptivo correlacional transversal realizado en el Osakidetza/Servicio Vasco de Salud, Atención primaria, Bizkaia (España). Participaron 295 gestantes entre ocho y 41 semanas. Se midió la asociación entre edad, paridad, nacionalidad, nivel de estudios, empleo, apoyo de la pareja y tasas de incidencia de COVID-19 durante el periodo del estudio y las puntuaciones de depresión (medido con la Escala de Depresión Posnatal de Edimburgo) y de ansiedad (medido con la subescala de ansiedad estado-rasgo del State-Anxiety Inventory [STAI-S]) durante el embarazo. Se construyó un modelo de regresión logística y se estimaron las odds ratios (OR) y sus intervalos de confianza de 95% (IC 95%). Resultados: La puntuación media en ansiedad fue de 18,75 puntos (DE = 8,69) y en depresión 6,45 puntos (DE = 4,32). Las mujeres que esperaban su segundo hijo o más obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en depresión (OR 2,51 [IC 95%: 1,26-5,01]) y ansiedad (OR 1,98 [IC 95%: 1,01-3,89]). Haber cursado estudios universitarios se asocia con puntuaciones más bajas en depresión (OR 0,28 [IC 95%: 0,11-0,77]) y ansiedad (OR 0,2 [IC 95%:0,08-0,54]). Una buena calidad en la relación de pareja se asocia con menores niveles de ansiedad (OR 0,45 [IC 95%: 0,24-0,81). La puntuación media en ansiedad y depresión se relacionan con la incidencia de casos COVID-19; la puntuación en ansiedad fue significativamente más alta en los periodos de mayor incidencia. Conclusiones: Mayor atención emocional a las gestantes con bajo nivel de estudios, multíparas y con un débil apoyo de su pareja, permitiría reducir la ansiedad y depresión en el embarazo. Situaciones de emergencia sanitaria afectan a la salud mental durante la ges...(AU)

Objective: To assess the association between age, parity, nationality, educational level, employment and partner support with depression and anxiety during pregnancy. To determine the impact of the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic on the anxiety and depression levels of the participants. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive correlational study carried out in the Osakidetza/Basque Health Service, Primary Care, Bizkaia (Spain). A total of 295 pregnant women between 8 and 41 weeks participated. The association between age, parity, nationality, educational level, employment, partner support and COVID-19 incidence rates during the study period and depression (measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and anxiety (measured with the State-Anxiety Inventory/STAI-S subscale) scores during pregnancy was measured. A logistic regression model was constructed and odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Results: The mean score was 18.75 points for anxiety (SD 8.69) and 6.45 points for depression (SD 4.32). Women expecting their second or later child had higher scores for depression (OR 2.51 [95%IC: 1.26-5.01]) and anxiety (OR 1.98 [95%IC: 1.01-3.89]). Having completed university studies was associated with lower scores in depression (OR 0.28 [95%IC: 0.11-0.77]) and in anxiety (OR 0,2 [95%IC: 0.08-0.54]). A good relationship with the partner was associated with lower levels of anxiety (OR 0.45 [95%IC: 0.24-0.81]). The mean anxiety and depression scores are related to the incidence of COVID-19 cases; the anxiety score was significantly higher in periods of higher incidence. Conclusions: Greater emotional care for pregnant women with low educational level, multiparous and with weak support from their partner, would reduce anxiety and depression in pregnancy. Health emergency situations affect mental health during gestation.(AU)

Efecto de la deuda económica sobre el bienestar psicológico de los residentes de cirugía: Resultados de un estudio nacional en Colombia / Effect of financial debt on the psychological well-being of surgery residents: Results of a national study in Colombia

Introducción. La deuda económica durante la residencia en cirugía general puede afectar el desempeño profesional, las decisiones de vida y el bienestar psicológico. La información disponible en Colombia es limitada. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar la deuda económica del residente de cirugía general, identificar los factores asociados y evaluar su efecto en el bienestar psicológico. Métodos. Estudio de corte transversal analítico. Se invitó a 380 residentes a diligenciar una encuesta sobre los aspectos relacionados con su deuda económica y se utilizó el WHO-index para evaluar su bienestar psicológico. Resultados. Un total de 259 residentes participaron en el estudio (67,6 %). El 56 % posee una deuda económica promedio de COP $88.000.000 ((US$21.826)). Un alto nivel de endeudamiento se relacionó con el año de residencia, el tipo de institución (privada) y la solicitud de préstamos. Se identificó algún trastorno mental en 14,7 % y un bajo nivel de bienestar psicológico en 56,4 % de los participantes. No se identificó ninguna asociación entre una elevada deuda económica y el bajo bienestar psicológico. Conclusiones. La deuda económica tiene un efecto sobre los residentes. El endeudamiento de los residentes de cirugía en Colombia es altamente prevalente, y no se correlaciona con un pobre bienestar psicológico. La autodeterminación favorece el bienestar psicológico en el posgrado en cirugía general. Existe la necesidad de educación financiera en los residentes. Se requieren nuevos estudios que evalúen las causas del pobre bienestar psicológico.

Introduction. Financial debt during surgery residency can affect professional performance, life decisions, and psychological well-being. The information available in Colombia is limited. The objective of this study is to quantify the financial debt of the general surgery resident, identify the associated factors and evaluate their effect on psychological well-being. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 380 residents were invited to complete a survey on aspects related to their financial debt, and the WHO-index to evaluate their psychological well-being. Results. A total of 259 residents participated in the study (67.6%). 56% have an average economic debt of $88,000,000 COP (US$21,826). High debt was related to level of residence, type of institution (private), and loan application. Some mental disorder was identified in 14.7% and a low level of psychological well-being in 56.4% of the participants. No association was identified between high financial debt and low psychological well-being. Conclusions. Economic debt has an effect on residents. Financial debt among surgical residents in Colombia is highly prevalent; however, it does not correlate with poor psychological well-being. Self-determination favors psychological well-being in the postgraduate course in general surgery. Likewise, the need for financial education in residents is imminent. New studies are required that thoroughly evaluate the causes of poor well-being.